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Indirect Liquefaction Of Biomass To Transportation Fuels Via Mixed Oxygenated Intermediates
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Book Synopsis Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass to Transportation Fuels Via Mixed Oxygenated Intermediates by :
Download or read book Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass to Transportation Fuels Via Mixed Oxygenated Intermediates written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of four emerging conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates. The processing steps include: biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation.
Book Synopsis Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass to Transportation Fuels Via Mixed Oxygenated Intermediates by :
Download or read book Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass to Transportation Fuels Via Mixed Oxygenated Intermediates written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of four emerging conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates. The processing steps include: biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation.
Book Synopsis Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbons Via Indirect Liquefaction. Thermochemical Research Pathway to High-Octane Gasoline Blendstock Through Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Intermediates by :
Download or read book Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbons Via Indirect Liquefaction. Thermochemical Research Pathway to High-Octane Gasoline Blendstock Through Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Intermediates written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was developed as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office's (BETO's) efforts to enable the development of technologies for the production of infrastructure-compatible, cost-competitive liquid hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks. The research funded by BETO is designed to advance the state of technology of biomass feedstock supply and logistics, conversion, and overall system sustainability. It is expected that these research improvements will be made within the 2022 timeframe. As part of their involvement in this research and development effort, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory investigate the economics of conversion pathways through the development of conceptual biorefinery process models and techno-economic analysis models. This report describes in detail one potential conversion process for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass. The processing steps of this pathway include the conversion of biomass to synthesis gas or syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, catalytic conversion of syngas to methanol intermediate, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME), and catalytic conversion of DME to high-octane, gasoline-range hydrocarbon blendstock product. The conversion process configuration leverages technologies previously advanced by research funded by BETO and demonstrated in 2012 with the production of mixed alcohols from biomass. Biomass-derived syngas cleanup via reforming of tars and other hydrocarbons is one of the key technology advancements realized as part of this prior research and 2012 demonstrations. The process described in this report evaluates a new technology area for the downstream utilization of clean biomass-derived syngas for the production of high-octane hydrocarbon products through methanol and DME intermediates. In this process, methanol undergoes dehydration to DME, which is subsequently converted via homologation reactions to high-octane, gasoline-range hydrocarbon products.
Book Synopsis Comparative TEA for Indirect Liquefaction Pathways to Distillate-Range Fuels Via Oxygenated Intermediates by :
Download or read book Comparative TEA for Indirect Liquefaction Pathways to Distillate-Range Fuels Via Oxygenated Intermediates written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of five conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates (derived either via thermochemical or biochemical conversion steps). The four emerging pathways of interest are compared with one conventional pathway (Fischer-Tropsch) for the production of the hydrocarbon blendstocks. The processing steps of the four emerging pathways include: biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates, followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. We show that the emerging pathways via oxygenated intermediates have the potential to be cost competitive with the conventional Fischer-Tropsch process. The evaluated pathways and the benchmark process generally exhibit similar fuel yields and carbon conversion efficiencies. The resulting minimum fuel selling prices are comparable to the benchmark at approximately $3.60 per gallon-gasoline equivalent, with potential for two new pathways to be more economically competitive. Additionally, the coproduct values can play an important role in the economics of the processes with oxygenated intermediates derived via syngas fermentation. Major cost drivers for the integrated processes are tied to achievable fuel yields and conversion efficiency of the intermediate steps, i.e., the production of oxygenates/alcohols from syngas and the conversion of oxygenates/alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels.
Book Synopsis Comparative TEA for Indirect Liquefaction Pathways to Distillate-Range Fuels via Oxygenated Intermediates by :
Download or read book Comparative TEA for Indirect Liquefaction Pathways to Distillate-Range Fuels via Oxygenated Intermediates written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of five conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates (derived either via thermochemical or biochemical conversion steps). The four emerging pathways of interest are compared with one conventional pathway (Fischer-Tropsch) for the production of the hydrocarbon blendstocks. The processing steps of the four emerging pathways include: biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates, followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. We show that the emerging pathways via oxygenated intermediates have the potential to be cost competitive with the conventional Fischer-Tropsch process. The evaluated pathways and the benchmark process generally exhibit similar fuel yields and carbon conversion efficiencies. The resulting minimum fuel selling prices are comparable to the benchmark at approximately $3.60 per gallon-gasoline equivalent, with potential for two new pathways to be more economically competitive. Additionally, the coproduct values can play an important role in the economics of the processes with oxygenated intermediates derived via syngas fermentation. Major cost drivers for the integrated processes are tied to achievable fuel yields and conversion efficiency of the intermediate steps, i.e., the production of oxygenates/alcohols from syngas and the conversion of oxygenates/alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels.
