Influence of environmental factors on the distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) and other soil arthropods in temperate deciduous forests

Download Influence of environmental factors on the distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) and other soil arthropods in temperate deciduous forests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736925557
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Influence of environmental factors on the distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) and other soil arthropods in temperate deciduous forests by : Marc Jabin

Download or read book Influence of environmental factors on the distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) and other soil arthropods in temperate deciduous forests written by Marc Jabin and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-04-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) and other soil arthropods in temperate deciduous forests was investigated in four complementary studies that covered a wide range of environmental parameters, including soil chemical properties and microclimatic parameters. The results of this study culminate in a multitude of implications for forest management which would help avoid an impoverishment of the soil fauna and a reduced productivity of forests. In two field studies, the distribution pattern of centipedes (Chilopoda) in primeval forests of Slovakia (Investigation I) and in managed forests of western Germany (Investigation II) was studied. The four primeval forests are located in two different mountain ranges (Kremnické vrchy and Pol’ana Mountains) and are exposed either on southern or northern slopes. The twelve managed forests are located in three different mountain ranges (Eifel, Bergisches Land, Westerwald) on either southern slopes, plateaus or northern slopes. In these sixteen forests, the influence of coarse woody debris (CWD) on centipede distribution was studied by distinguishing sampling sites on the forest floor close to CWD (c-CWD) and distant from CWD (d-CWD). In the four primeval forests (Investigation I), a total of 2,706 individuals from 20 species of centipedes were collected. Average species richness and number of individuals per forest ranged from 8 to 12 species/m² and from 244 to 486 individuals/m². The oak forests on southfacing slopes harboured several species which did not occur in the more northern exposed firbeech forests. The number of species as well as individuals, however, varied more within than between individual forests. Increase of species richness and density was mainly caused by the presence of CWD and was more pronounced on the southern slopes characterized by high temperatures and low precipitation than on the northern slopes characterized by low temperatures and high precipitation. However, CWD did not always increase species diversity in primeval forests. In the twelve managed forests (Investigation II), a total number of 2,876 individuals belonging to 22 species of centipedes were collected. The average species richness and number of individuals per forest ranged from 6 to 13 species/m² and from 40 to 237 individuals/m². The forests on northern slopes and plateaus harboured several species which did not occur on southern slopes. Species richness as well as density, however, varied more within than between individual forests. In total, more species and individuals were collected in c-CWD sites than in d-CWD sites. The positive effect of CWD was observed in all aspects of slope. The diversity according to rarefaction analysis corresponded to the results obtained for density and species richness and was higher at sites c-CWD. The effect of soil chemistry on centipedes and other soil organisms was studied in deciduous forests of western Germany (Investigation III). Kiln areas offer the opportunity to investigate small-scale effects of soil chemistry. The investigation was performed in three forests (Kermeter, Arzbach, Loope). The Ah-horizon in kiln areas (kilns) was generally characterized by higher levels of basic cations, nitrogen, carbon and higher (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratios than soil samples taken distant from kilns (>10 m from kiln edge; control sites). Additionally, most soil parameters were affected by forest, as the highest contents were found in Kermeter and lowest in Loope. Microbial activity was higher at kilns than at control sites, but microbial biomass was not affected. Forest had a strong effect on microbial activity and biomass. In contrast to soil chemical parameters and microbial parameters, soil fauna was mostly unaffected by charcoal accumulation at kilns. However, arthropods with a calcareous exoskeleton (Isopoda and Diplopoda) showed higher abundances at kilns than at control sites in two of the three forests. A significant influence of forest on the distribution pattern of Oribatei, Collembola, Chilopoda, Isopoda, Diplopoda and Coleoptera larvae was found. The macrofauna showed highest densities in Arzbach and lowest densities in Loope, whereas mesofauna showed highest densities in Loope and lowest densities in Arzbach. For microbial parameters, the highest correlations were found for the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio. Arthropods with a calcareous exoskeleton demonstrated the highest correlations within the soil fauna, as they were positively correlated to pH-value and (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio. In a field experiment (Investigation IV), the litter mass of the forest floor was manipulated to determine the effects of microclimate on the abundance of macroarthropods. Litter accumulation treatments were performed distant from (+litter) and close to (+litter+logs) fallen logs. The investigation was performed in two forests (Arzbach, Elbert) of the Westerwald (Germany). In the litter layer, increased mean temperatures during the cold season and decreased mean temperatures during the warm season were found when compared to macroclimatic data. Minimum and maximum temperatures were buffered in litter accumulation treatments. The mean moisture content of litter was higher in litter accumulation treatments. Litter accumulation also significantly increased the abundances of Araneida, Pseudoscorpionida, Diplopoda, Lithobiomorpha, Geophilomorpha, Isopoda and Coleoptera and the species richness of centipedes in +litter treatments. The abundances of Geophilomorpha, Isopoda and Coleoptera showed a further increase in +litter+log treatments. A stepwise linear regression revealed strong correlations between microclimate and litterdwelling macroarthropods. At least in one season, Isopoda and adult Coleoptera preferred sites in which the daily temperature range was low. The abundance of Lithobiomorpha and Diplopoda was correlated to the moisture content of leaf litter. Although fallen logs did not directly influence the abundance of most litter-dwellingarthropods, they had an indirect effect by causing an increase of litter mass and, hence, by improving the microclimatic environment of the forest floor.

