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Influence Of Freshwater Processes On Juvenile Chinook Salmon Size Movement And Outmigration Timing In The Chena River Alaska
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Book Synopsis Influence of Freshwater Processes on Juvenile Chinook Salmon Size, Movement, and Outmigration Timing in the Chena River, Alaska by : Olivia N. Edwards
Download or read book Influence of Freshwater Processes on Juvenile Chinook Salmon Size, Movement, and Outmigration Timing in the Chena River, Alaska written by Olivia N. Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have experienced population declines across their range in recent decades, including Alaska where they are a critical subsistence, commercial, and sport fish species. The Alaska Board of Fisheries has listed Yukon River Chinook salmon as a “stock of yield concern” since 2000 prompting the implementation of escapement goals for key spawning tributaries in 2001. Additionally, research efforts across the basin have increased to better understand potential mechanisms behind these declines and provide information to facilitate management decisions. To help fill a critical data gap in the overall understanding of the fishery, this research investigated various freshwater juvenile life history factors including patterns in post-emergence summer body size, movement, and fish size during spring outmigration in the Chena River, Alaska. This research also identified links between these biological factors and freshwater processes that are affected by climate change, including stream temperature and discharge, with the intention of documenting benchmark information as conditions continue to change. Juvenile Chinook Salmon movement among four key rearing areas was observed during summer and fall 2019 and early spring 2020. Despite differences in early summer size patterns, by the end of September mean fork lengths were not statistically different among all rearing areas (ANOVA; all P > 0.05). Additionally, mean September weight varied among six years of empirical data and ranged from 3.19 g in 2018 (0.03 SE) to a maximum of 5.10 g in 2009 (0.05 SE). September weight was simulated across years with variable stream temperatures and discharge (2003 to 2020) using a bioenergetics model, and compared to observed data. Weight simulations were within
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Growth and Migration Trends on the Survival and Recruitment of Chinook Salmon in Southeastern Alaska Rivers by : Stephanie Berkman
Download or read book Evaluation of Growth and Migration Trends on the Survival and Recruitment of Chinook Salmon in Southeastern Alaska Rivers written by Stephanie Berkman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly variable recruitment and declines in productivity and abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have created economic and cultural hardships for communities throughout Alaska. Although pre- and post-smolt growth are important for determining brood-year (BY) survival and productivity for Pacific salmon through size-mediated mortality, these relationships remain unclear for Chinook Salmon. As a result, it is necessary to better understand the relationships between environmental and biological factors that influence freshwater and marine growth, smolt outmigrations, and recruitment success. This study used retrospective growth to identify the importance of annual growth in determining BY survival and recruitment, determine if growth dependency between growth zones was present, and examine growth differences among age classes for Chinook Salmon in the Chilkat (BYs 1985 - 2007) and Stikine (BYs 1991 - 1998 and 2000 - 2007) rivers. Biological and environmental factors were also assessed to determine their influence on freshwater smolt production, smolt outmigration, and marine survival. Greater first-year marine growth was correlated with higher BY total return and productivity for Chinook Salmon from the Chilkat River and higher BY marine survival for Chinook Salmon from the Stikine River. Daily smolt outmigration of Chilkat River Chinook Salmon was positively correlated to water temperature and negatively correlated to discharge (Deviance explained = 68.5%), while timing of the start of outmigration was influenced by nearshore sea surface temperatures (R2 = 0.57) and timing of the mid and end points were positively related to smolt length (R2 = 0.72 and 0.34, respectively). Freshwater smolt production was negatively correlated to parr length and fall discharge and positively correlated to spring temperature and discharge (R2adj= 0.52). Marine survival of Stikine River Chinook Salmon was significantly related to smolt size (R2 = 0.26), while Chilkat River Chinook Salmon were positively related to migration timing and smolt length and negatively related to discharge (R2 = 0.5). These results support the importance of the early marine period in determining year-class strength and highlight the variation in mechanisms that influence recruitment success of Chinook Salmon stocks.
