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Inactivation Of A Daxx Mediated Cellular Intrinsic Immune Defense Against Human Cytomegalovirus Contributes To Viral Gene Expression
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Book Synopsis Inactivation of a Daxx-mediated Cellular Intrinsic Immune Defense Against Human Cytomegalovirus Contributes to Viral Gene Expression by : Ryan Thomas Saffert
Download or read book Inactivation of a Daxx-mediated Cellular Intrinsic Immune Defense Against Human Cytomegalovirus Contributes to Viral Gene Expression written by Ryan Thomas Saffert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Book Synopsis Viral and Cellular Contributions to the Epigenetic Silencing of Viral Lytic Gene Expression During Human Cytomegalovirus Latency by :
Download or read book Viral and Cellular Contributions to the Epigenetic Silencing of Viral Lytic Gene Expression During Human Cytomegalovirus Latency written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that causes birth defects and significant morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised. HCMV achieves lifelong persistence in its host through the establishment of latency. There is no effective vaccine to prevent HCMV infection, and current antivirals do not affect latent reservoirs. Consequently, complete clearance of HCMV is not currently achievable. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying viral latency is thus essential for improving treatments for HCMV infection. The regulation of viral immediate-early (IE) gene expression is a critical control point in determining the outcome of HCMV infection. Viral IE genes are expressed at the beginning of lytic infection but must be silenced during the establishment of latency. Regulation of IE gene expression occurs largely through epigenetic mechanisms. However, how viral genomes are assembled into chromatin and repressed during latency is not well understood. We show here that both canonical and variant histones are deposited onto incoming viral genomes and that the cellular intrinsic defense protein Daxx promotes chromatin assembly on the viral genome. Our findings suggest that initial chromatin assembly on viral genomes is mediated by cellular factors and correlates with transcriptional silencing. We also addressed how viral factors contribute to the silencing of IE gene expression during latency. We found that the viral UL138 protein represses IE transcription during the establishment of latency by preventing recruitment of cellular lysine demethylases that otherwise activate IE gene expression. Thus our work provides the first evidence for how a viral protein promotes the establishment of latency. We further demonstrate that at least one other viral factor also silences IE gene expression during latency, highlighting the importance of viral control over this process. Overall, we show that the epigenetic silencing of IE gene expression during the establishment of latency is a dynamic process that involves the contributions of both cellular and viral factors.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus Entry Into Undifferentiated Cells to Establish Latency by : Jeong-Hee Lee
Download or read book Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus Entry Into Undifferentiated Cells to Establish Latency written by Jeong-Hee Lee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen infecting most of the world population. Although infection does not causes severe symptoms in healthy individuals, infection can cause morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Like other herpesviruses, HCMV establishes latency and persists life long in its host. Current antiviral drugs target replicating virus. However, there is no drug can treat latent infection. An effective vaccine to prevent infection has not been developed yet. Currently, it is not possible to treat HCMV latent infection. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of HCMV latency establishment to find a treatment method. HCMV shows host cell differentiation dependent infection types. When HCMV enters completely differentiated cells, tegument-delivered pp71 enters the nucleus and removes Daxx mediated intrinsic immunity at the MIEP, IE gene expression is initiated, cascade lytic genes are expressed, and progeny virions are produced. However, in undifferentiated cells, tegument-delivered pp71 remains in the cytoplasm, the MIEP remains in an inactivated state, IE gene expression is silenced, and latency is established. It is unknown how tegument-delivered pp71 remains in the cytoplasm of incompletely differentiated cells. However, it is not understood how/where tegument-delivered pp71 remains in the cytoplasm. In this study, we found that HCMV enters undifferentiated cells via endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The tegument-delivered pp71 is remains within endosomes in the cytoplasm, leading to establishment of latency. In addition, we strived to identify tegument-delivered pp71 controlling factors. We hypothesized that tegument-delivered pp71 controlling factor X exists in differentiated cells. To obtain factor X candidate list, we performed transcriptional researches with multiple matched cell pairs of undifferentiated vs. differentiated cells. We were able to generate a candidate list for tegument-delivered pp71 controlling factor. Afterward, the top candidate genes were examined through knock down experiments.