Book Synopsis America's Energy Future by : National Research Council
Download or read book America's Energy Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Energy touches our lives in countless ways and its costs are felt when we fill up at the gas pump, pay our home heating bills, and keep businesses both large and small running. There are long-term costs as well: to the environment, as natural resources are depleted and pollution contributes to global climate change, and to national security and independence, as many of the world's current energy sources are increasingly concentrated in geopolitically unstable regions. The country's challenge is to develop an energy portfolio that addresses these concerns while still providing sufficient, affordable energy reserves for the nation. The United States has enormous resources to put behind solutions to this energy challenge; the dilemma is to identify which solutions are the right ones. Before deciding which energy technologies to develop, and on what timeline, we need to understand them better. America's Energy Future analyzes the potential of a wide range of technologies for generation, distribution, and conservation of energy. This book considers technologies to increase energy efficiency, coal-fired power generation, nuclear power, renewable energy, oil and natural gas, and alternative transportation fuels. It offers a detailed assessment of the associated impacts and projected costs of implementing each technology and categorizes them into three time frames for implementation.
Book Synopsis Liquid Transportation Fuels Via Large-scale Fluidised-bed Gasification of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Ilkka Hannula
Download or read book Liquid Transportation Fuels Via Large-scale Fluidised-bed Gasification of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Ilkka Hannula and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Production of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass-derived Syngas Via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Janet Skitt
Download or read book Production of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass-derived Syngas Via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Janet Skitt and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Process of Producing Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels from Biomass by :
Download or read book Process of Producing Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels from Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuous thermochemical indirect liquefaction process to convert various biomass materials into diesel-type transportation fuels which fuels are compatible with current engine designs and distribution systems comprising feeding said biomass into a circulating solid fluidized bed gasification system to produce a synthesis gas containing olefins, hydrogen and carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing the synthesis gas into a catalytic liquefaction system to convert the synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbon fuel consisting essentially of C.sub. 7 -C.sub. 17 paraffinic hydrocarbons having cetane indices of 50+.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Biomass-derived Oxygenated Compounds to Hydrocarbon Fuels and Commodity Chemicals Using Solid Acid Catalysts by :
Download or read book Conversion of Biomass-derived Oxygenated Compounds to Hydrocarbon Fuels and Commodity Chemicals Using Solid Acid Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the development and utilization of renewable resources carry tremendous strategic significance in sustaining society's ever-growing needs for energy and materials in the long run. Amongst all forms of renewable energy resources, biomass assumes the unique position of being the only renewable source of carbon, from which liquid transportation fuels and organic chemicals are produced. The present thesis studies the catalytic conversion of key oxygenated platform molecules derived from the cellulose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass using solid acid catalysts to produce hydrocarbon fuels and commodity chemicals. A catalytic route was first developed to convert an aqueous stream of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) over two solid acid catalysts into liquid alkenes with potential application as jet or diesel fuel precursors. In this process, GVL was nearly quantitatively decarboxylated into a stream of butene, which allowed for the use of well-established olefin oligomerization chemistry to produce C8+ hydrocarbons with overall yields over 60%. Kinetic studies on the inter-conversion between GVL and pentenoic acids and their decarboxylation led to the development of a computerized model that satisfactorily captures experimental trends and thus can serve as a useful tool in reactor design and process optimization. Experimental evidences obtained at short space times revealed that 1-butene was the primary decarboyxlation product. Based on this observation, solid Lewis acid catalysts were used to achieve selective production of 1-butene via GVL decarboxylation by effectively suppressing isomerization of the terminal olefin. Alternatively, GVL was converted into pentanoic acid by consecutive ring opening and hydrogenation over a bifunctional palladium-niobia catalyst. Pentanoic acid was further upgraded via ketonization reaction to form nonanone for use as diesel precursors. Therein, commercial niobia was found to crystallize and lose its surface area under hydrothermal conditions. Two niobia-silica composite materials were synthesized which showed significant improvement in hydrothermal stability. Finally, a highly selective process was developed to convert furanics, including 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-methylfuran and furan into p-xylene, toluene and benzene, respectively, through Diels-Alder type cycloaddition with ethylene followed by dehydration. Tungstated zirconia was identified as a highly efficient catalyst for this reaction due to its high Brønsted acidity.