Book Synopsis Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) as an Indicator of Density-dependence in the Chena River by : Megan Tyler Perry
Download or read book Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) as an Indicator of Density-dependence in the Chena River written by Megan Tyler Perry and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In management of Pacific salmon, it is often assumed that density-dependent factors, mediated by the physical environment during freshwater residency, regulate population size prior to smolting and outmigration. However, in years following low escapement, temperature may be setting the upper limit on growth of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during the summer rearing period. Given the importance of juvenile salmon survival for the eventual adult population size, we require a greater understanding of how density-dependent and independent factors affect juvenile demography through time. In this study we tested the hypotheses that (1) juvenile chinook salmon in the Chena River are food limited, and (2) that freshwater growth of juvenile chinook salmon is positively related with marine survival. We tested the first hypotheses using an in-situ supplemental feeding experiment, and the second hypothesis by conducting a retrospective analysis on juvenile growth estimated using a bioenergetics model related to return per spawner estimates from a stock-recruit analysis. We did not find evidence of food limitation, nor evidence that marine survival is correlated with freshwater growth. However, we did find some evidence suggesting that growth during the freshwater rearing period may be limited by food availability following years when adult escapement is high.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Production and Emigration of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon from the Chiwawa River in 1998 by :
Download or read book Freshwater Production and Emigration of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon from the Chiwawa River in 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Outmigration Speed and Survival in Response to Habitat Features: Sacramento River from Knights Landing to Sacramento, California by : Natalie N McNair
Download or read book An Analysis of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Outmigration Speed and Survival in Response to Habitat Features: Sacramento River from Knights Landing to Sacramento, California written by Natalie N McNair and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outmigration is an important life stage for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) survival in the Sacramento River, and yet our understanding of their behavior and needs during this time is limited. To gain a better understanding of their survival and movement rates during outmigration, late fall run Chinook salmon smolts were tracked using acoustic telemetry techniques. Habitat features were measured and quantified throughout the study area to evaluate how Chinook salmon respond to key levee features including shade, instream woody material, and aquatic vegetation. The overall average movement speed through the entire study area was 0.77 m/s with an overall survival of 86%. Based on multiple linear regressions, vegetation was found to have the largest effect on speed with fish slowing down with increased vegetation cover. Shade, river mile, and velocity also had significant effects on movement speeds, but instream woody material was not significant. The result for woody material was surprising since it was anticipated to have a large impact on movement speeds. A positive correlation was found between faster fish movement speeds and higher survival. No evidence of diel movement patterns was found after releasing the fish. These finding can help managers create sites better designed to help Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River system. Results from this paper indicate that the type of woody material being installed might not be appropriate for this life stage of salmon.
Book Synopsis Health and Condition of Juvenile Chinook and Chum Salmon Near the Chena River Dam, Alaska by : Michael Joseph Daigneault
Download or read book Health and Condition of Juvenile Chinook and Chum Salmon Near the Chena River Dam, Alaska written by Michael Joseph Daigneault and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New 3-d Video Methods Reveal Novel Territorial Drift-feeding Behaviors that Help Explain Environmental Correlates of Chena River Chinook Salmon Productivity by : Jason Neuswanger
Download or read book New 3-d Video Methods Reveal Novel Territorial Drift-feeding Behaviors that Help Explain Environmental Correlates of Chena River Chinook Salmon Productivity written by Jason Neuswanger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are critical to subsistence and commerce in the Yukon River basin, but several recent years of low abundance have forced devastating fishery closures and raised urgent questions about causes of the decline. The Chena River subpopulation in interior Alaska has experienced a decline similar to that of the broader population. To evaluate possible factors affecting Chena River Chinook salmon productivity, I analyzed both population data and the behavior of individual fish during the summer they spend as fry drift feeding in the river. Using a stereo pair of high definition video cameras, I recorded the fine-scale behavior of schools of juvenile Chinook salmon associated with woody debris along the margins of the Chena River. I developed a software program called VidSync that recorded 3-D measurements with sub-millimeter accuracy and provided a streamlined workflow for the measurement of several thousand 3-D points of behavioral data (Chapter 1). Juvenile Chinook salmon spent 91% of their foraging attempts investigating and rejecting debris rather than capturing prey, which affects their energy intake rate and makes foraging attempt rate an unreliable indicator of foraging success (Chapter 2). Even though Chinook salmon were schooling, some were highly territorial within their 3-D school configurations, and many others maintained exclusive space-use behaviors consistent with the population regulatory effects of territoriality observed in other salmonids (Chapter 3). Finally, a twenty-year population time series from the Chena River and neighboring Salcha River contained evidence for negative density dependence and a strong negative effect of sustained high summer stream discharge on productivity (Chapter 4). The observed territoriality may explain the population's density dependence, and the effect of debris on foraging efficiency represents one of many potential mechanisms behind the negative effect of high stream discharge. In combination, these findings contribute to a statistically and mechanistically plausible explanation for the recent decline in Chena River Chinook salmon. If they are, in fact, major causes of the decline (other causes cannot be ruled out), then we can be tentatively hopeful that the population may be experiencing a natural lull in abundance from which a recovery is possible.