Book Synopsis Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Human Cytomegalovirus. The editors have built Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Human Cytomegalovirus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions by : Emma Poole
Download or read book Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions written by Emma Poole and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Intersection of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Innate Immune Signaling by : Christopher M. Goodwin
Download or read book The Intersection of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Innate Immune Signaling written by Christopher M. Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that has developed a complicated relationship with host innate immune signaling. HCMV encodes a diverse array of gene products capable of both attenuating specific anti-viral immune processes and upregulating pro-viral inflammatory events within discrete temporal windows to achieve high-titer viral replication. NF?B signaling, reliant on the IKK? and IKK? kinases, is enabled at early times during HCMV replication but then inhibited at later times. We individually knocked out IKK? and IKK? via CRISPR and find that these kinases each inhibit high-titer viral growth, contribute to cytokine-mediated host resistance to viral infection, and limit both the initiation and cell-to-cell spread of infectious events. In addition, we find that IKK? is required for the induction of IL-6, an NF?B target gene inhibited by the HCMV UL26 protein. The HCMV UL26 protein is required for the establishment of a broad pro-viral transcriptional profile in the host cell during infection, and inhibits multiple innate immune pathways, notably NF?B signaling and interferon signaling. We have determined that tegument-derived UL26, delivered with the virion upon initial infection, is sufficient to downregulate the transcription of multiple interferon-associated genes including ISG15 and BST2. In addition, we find that the induction of ISG15 and BST2 in response to infection with mutant HCMV lacking the UL26 protein is dependent on the presence of the IKK? kinase. In summary, our work investigates the modulation of NF?B and interferon signaling during infection by the UL26 protein and highlights the canonical IKK? kinase as a primary mediator of the host cell immune response triggered by infection with UL26-deficient HCMV, as it is required to stimulate a variety of both NF?B and interferon genes that are downregulated by the presence of UL26 during infection.
Book Synopsis Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Human Cytomegalovirus in a concise format. The editors have built Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Human Cytomegalovirus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human Cytomegalovirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy
Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Book Synopsis Human Cytomegalovirus by : Thomas E. Shenk
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus written by Thomas E. Shenk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has gathered some of the experts in the field to review aspects of our understanding of CMV and to offer perspectives of the current problems associated with CMV. The editors and authors hope that the chapters will lead to a better understanding of the virus that will assist in the development of new and unique antivirals, a protective vaccine, and a full understanding of CMV's involvement in human disease.
Book Synopsis Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses by : Klaus Osterrieder
Download or read book Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses written by Klaus Osterrieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature, causing disease in organisms as diverse as bivalves and primates, including humans. Each virus appears to have established a long-standing relationship with its host, and the viruses have the ability to manipulate and control the metabolism of host cells, as well as innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Herpes viruses maintain themselves within hosts in a latent state resulting in virus persistence for years – usually for the life span of the hosts. Herpes viruses comprise a large number of pathogens with diverse cellular targets and biological consequences of infection. What they have in common is their structure and the fact that they establish a dormant (latent) infection in their hosts that usually persists for life. The reviews here will highlight the general principles of herpes virus infection, with equal attention to overall principle and important difference. Also, the cell type- and life-style dependent differences in the establishment and maintenance of virus persistence will be covered.
Book Synopsis Lichen Secondary Metabolites by : Branislav Ranković
Download or read book Lichen Secondary Metabolites written by Branislav Ranković and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and extended edition provides in-depth insights into the benefits and untapped potential of lichen-derived bioactive compounds. The whole spectrum of these compounds’ biological and medical functions, from antibiotic to antiviral and anti-carcinogenic properties, is presented. In addition, a new chapter discusses the anti-neurodegenerative and anti-diabetic activities of lichenic secondary metabolites. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for students and researchers in this field.
