Maras

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Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292742436
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Maras by : Thomas C. Bruneau

Download or read book Maras written by Thomas C. Bruneau and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensational headlines have publicized the drug trafficking, brutal violence, and other organized crime elements associated with Central America's mara gangs, but there have been few clear-eyed analyses of the history, hierarchies, and future of the mara phenomenon. The first book to look specifically at the Central American gang problem by drawing on the perspectives of researchers from different disciplinary backgrounds, Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Central America provides much-needed insight. These essays trace the development of the gangs, from Mara Salvatrucha to the 18th Street Gang, in Los Angeles and their spread to El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Nicaragua as the result of members' deportation to Central America; there, they account for high homicide rates and threaten the democratic stability of the region. With expertise in areas ranging from political science to law enforcement and human rights, the contributors also explore the spread of mara violence in the United States. Their findings comprise a complete documentation that spans sexualized violence, case studies of individual gangs, economic factors, varied responses to gang violence, the use of intelligence gathering, the limits of state power, and the role of policy makers. Raising crucial questions for a wide readership, these essays are sure to spark productive international dialogues.

Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 30 (2014)

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Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004530509
Total Pages : 989 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 30 (2014) by : Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

Download or read book Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 30 (2014) written by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The print edition is available as a set of three volumes (9789004326590).

Good, Bad, and Ugly Colonial Activities: Studying Development across the Americas

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Good, Bad, and Ugly Colonial Activities: Studying Development across the Americas by : Miriam Bruhn

Download or read book Good, Bad, and Ugly Colonial Activities: Studying Development across the Americas written by Miriam Bruhn and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Levels of economic development vary widely within countries in the Americas. This paper argues that part of this variation has its roots in the colonial era. Colonizers engaged in different economic activities in different regions of a country, depending on local conditions. Some activities were "bad" in the sense that they depended heavily on the exploitation of labor and created extractive institutions, while "good" activities created inclusive institutions. The authors show that areas with bad colonial activities have lower gross domestic product per capita today than areas with good colonial activities. Areas with high pre-colonial population density also do worse today. In particular, the positive effect of "good" activities goes away in areas with high pre-colonial population density. The analysis attributes this to the "ugly" fact that colonizers used the pre-colonial population as an exploitable resource. The intermediating factor between history and current development appears to be institutional differences across regions and not income inequality or the current ethnic composition of the population.

Guatemala-U.S. Migration

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Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 029276314X
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Guatemala-U.S. Migration by : Susanne Jonas

Download or read book Guatemala-U.S. Migration written by Susanne Jonas and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guatemala-U.S. Migration: Transforming Regions is a pioneering, comprehensive, and multifaceted study of Guatemalan migration to the United States from the late 1970s to the present. It analyzes this migration in a regional context including Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States. This book illuminates the perilous passage through Mexico for Guatemalan migrants, as well as their settlement in various U.S. venues. Moreover, it builds on existing theoretical frameworks and breaks new ground by analyzing the construction and transformations of this migration region and transregional dimensions of migration. Seamlessly blending multiple sociological perspectives, this book addresses the experiences of both Maya and ladino Guatemalan migrants, incorporating gendered as well as ethnic and class dimensions of migration. It spans the most violent years of the civil war and the postwar years in Guatemala, hence including both refugees and labor migrants. The demographic chapter delineates five phases of Guatemalan migration to the United States since the late 1970s, with immigrants experiencing both inclusion and exclusion very dramatically during the most recent phase, in the early twenty-first century. This book also features an innovative study of Guatemalan migrant rights organizing in the United States and transregionally in Guatemala/Central America and Mexico. The two contrasting in-depth case studies of Guatemalan communities in Houston and San Francisco elaborate in vibrant detail the everyday experiences and evolving stories of the immigrants’ lives.

Fragmented State Capacity

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3658257946
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (582 download)

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Book Synopsis Fragmented State Capacity by : Marco Just Quiles

Download or read book Fragmented State Capacity written by Marco Just Quiles and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marco Just Quiles offers new perspectives on how domestic and external factors interact to shape variations in local state capacity. Using Bolivia as a case, he applies quantitative and qualitative methods to decode the nexus between global interdependencies, subnational bargaining processes, and diverging configurations of public service provision at the local level. Relying in part on newly compiled indicators, the author presents the ways in which shifting distributional coalitions between regional elites, central governments and their connections with international markets in different periods of the last century have produced the contemporary fragmentation of stateness in Bolivia.

Spirit and Power

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199920575
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Spirit and Power by : Donald E. Miller

Download or read book Spirit and Power written by Donald E. Miller and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the global growth and social and political impact of Pentecostalism.