Book Synopsis Estimation of Abundance and Mortality of Emigrating Chum Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Chena River, Alaska by : Brent David Peterson
Download or read book Estimation of Abundance and Mortality of Emigrating Chum Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Chena River, Alaska written by Brent David Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Gas Supersaturated Columbia River Water on the Survival of Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon by : Theodore H. Blahm
Download or read book Effect of Gas Supersaturated Columbia River Water on the Survival of Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon written by Theodore H. Blahm and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Residency, Growth, and Outmigration Size of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Onchorhynchus Tshawytscha), Across Rearing Locations in the Shasta River, California by : Christing Mei Ling Roddam
Download or read book Residency, Growth, and Outmigration Size of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Onchorhynchus Tshawytscha), Across Rearing Locations in the Shasta River, California written by Christing Mei Ling Roddam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in stream water collected in March 2012 and 2013 were measured to be 0.704 (precision of 0.000031) and 0.706 (precision of 0.000019) for the upper basin and the lower basin respectively. Juvenile Chinook salmon that reared in the lower or upper basin are identifiable by the distinct differences in 87Sr/86Sr incorporated into the juvenile region of the otoliths. This creates a unique opportunity to determine the relative contribution of the two rearing areas to juvenile Chinook salmon production and, potentially, adult returns via analysis of juvenile and adult otoliths. Overall, I found consistent difference in the duration of residence, growth, and outmigration size between juvenile Chinook salmon that reared in the upper or lower Shasta River basin, irrespective of the location from which fish were initially sampled. Life history differences reflected differences in habitat conditions between the upper and lower basin. Additionally, this project demonstrated the potential use of otolith isotope analysis to identify the rearing location of juvenile Chinook salmon, which may affect marine survival and adult returns.
Book Synopsis Feasibility Report For: Landscape-scale Analysis of the Relationship Between Juvenile Chinook Size and Growth and Stream Temperature in Western Alaska by : Suresh A. Sethi
Download or read book Feasibility Report For: Landscape-scale Analysis of the Relationship Between Juvenile Chinook Size and Growth and Stream Temperature in Western Alaska written by Suresh A. Sethi and published by . This book was released on 2015* with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin temperature data were produced using a well-vetted method for generating radiometric surface termperatures using NASA Landsat thermal imergery. In examining the juvenile salmon forklength and temperature products, the authors feel confident in the ability to examine the interaction between juvenile chinook salmon ecology and freshwater temperatures in Alaska at the landscape scale.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneity and Bias in Abundance Estimates of Outmigrating Chinook Salmon in the Chena River, Alaska by : Ted Martelle Lambert
Download or read book Heterogeneity and Bias in Abundance Estimates of Outmigrating Chinook Salmon in the Chena River, Alaska written by Ted Martelle Lambert and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Food Habits, Growth and Emigration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from a Stream-pond Environment by : Jon Joseph Lauer
Download or read book The Food Habits, Growth and Emigration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from a Stream-pond Environment written by Jon Joseph Lauer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth, Residence, and Movement of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Within Restored and Reference Estuarine Marsh Channels in Salmon River, Oregon by : David K. Hering
Download or read book Growth, Residence, and Movement of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Within Restored and Reference Estuarine Marsh Channels in Salmon River, Oregon written by David K. Hering and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal wetland channels provide rearing habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon as they emigrate from freshwater habitat and prepare to enter the ocean. Widespread diking and drainage of estuarine marshes for agricultural and urban development may have contributed to a decline in salmon abundance in the Pacific Northwest, prompting efforts to restore estuarine salmon habitat in the region. I investigated the growth and residence patterns of age-0 Chinook salmon in two blind tidal channels in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon. One channel drained a natural high salt marsh in "reference" condition, and the other channel was in an adjacent salt marsh, restored to tidal inundation in 1996 after being diked and controlled by a tide gate for thirty five years. Recapture of individually marked fish indicated salmon growth rates were similar in the two channels, though growth rates varied more seasonally in the restored site. Average minimum residence times of individual fish were approximately ten days in each channel, and individual salmon were observed up to 79 and 117 days after initial marking in the reference and restored channels, respectively. To characterize movement of age-0 salmon within tidal channels, I tested the feasibility of stationary Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) detection within a small (approximately 8m wide) tidal channel within the natural marsh system. I found that a stationary PIT detector was an effective tool for monitoring tagged fish movement in a brackish water channel network. Salmon movements in the channel were asymmetrical about high slack tide, with peak movement frequency occurring late during both flood and ebb tide periods. Most movements were in the direction of tidal currents, but 20% of individuals entered the channel against the ebbing tide. Individuals occupied the intertidal channel for a median 4.9 hours and as long as 8.9 hours per tidal cycle, and few were detected moving when water depth was
