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Income Income Distribution And Public Education Policies
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Book Synopsis Public Policy and the Income Distribution by : Alan J. Auerbach
Download or read book Public Policy and the Income Distribution written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-01-23 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Public Policy and the Income Distribution tackles many of the most difficult and intriguing questions about how government intervention - or lack thereof - has affected the incomes of everyday Americans. The twentieth century was remarkable in the extent to which advances in public policy helped improve the economic well being of Americans. Synthesizing existing knowledge on the effectiveness of public policy and contributing valuable new research, Public Policy and the Income Distribution examines public policy's successes, and points out the areas in which progress remains to be made."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Income, Income Distribution, and Public Education Policies by : Lei Zhang
Download or read book Income, Income Distribution, and Public Education Policies written by Lei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Inequality and Higher Education by : Stacy Dickert-Conlin
Download or read book Economic Inequality and Higher Education written by Stacy Dickert-Conlin and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast disparities in college attendance and graduation rates between students from different class backgrounds is a growing social concern. Economic Inequality and Higher Education investigates the connection between income inequality and unequal access to higher education, and proposes solutions that the state and federal governments and schools themselves can undertake to make college accessible to students from all backgrounds. Economic Inequality and Higher Education convenes experts from the fields of education, economics, and public policy to assess the barriers that prevent low-income students from completing college. For many students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, the challenge isn't getting into college, but getting out with a degree. Helping this group will require improving the quality of education in the community colleges and lower-tier public universities they are most likely to attend. Documenting the extensive disjuncture between the content of state-mandated high school testing and college placement exams, Michael Kirst calls for greater alignment between K-12 and college education. Amanda Pallais and Sarah Turner examine barriers to access at elite universities for low-income students—including tuition costs, lack of information, and poor high school records—as well as recent initiatives to increase socioeconomic diversity at private and public universities. Top private universities have increased the level and transparency of financial aid, while elite public universities have focused on outreach, mentoring, and counseling, and both sets of reforms show signs of success. Ron Ehrenberg notes that financial aid policies in both public and private universities have recently shifted towards merit-based aid, away from the need-based aid that is most helpful to low-income students. Ehrenberg calls on government policy makers to create incentives for colleges to increase their representation of low-income students. Higher education is often vaunted as the primary engine of upward mobility. Instead, as inequality in America rises, colleges may be reproducing income disparities from one generation to the next. Economic Inequality and Higher Education illuminates this worrisome trend and suggests reforms that educational institutions and the government must implement to make the dream of a college degree a reality for all motivated students.
Book Synopsis Income Distribution, Communities and the Quality of Public Education by : Raquel Fernandez (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Income Distribution, Communities and the Quality of Public Education written by Raquel Fernandez (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes within the context of a multicommunity model the effects of several policies that affect the financing of public education. The key features of the model are: (I) individuals differ with respect to income, (ii) individuals choose in which community to reside, (iii) communities are characterized by a proportional tax on income and a quality of public education, and (iv) a community's tax rate is chosen by majority vote. We examine three types of policies: subsidies for residency of specific income groups in particular communities, ceilings or floors on community level educational spending, and income redistribution. In each case we examine the consequences of these policies for both welfare and the quality of education across communities. We identify several policies which make all individuals better off and increase the quality of education in all communities
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Education by : Mark Gradstein
Download or read book The Political Economy of Education written by Mark Gradstein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-10-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical framework for analyzing the complex relationship of education, growth, and income distribution. The dominant role played by the state in the financing, regulation, and provision of primary and secondary education reflects the widely-held belief that education is necessary for personal and societal well-being. The economic organization of education depends on political as well as market mechanisms to resolve issues that arise because of contrasting views on such matters as income inequality, social mobility, and diversity. This book provides the theoretical framework necessary for understanding the political economy of education—the complex relationship of education, economic growth, and income distribution—and for formulating effective policies to improve the financing and provision of education. The relatively simple models developed illustrate the use of analytical tools for understanding central policy issues. After offering a historical overview of the development of public education and a review of current econometric evidence on education, growth, and income distribution, the authors lay the theoretical groundwork for the main body of analysis. First they develop a basic static model of how political decisions determine education spending; then they extend this model dynamically. Applying this framework to a comparison of education financing under different regimes, the authors explore fiscal decentralization; individual choice between public and private schooling, including the use of education vouchers to combine public financing of education with private provision; and the social dimension of education—its role in state-building, the traditional "melting pot" that promotes cohesion in a culturally diverse society.
Book Synopsis Public Policies and Education, Economic Growth and Income Distribution by : Günther Rehme
Download or read book Public Policies and Education, Economic Growth and Income Distribution written by Günther Rehme and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Education and Its Relation to Economic Growth, Poverty, and Income Distribution by : Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Download or read book Education and Its Relation to Economic Growth, Poverty, and Income Distribution written by Jandhyala B. G. Tilak and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents an extensive survey of empirical research evidence on the role of education in economic growth, poverty and income distribution. The author presents new analysis of more recent cross nation data on education and income distribution. The analysis uses lagged variables on education which reconfirms some of the well established theses on the role of education in improving income distribution. It also indicates that with significant improvements in educational levels, the threshold level of education to significantly contribute to income distribution could change from primary to secondary education. The author also questions some of the doubts expressed by critics in this context and reasserts that, on the whole, education is an important policy instrument that can be looked upon with hope towards improving inequities.