Effects of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education on Economic Growth

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education on Economic Growth by : Josef L. Loening

Download or read book Effects of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education on Economic Growth written by Josef L. Loening and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Loening investigates the impact of human capital on economic growth in Guatemala during 1951-2002 using an error-correction methodology. The results show a better-educated labor force having a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Consistent with microeconomic studies for Guatemala, primary and secondary education are most important for productivity growth. These findings are robust while changing the conditioning set of the variables, controlling for data issues and endogeneity. Due to an environment of social and political conflict, however, total factor productivity has been slightly negative for the past decades, and there is evidence of a missing complementarily between the country's skills and its technology base. The author presents a growth-accounting framework which takes into account quality changes of physical capital, and differentiates by level of education. It shows that the human capital variables explain more than 50 percent of output growth. Of these, secondary schooling is the predominant determinant of growth."--World Bank web site.

Land, Poverty and Livelihoods in an Era of Globalization

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134121911
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Land, Poverty and Livelihoods in an Era of Globalization by : A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi

Download or read book Land, Poverty and Livelihoods in an Era of Globalization written by A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here internationally renowned scholars explore the structural causes of rural poverty, income inequality and the processes of social exclusion and political subordination across Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Production, Consumption, Business and the Economy

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Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784410551
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis Production, Consumption, Business and the Economy by : Donald C. Wood

Download or read book Production, Consumption, Business and the Economy written by Donald C. Wood and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-05 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is divided into four main sections, these focus on: commodities and their social meanings; anthropological investigation of business systems and practices; the economic importance of productive land in culture and society; and a showcase of new research on the economic anthropology of Latin America.

Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400701772
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America by : G.K. Lieten

Download or read book Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America written by G.K. Lieten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to bridge the lack of information on child labour and to stimulate policy interventions the IREWOC Foundation (International Research on Working Children) has undertaken action-based research in the field of the worst forms of child labour in Latin America. In 2006 and 2007 a comparative study on the Worst Forms of Child Labour was carried out in 7 different economic sectors in Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru focussing on the hazardous worst forms. The central research objectives were as follows: • to map the working and living situations of children who are working in specific economic sectors and what the consequences of this work are for their physical and emotional wellbeing. • to investigate the reasons why these children are working in these worst forms sectors. The research results were expected to give important insights into the currently polarised debate between those who state child labour is above all related to cultural considerations and those who state that economic reasons are fundamental to the phenomena of child labour. • to map the existing policy initiatives for child labourers in the worst forms and to identify the best practices. In the face of challenges imposed by achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the UN, specific attention was paid to educational initiatives. Is education a useful tool in combating child labour, and vice versa, is child labour a significant obstacle to achieving universal primary education? Although the evidence from the various cases discussed in the book illustrate positive trends in terms of the worst forms of child labor, thousands of children were still found to be engaged in activities that form a direct threat to their physical, mental and moral health and jeopardize their education. This book proposes several practical recommendations for possible interventions.

Child Welfare in Developing Countries

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441962751
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Child Welfare in Developing Countries by : John Cockburn

Download or read book Child Welfare in Developing Countries written by John Cockburn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to establish impact, attributing observed changes in welfare to the intervention, while identifying key factors of success. Impact evaluations are aimed at providing feedback to help improve the design of programs and policies. They also provide greater accountability and a tool for dynamic learning, allowing policymakers to improve ongoing programs and ultimately better allocate funds across programs. Such a causal analysis is essential for understanding the relative role of alternative interventions in reducing poverty. The papers in this section again adopt a variety of techniques. The rst two impact evaluation studies employ propensity score matching to establish, ex-post, a valid control group to assess the impact on child schooling outcomes among b- e ciaries of various interventions in Kenya and Ethiopia. The third chapter c- ries out an ex-ante evaluation of alternative cash transfer programs on child school attendance in Uruguay. The nal paper further carries out in-depth macro-modeling and micro-regression analysis to simulate the impacts of the food crisis and various policy responses, including food subsidies and cash transfers, on various dimensions of child poverty in Mali. Though using different approaches, the studies are gen- ally in agreement concerning the positive impact of the cash transfer program on child schooling and labor market outcomes. The studies from Kenya and Uruguay both nd that the schooling interventions are progressive.

Colombia: A Country Study

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Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780844495026
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Colombia: A Country Study by : Rex A. Hudson

Download or read book Colombia: A Country Study written by Rex A. Hudson and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treats in concise and objective manner the dominant historical, social, political, economic, and national security aspects of contemporary Colombia. Chapter bibliographies appear at the end of the book.

Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean 2020

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Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251341664
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that are related to food security and nutrition will not be achieved as long as, in some territories in Latin America and the Caribbean, populations continue to live with malnutrition rates. Economic opportunities in these areas are often limited, public services are scant, and exposure to severe climate events is high. The public policies promoted in the region have had less impact in these historically lagging territories, and there is a pressing need to produce a new agenda of public instruments that address the characteristics of the communities that inhabit them. The full and sustainable development of the territories that are falling behind is not only an obligation in terms of the realization of the rights of their inhabitants; it would also allow these territories to activate their social, economic, environmental and cultural potential, to the benefit of all societies.It is hoped that the 2020 Regional Overview will help to highlight the challenges experienced by the territories with the worst indicators in terms of food and nutrition, and that it will serve to mobilize political commitment and public attention towards those areas that are most highly laggingThe year 2020 will be remembered for many decades as the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The indicators of the 2030 Agenda that are used in this publication do not yet show the different impacts of COVID-19. However, there are references to the possible implications of the pandemic for the future.

Human Rights in the Maya Region

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Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822389053
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights in the Maya Region by : Pedro Pitarch

Download or read book Human Rights in the Maya Region written by Pedro Pitarch and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years Latin American indigenous groups have regularly deployed the discourse of human rights to legitimate their positions and pursue their goals. Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the Maya region of Chiapas and Guatemala, where in the last two decades indigenous social movements have been engaged in ongoing negotiations with the state, and the presence of multinational actors has brought human rights to increased prominence. In this volume, scholars and activists examine the role of human rights in the ways that states relate to their populations, analyze conceptualizations and appropriations of human rights by Mayans in specific localities, and explore the relationship between the individualist and “universal” tenets of Western-derived concepts of human rights and various Mayan cultural understandings and political subjectivities. The collection includes a reflection on the effects of truth-finding and documenting particular human rights abuses, a look at how Catholic social teaching validates the human rights claims advanced by indigenous members of a diocese in Chiapas, and several analyses of the limitations of human rights frameworks. A Mayan intellectual seeks to bring Mayan culture into dialogue with western feminist notions of women’s rights, while another contributor critiques the translation of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights into Tzeltal, an indigenous language in Chiapas. Taken together, the essays reveal a broad array of rights-related practices and interpretations among the Mayan population, demonstrating that global-local-state interactions are complex and diverse even within a geographically limited area. So too are the goals of indigenous groups, which vary from social reconstruction and healing following years of violence to the creation of an indigenous autonomy that challenges the tenets of neoliberalism. Contributors: Robert M. Carmack, Stener Ekern, Christine Kovic, Xochitl Leyva Solano, Julián López García, Irma Otzoy, Pedro Pitarch, Álvaro Reyes, Victoria Sanford, Rachel Sieder, Shannon Speed, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, David Stoll, Richard Ashby Wilson

Blood Safety

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319944363
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood Safety by : Hua Shan

Download or read book Blood Safety written by Hua Shan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a concise yet comprehensive overview on critical issues in monitoring and responding to new microbial threats to blood safety. It provides information on the current concerns and mechanisms for monitoring potential new infectious threats to blood safety, evaluates the response to these new threats, and explores the complex issues related to blood safety, including health economics, the relationship between levels of public health threats (actual danger) versus public concerns (perceived danger), and the challenges in coordinating international collaborative efforts. The text also includes several case studies that illustrate the existing systems used for monitoring and responding to new threats to blood safety. Written by experts in the field, Blood Safety: A Guide to Monitoring and Responding to Potential New Threats is a valuable resource for health care professionals who are responsible for the medical management of blood services.

Education and Social Change in Latin America

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 113736663X
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Education and Social Change in Latin America by : S. Motta

Download or read book Education and Social Change in Latin America written by S. Motta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the multiple relationships between education, pedagogy, and social change in Latin America and beyond through a discussion of critical theory in education and its uses in Latin American society today. An international group of contributors discuss both individual countries and the region as a whole.

A Concise History of Bolivia

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139497502
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis A Concise History of Bolivia by : Herbert S. Klein

Download or read book A Concise History of Bolivia written by Herbert S. Klein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-31 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its first Spanish edition, Herbert Klein's A Concise History of Bolivia won immediate acceptance within Bolivia as the new standard history of this important nation. Surveying Bolivia's economic, social, cultural and political evolution from the arrival of early man in the Andes to the present, this current version brings the history of this society up to the present day, covering the fundamental changes that have occurred since the National Revolution of 1952 and the return of democracy in 1982. These changes have included the introduction of universal education and the rise of the mestizos and Indian populations to political power for the first time in national history. This second edition brings this story through the first administration of the first self-proclaimed Indian president in national history and the major changes that the government of Evo Morales has introduced in Bolivian society, politics and economics.