Book Synopsis Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults by : Hugues Duffau
Download or read book Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults written by Hugues Duffau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest research pertaining to the diagnosis, therapy and management of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) in adults, with a particular focus on the path towards individualised therapy for this kind of tumour. Recent research on the natural history of DLGGs and their interaction with the brain has led to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies which increase survival and quality of life of the patient, and these methods are described in this book.
Book Synopsis Antiviral Agents by : Catherine Adamson
Download or read book Antiviral Agents written by Catherine Adamson and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antiviral agents are used for the treatment of viral diseases. Antiviral drugs have been successfully developed and used clinically for a limited number of important human viral diseases notably caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes, and influenza viruses. Despite the successes of these antiviral drugs, issues with drug resistance and toxicity remain challenging. These challenges are driving research to identify new drug candidates and to investigate novel drug targets to develop new mechanistic drug classes. Antiviral agents are not available against many viruses that cause human disease and economic burdens; in particular, the development of antiviral agents against emerging, re-emerging, and neglected viruses is increasingly becoming a priority. This book includes six review articles that discuss new antiviral strategies. The reviews either discuss advances relating to a specific virus or new therapeutic targets and approaches. The book includes 15 original research articles reporting new antiviral agents against a variety of clinically and economically important viruses and studies into the prevalence or acquisition of drug resistance. Overall, this book is an exciting collection of new research and ideas relating to the development of antiviral agents.
Book Synopsis SUMO Regulation of Cellular Processes by : Van G. Wilson
Download or read book SUMO Regulation of Cellular Processes written by Van G. Wilson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of a very well received book that details how the sumoylation system functions and how it modulates numerous cellular activities. SUMO is a post-translational modifier in the ubiquitin super-family that has gained recognition over the last twenty years as an essential and prevalent regulatory molecule. Individual chapters explore the biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell biology of the sumoylation system and its substrate proteins. The book is divided into three themed parts: Molecular Functions (I), Cell Growth Regulation (II), and Diseases (III). Parts I and II focus on the contribution of sumoylation to cellular activities in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. The nuclear activities covered include nucleic acid metabolism (both RNA and DNA), chromosome structure and replication, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Cytoplasmic processes presented include regulation of membrane ion channels, general metabolism, and apoptotic signalling. Topics in Part III include the role of sumoylation in developmental abnormalities (craniofacial and cardiovascular), diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infections with viruses and bacteria. Each of the corresponding chapter authors is an active researcher who has made significant contributions to understanding sumoylation. This second edition provides updates and revisions to most of the original chapters plus adds six new chapters to address important developing areas of sumoylation research. This volume is intended for a scientific audience from undergraduates to independent researchers. The content will serve as both a solid introduction for the novice reader and an in depth treatment for the advanced scholar.
Book Synopsis Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation by : Peter C. Rimensberger
Download or read book Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation written by Peter C. Rimensberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by outstanding authorities from all over the world, this comprehensive new textbook on pediatric and neonatal ventilation puts the focus on the effective delivery of respiratory support to children, infants and newborns. In the early chapters, developmental issues concerning the respiratory system are considered, physiological and mechanical principles are introduced and airway management and conventional and alternative ventilation techniques are discussed. Thereafter, the rational use of mechanical ventilation in various pediatric and neonatal pathologies is explained, with the emphasis on a practical step-by-step approach. Respiratory monitoring and safety issues in ventilated patients are considered in detail, and many other topics of interest to the bedside clinician are covered, including the ethics of withdrawal of respiratory support and educational issues. Throughout, the text is complemented by numerous illustrations and key information is clearly summarized in tables and lists.
Download or read book Fas Signaling written by Harald Wajant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fas Signaling is focused on the signaling mechanisms and biology of the prototypic death receptor Fas, also called CD95 or APO-1. The chapters of this book cover, besides the well recognized apoptosis-related functions of Fas, its emerging role as a proinflammatory cytokine and as an inducer of alternative forms of cell death. Fas Signaling aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date survey of the various aspects of Fas biology and the open questions of the field are addressed. This title is intended for Ph.D and post-doctoral students starting to work in the field, but is also useful for everyone with an interest in the biology of this exciting molecule.