Book Synopsis Income Distribution and Public Education by : Raquel Fernandez
Download or read book Income Distribution and Public Education written by Raquel Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many states have or are considering implementing school finance reforms aimed at lessening inequality in the provision of public education across communities. These reforms will tend to have complicated aggregate effects on income distribution, intergenerational income mobility, and welfare. In order to analyze the potential effects of such reforms, this paper constructs a dynamic general equilibrium model of public education provision, calibrates it using US data, and examines the quantitative effects of a major school finance reform. The policy reform examined is a change from a system of pure local finance to one in which all funding is done at the federal level and expenditures per student are equal across communities. We find that this policy increases average income and total spending on education as a fraction of income. Moreover, there are large welfare gains associated with this policy; steady-state welfare increases by 3.2% of steady-state income.
Book Synopsis Poverty, Income Distribution, the Family, and Public Policy by :
Download or read book Poverty, Income Distribution, the Family, and Public Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequality in Education by : Donald B. Holsinger
Download or read book Inequality in Education written by Donald B. Holsinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-29 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality in Education: Comparative and International Perspectives is a compilation of conceptual chapters and national case studies that includes a series of methods for measuring education inequalities. The book provides up-to-date scholarly research on global trends in the distribution of formal schooling in national populations. It also offers a strategic comparative and international education policy statement on recent shifts in education inequality, and new approaches to explore, develop and improve comparative education and policy research globally. Contributing authors examine how education as a process interacts with government finance policy to form patterns of access to education services. In addition to case perspectives from 18 countries across six geographic regions, the volume includes six conceptual chapters on topics that influence education inequality, such as gender, disability, language and economics, and a summary chapter that presents new evidence on the pernicious consequences of inequality in the distribution of education. The book offers (1) a better and more holistic understanding of ways to measure education inequalities; and (2) strategies for facing the challenge of inequality in education in the processes of policy formation, planning and implementation at the local, regional, national and global levels.
Book Synopsis Can Education Reduce Income Disparities? by : Seppo Nurmi
Download or read book Can Education Reduce Income Disparities? written by Seppo Nurmi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. has the most unequal income distribution among the developed nations and the income disparities are increasing. They will likely lead to an increasingly polarized political landscape that needs to be addressed as a matter of policy and principle. There are wide disagreements as to what measures could possibly decrease income disparities but education has been widely regarded as a useful tool. The thesis addresses globalization and its effects on the American life and society, factors influencing income disparities, and how education and other policy measures could reduce income inequality. Income inequalities are influenced by various factors, including technological change, globalization, demographics, and social factor. Education is currently the strongest policy instrument in the U.S. to address income disparities because it has wide political support as providing the principal means of upward social mobility and opportunity to all. The past history also shows that education has helped reduce income disparities, or at least slowed down the increases. The current Administration has established a strong education policy that combines actors and measures from both the public and private sectors. The main elements of the education reform are the improvement of the quality of education, accountability and efficiency, higher completion rates in high school and college, and broader access to post secondary education. Education is not, however, sufficient by itself to structurally change income distribution. Other strong policy measures are, however, not politically feasible because the American public and policymakers remain divided on how much government should influence income distribution. This is reflected on their views on the effectiveness and desirability of redistributive policy measures such as progressive taxation, transfers, and other social policy measures. Therefore, the educational efforts are the most important policy measures in the coming years, but not necessarily by their greater impact but by virtue of political feasibility.
Book Synopsis Education, Income Distribution, and Growth by : Roland Benabou
Download or read book Education, Income Distribution, and Growth written by Roland Benabou and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a simple model of human capital accumulation and community formation by heterogeneous families, which provides an integrated framework for analyzing the local determinants of inequality and growth. Five main conclusions emerge. First, minor differences in education technologies, preferences, or wealth can lead to a high degree of stratification. Imperfect capital markets are not necessary, but will compound these other sources. Second, stratification makes inequality in education and income more persistent across generations. Whether or not the same is true of inequality in total wealth depends on the ability of the rich to appropriate the rents created by their secession. Third, the polarization of urban areas resulting from individual residential decisions can be quite inefficient, both from the point of view of aggregate growth and in the Pareto sense, especially in the long run. Fourth, when state-wide equalization of school expenditures is insufficient to reduce stratification, it may improve educational achievement in poor communities much less than it lowers it in richer communities; thus average academic performance and income growth both fall. Yet it may still be possible for education policy to improve both equity and efficiency. Fifth, because of the cumulative nature of the stratification process, it is likely to be much harder to reverse once it has run its course than to arrest it at an early stage.
Book Synopsis Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries by : Mr.Ke-young Chu
Download or read book Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries written by Mr.Ke-young Chu and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews income distribution in developing (and transition) countries in recent decades. On average, before-tax income distribution in developing countries is less unequal than in industrial countries. However, unlike industrial countries, developing countries in general have not been able to use tax and transfer policies effectively to reduce income inequality. During the 1980s and 1990s, many developing countries experienced an increase in income inequality. The government health care and primary and secondary education programs in developing countries are not well targeted, but their incidence tends to be progressive.
Book Synopsis The American Distribution of Income by : Lester C. Thurow
Download or read book The American Distribution of Income written by Lester C. Thurow and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth by : Mark Gradstein
Download or read book The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth written by Mark Gradstein and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Income Distribution, Communitities and the Quality of Public Education by : Raquel Fernandez
Download or read book Income Distribution, Communitities and the Quality of Public Education written by Raquel Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Can Educational Policy Equalise Income Distribution in Latin America? by : Martin Carnoy
Download or read book Can Educational Policy Equalise Income Distribution in Latin America? written by Martin Carnoy and published by Saxon House. This book was released on 1979 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ILO pub-WEP pub. Report emanating from the WEP on the role of educational policies in equalizing income distribution in Latin America - discusses the implications of two different theories, the neo-classical human capital school and the labour market segmentation school, includes a literature survey of experiences in Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Cuba, and examines recent empirical studies in Peru, etc. Bibliography pp. 105 to 107 and statistical tables.