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests

Download Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3867275556
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (672 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests by : Marc Jabin

Download or read book Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests written by Marc Jabin and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Biology of Centipedes

Download The Biology of Centipedes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521034116
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Biology of Centipedes by : J. G. E. Lewis

Download or read book The Biology of Centipedes written by J. G. E. Lewis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of centipede biology providing a critical review of the work on this subject.

Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions

Download Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030452166
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat

Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests

Download Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1422345688
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests by :

Download or read book Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems

Download Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811015244
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems by : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy

Download or read book Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems written by Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthropods are invertebrates that constitute over 90% of the animal kingdom, and their bio-ecology is closely linked with global functioning and survival. Arthropods play an important role in maintaining the health of ecosystems, provide livelihoods and nutrition to human communities, and are important indicators of environmental change. Yet the population trends of several arthropods species show them to be in decline. Arthropods constitute a dominant group with 1.2 million species influencing earth’s biodiversity. Among arthropods, insects are predominant, with ca. 1 million species and having evolved some 350 million years ago. Arthropods are closely associated with living and non-living entities alike, making the ecosystem services they provide crucially important. In order to be effective, plans for the conservation of arthropods and ecosystems should include a mixture of strategies like protecting key habitats and genomic studies to formulate relevant policies for in situ and ex situ conservation. This two-volume book focuses on capturing the essentials of arthropod inventories, biology, and conservation. Further, it seeks to identify the mechanisms by which arthropod populations can be sustained in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and by means of which certain problematic species be managed without producing harmful environmental side-effects. This edited compilation includes chapters contributed by over 80 biologists on a wide range of topics embracing the diversity, distribution, utility and conservation of arthropods and select groups of insect taxa. More importantly, it describes in detail the mechanisms of sustaining arthropod ecosystems, services and populations. It addresses the contribution of modern biological tools such as molecular and genetic techniques regulating gene expression, as well as conventional, indigenous practices in arthropod conservation. The contributors reiterate the importance of documenting and understanding the biology of arthropods from a holistic perspective before addressing conservation issues at large. This book offers a valuable resource for all zoologists, entomologists, ecologists, conservation biologists, policy makers, teachers and students interested in the conservation of biological resources.

Multitrophic Level Interactions

Download Multitrophic Level Interactions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521791106
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multitrophic Level Interactions by : Teja Tscharntke

Download or read book Multitrophic Level Interactions written by Teja Tscharntke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multitrophic level approach to ecology addresses the complexity of food webs much more realistically than the traditional focus on simple systems and interactions. Only in the last few decades have ecologists become interested in the nature of more complex systems including tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Plants may directly influence the behaviour of their herbivores' natural enemies, ecological interactions between two species are often indirectly mediated by a third species, landscape structure directly affects local tritrophic interactions and below-ground food webs are vital to above-ground organisms. The relative importance of top-down effects (control by predators) and bottom-up effects (control by resources) must also be determined. These interactions are explored in this exciting volume by expert researchers from a variety of ecological fields. This book provides a much-needed synthesis of multitrophic level interactions and serves as a guide for future research for ecologists of all descriptions.

Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe

Download Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789546425553
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (255 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe by : Alain Roques

Download or read book Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe written by Alain Roques and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment

Download Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387952499
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (524 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment by : Osvaldo E. Sala

Download or read book Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment written by Osvaldo E. Sala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-08-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climatic change, conservation biology

Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects

Download Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401713391
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects by : M.S. Mani

Download or read book Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects written by M.S. Mani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my book Introduction to High Altitude Entomology, published in 1962, I summa rized the results of eight years' studies, mainly on the Himalaya. I have since then had the opportunity of studying the collections of high altitude insects from the Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, Urals, Alai-Pamirs, Tien Shan, Altai and other im portant mountains of the world in different museums and institutions in Europe. Through the courtesy and generosity of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, I was also able to personally collect insects and make valuable field observations on the Caucasus, the Alai-Pamirs, Ala-Tau and the Tien Shan mountains. Through comparative studies I have tried to synthesize the fundamental principles of high altitude entomology. I have described here the distinctive characters of the high altitude environment, the ecological specializations of the high altitude insects, their ecological inter relations and the outstanding peculiarities of their biogeography. I have also pre sented here an outline of the high altitude entomology of the principal mountains of the world, with brief accounts of their orogeny, geology and vegetation. This book differs from all other contributions in the field in its comparative ecological approach and in the fact that the main emphasis is throughout on the evolution of the high altitude ecosystem as an integral part of the orogeny. High mountains are, in all parts of the world, important and independent centres of origin and differ entiation of distinctive and highly specialized ecosystems and faunas.

Fundamentals of Soil Ecology

Download Fundamentals of Soil Ecology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0121797260
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (217 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Soil Ecology by : David C. Coleman

Download or read book Fundamentals of Soil Ecology written by David C. Coleman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004-07-19 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Encyclopedia of Biology

Download Encyclopedia of Biology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1438109997
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Biology by : Don Rittner

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Biology written by Don Rittner and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2004-08 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains approximately 800 alphabetical entries, prose essays on important topics, line illustrations, and black-and-white photographs.

Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science

Download Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135455082
Total Pages : 1971 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science by : John Gunn

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science written by John Gunn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 1971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries. The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves, art in caves, hydrology and groundwater, cave and karst history, and conservation and management. The Encyclopedia is extensively illustrated with photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables, and has thematic content lists and a comprehensive index to facilitate searching and browsing.

Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World

Download Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535107194
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World by : Gbolagade Akeem Lameed

Download or read book Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World written by Gbolagade Akeem Lameed and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book "Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World" sees biodiversity as management and utilization of resources in satisfying human needs in multi-sectional areas including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, wildlife and other exhaustible and inexhaustible resources. Its value is to fulfill actual human preferences and variability of life is measured by amount of genetic variation available. In viewing diversity as an ultimate moral value, one is faced with a situation in environmental preservation in order to allow components of total diversity to flourish and constitute a threat to continuous existence and decrease total diversity. The overall importance described economic benefits from bio-diversity, though difficult to measure and varying, but are limited on a local scale, increase on a regional or national scale and become potentially substantial on a transnational or global scale.

Physiological Ecology of Animals

Download Physiological Ecology of Animals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780632014941
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (149 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physiological Ecology of Animals by : R. M. Sibly

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Animals written by R. M. Sibly and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evolution of Nervous Systems

Download Evolution of Nervous Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128040963
Total Pages : 2064 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evolution of Nervous Systems by : Georg F. Striedter

Download or read book Evolution of Nervous Systems written by Georg F. Striedter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 2064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion

Plant Geography of Chile

Download Plant Geography of Chile PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048187486
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Geography of Chile by : Andres Moreira-Munoz

Download or read book Plant Geography of Chile written by Andres Moreira-Munoz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and so far only Plant Geography of Chile was written about 100 years ago, since when many things have changed: plants have been renamed and reclassified; taxonomy and systematics have experienced deep changes as have biology, geography, and biogeography. The time is therefore ripe for a new look at Chile’s plants and their distribution. Focusing on three key issues – botany/systematics, geography and biogeographical analysis – this book presents a thoroughly updated synthesis both of Chilean plant geography and of the different approaches to studying it. Because of its range – from the neotropics to the temperate sub-Antarctic – Chile’s flora provides a critical insight into evolutionary patterns, particularly in relation to the distribution along the latitudinal profiles and the global geographical relationships of the country’s genera. The consequences of these relations for the evolution of the Chilean Flora are discussed. This book will provide a valuable resource for both graduate students and researchers in botany, plant taxonomy and systematics, biogeography, evolutionary biology and plant conservation.