Book Synopsis Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion by : A.V. Bridgwater
Download or read book Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion written by A.V. Bridgwater and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference is the second such meeting under the auspices of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. The first lEA sponsored Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Conference was held in Estes Park in 1982 and attracted 153 delegates from 13 countries around the world at a time when interest in biomass derived energy was at a peak. Since then oil prices have fallen considerably and with most prognoses for level prices until the end of the century, there has been a significant downturn in support for biomass conversion technologies. It has been particularly encouraging, therefore, to have received such an excellent response to this meeting. A total of 122 papers were offered, and 135 delegates registered for the conference from 19 countries. The theme of this meeting was Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion to reflect the advances made in research, development, demonstration and com mercialisation since the Fundamentals meeting in 1982. The programme was divided into sections on fundamental research, applied research, and demonstration and commercial activities to emphasise the interaction and roles of all levels of research in supporting the eventual commercial implementation. The layout of the pro ceedings reflects this same pattern, with an introductory section on status and technoeconomics to identify opportunities and constraints in different parts of the world. All the papers included in these proceedings have been subjected to the usual peer review process to ensure the highest standards.
Book Synopsis Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels by : Susanne Jones
Download or read book Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels written by Susanne Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a proposed thermochemical process for converting biomass into liquid transportation fuels via fast pyrolysis followed by hydroprocessing of the condensed pyrolysis oil. As such, the analysis does not reflect the current state of commercially-available technology but includes advancements that are likely, and targeted to be achieved by 2017. The purpose of this study is to quantify the economic impact of individual conversion targets to allow a focused effort towards achieving cost reductions.
Book Synopsis Indirect Thermal Liquefaction Process for Producing Liquid Fuels from Biomass by :
Download or read book Indirect Thermal Liquefaction Process for Producing Liquid Fuels from Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A progress report on an indirect liquefaction process to convert biomass type materials to quality liquid hydrocarbon fuels by gasification followed by catalytic liquid fuels synthesis has been presented. A wide variety of feedstocks can be processed through the gasification system to a gas with a heating value of 500 + Btu/SCF. Some feedstocks are more attractive than others with regard to producing a high olefin content. This appears to be related to hydrocarbon content of the material. The H2/CO ratio can be manipulated over a wide range in the gasification system with steam addition. Some feedstocks require the aid of a water-gas shift catalyst while others appear to exhibit an auto-catalytic effect to achieve the conversion. H2S content (beyond the gasification system wet scrubber) is negligible for the feedstocks surveyed. The water gas shift reaction appears to be enhanced with an increase in pyrolysis reactor temperature over the range of 1300 to 1700°F. Reactor temperature in the Fischer-Tropsch step is a significant factor with regard to manipulating product composition analysis. The optimum temperature however will probably correspond to maximum conversion to liquid hydrocarbons in the C5 - C1-- range. Continuing research includes integrated system performance assessment, alternative feedstock characterization (through gasification) and factor studies for gasification (e.g., catalyst usage, alternate heat transfer media, steam usage, recycle effects, residence time study) and liquefaction (e.g., improved catalysts, catalyst activity characterization).
Book Synopsis Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction and Deoxygenation of Biomass for Renewable Fuel Production by : Sergiy Popov
Download or read book Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction and Deoxygenation of Biomass for Renewable Fuel Production written by Sergiy Popov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomass Indirect Liquefaction Strategy Workshop Summary Report by :
Download or read book Biomass Indirect Liquefaction Strategy Workshop Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is based on the proceedings of the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office Biomass Indirect Liquefaction Strategy Workshop. The workshop, held March 20-21, 2014, in Golden, Colorado, discussed and detailed the research and development needs for biomass indirect liquefaction. Discussions focused on pathways that convert biomass-based syngas (or any carbon monoxide, hydrogen gaseous stream) to liquid intermediates (alcohols or acids) and further synthesize those intermediates to liquid hydrocarbons that are compatible as either a refinery feed or neat fuel.
Book Synopsis Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels by : Susanne Jones
Download or read book Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels written by Susanne Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a proposed thermochemical process for converting biomass into liquid transportation fuels via fast pyrolysis followed by hydroprocessing of the condensed pyrolysis oil. As such, the analysis does not reflect the current state of commercially-available technology but includes advancements that are likely, and targeted to be achieved by 2017. The purpose of this study is to quantify the economic impact of individual conversion targets to allow a focused effort towards achieving cost reductions.
Book Synopsis Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass by :
Download or read book Indirect Liquefaction of Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indirect liquefaction of biomass is accomplished by first gasifying it to produce a synthesis gas consisting of hydrogen and oxides of carbon, which in turn are converted to any one of a number of liquid fuels and/or chemicals by suitable choice of catalyst, synthesis gas composition and reaction conditions. This approach to producing synthetic fuels and chemicals has been extensively investigated where coal is the carbonaceous feed material, but less so for biomass or other feedstocks. It is generally recognized that the gasification to produce the synthesis gas posses one of the major technical and economic challenges to improving this technology. Herein, is reported a different slant on the indirect liquefaction that could lead to improvements in the efficiency and economics of the process.