Book Synopsis Time Series Analysis of Juvenile Salmon Outmigration, Discharge, and Turbidity in the Susitna River, Alaska by : Stephen S. Hale
Download or read book Time Series Analysis of Juvenile Salmon Outmigration, Discharge, and Turbidity in the Susitna River, Alaska written by Stephen S. Hale and published by . This book was released on 1985* with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Movement and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in California's Central Calley by : Gabriel P. Singer
Download or read book Movement and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in California's Central Calley written by Gabriel P. Singer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Riverine ecosystems around the world have undergone extensive anthropogenic alterations, often to the detriment of native aquatic biodiversity. Migratory fishes are particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation and degradation. For example, Chinook Salmon populations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, CA have been declining for nearly a century. Its Mediterranean climate, position in a landscape dominated by urban and agricultural land use, and the presence of an inland delta that serves as the hub of California's vast water conveyance system, makes this a particularly perilous region for migrating juvenile salmon. These studies use acoustic telemetry as tool to investigate survival and routing of juvenile fall and spring-run Chinook salmon during their riverine and estuarine migratory phases in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Survival to the ocean in these river systems is already lower relative to other Chinook Salmon populations in North American. Tracking studies included investigations of the sub-lethal effects of tagging fish with acoustic transmitters, movement ecology and survival of two distinct evolutionary significant units of Chinook Salmon during an historic drought, and the movement ecology and survival of a reintroduced population of Chinook Salmon in the San Joaquin River.
Book Synopsis A Rapid Assessment Method to Estimate the Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in an Interior Alaska River Basin by : Allison N. Matter
Download or read book A Rapid Assessment Method to Estimate the Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in an Interior Alaska River Basin written by Allison N. Matter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification and protection of water bodies used by anadromous species in Alaska are critical in light of increasing threats to fish populations, yet challenging given budgetary and logistical limitations. Non-invasive, rapid assessment sampling techniques may reduce costs and effort while increasing species detection efficiencies. I used an intrinsic potential (IP) habitat model to identify high quality Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing habitats and select sites to sample throughout the Chena River basin for juvenile occupancy using environmental DNA (eDNA) and distribution within tributaries using snorkel surveys. Water samples were collected from 75 tributary sites in 2014 and 2015. The presence of Chinook Salmon DNA in water samples was assessed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting that species. Snorkel surveys were conducted and physical habitat was measured for a subset of tributaries examined with the eDNA approach. Juvenile salmon were counted within 50 m reaches starting at the tributary confluence and continuing upstream until no juvenile salmon were observed. The IP model predicted over 900 stream km in the basin to support high quality (IP ≥ 0.75) rearing habitat. Occupancy estimation based on eDNA samples indicated that 80.2% (± 4.3 SE) of previously unsampled sites classified as high IP and 56.4% of previously unsampled sites classified as low IP were occupied. The probability of detection of Chinook Salmon DNA from three replicate water samples was high (0.76 ± 1.9 SE) but varied with drainage area. A power analysis indicated power to detect proportional changes in occupancy based on parameter values estimated from eDNA occupancy models. Results of snorkel surveys showed that the upper extent of juvenile Chinook Salmon within tributaries was from 200 to 1,350 m upstream of tributary confluences. Occurrence estimates based on eDNA and snorkel surveys generally agreed, but care should be taken to ensure that little temporal gap exists between samples as juvenile salmon use of tributary habitats is likely often intermittent. Overall, the combination of IP habitat modeling, occupancy estimation based on eDNA, and snorkel surveys provided a useful, rapid-assessment method to predict and subsequently quantify the distribution of juvenile salmon in previously unsampled tributary habitats. These methods will provide tools for managers to rapidly and efficiently map critical rearing habitats and prioritize sampling efforts to expand the known distribution of juvenile salmon in interior Alaska streams.
