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Improving Pig Performance And Nutrient Utilization By Manipulating Dietary Protein Level And Using Fermentable Fibre Ingredients
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Book Synopsis Improving Pig Performance and Nutrient Utilization by Manipulating Dietary Protein Level and Using Fermentable Fibre Ingredients by : Gaofeng He
Download or read book Improving Pig Performance and Nutrient Utilization by Manipulating Dietary Protein Level and Using Fermentable Fibre Ingredients written by Gaofeng He and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition 2 by : Philip C. Garnsworthy
Download or read book Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition 2 written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Hyperion Books. This book was released on 1993 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in consumer perceptions of meat quality; Nutritional manipulation of carcass quality in pigs; Consequences of changes in carcass composition on meat quality; Energy-protein interactions in pigs; Comparison of arc and nrc recomended requirements for energy and protein in growing pigs; Amino acid nutrition of pigs and poultry; Methods of determining the amino acid requirements of pigs; Ileal digestibilities of amino acid in pig feeds and their use in formulating diets; Use of synthetic amino acids in pig and poultry diets; Towards an improved utilization of dietary amino acids by the growing pig; Role of dietary fibre in pig feeds; Phosphorus availability and requirements in pigs; The water requirement of growing-finishing pigs - theoretical and practical considerations; Water for piglets and lactating sows: quantity, quality and quandaries; The phisiological basis of electrolyes in animal nutrition; Manipulation of the gut environment of pigs; Acidification of diets for pigs; Aetiology of diarrhoea; Immunity, nutrition and performance in animal production; Novel approaches to growth promotion in the pig; Impact of somatotropin and beta-adrenergic agonists on growth, carcass composition and nutrient requirements of pigs; Strategies for sow nutrition: predicting the response of pregnant animals to protein and energy intake; Predicting nuttrient responsesof the lactating sow; Nutrition of the working boar.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of amino acid digestibility values of protein feedstuffs and dietary protein content in combination with probiotic supplementation in growing pigs by : Chanwit Kaewtapee
Download or read book Evaluation of amino acid digestibility values of protein feedstuffs and dietary protein content in combination with probiotic supplementation in growing pigs written by Chanwit Kaewtapee and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, the concept of standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) has been used in diet formulation for pigs. However, there is limited data on the nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA in home-grown European soybean and rapeseed products. For full-fat soybeans (FFSB), the presence of heat-labile trypsin inhibitors may cause problems in protein digestion of pigs. Therefore, the optimization of heat treatment for FFSB is a need to reduce trypsin inhibitor activity for improving SID of CP and AA. However, excessive heat treatment may have a negative effect on protein digestion. Furthermore, reducing dietary protein levels in combination with the supplementation of Bacillus spp. may reduce feed costs and improve pigs’ gut health. As a result of the present study, home-grown European soybean and rapeseed products can be considered as a suitable alternative to imported soybean products for pigs raised in organic and conventional farming systems. Wet heating at 100°C for 16 min, together with autoclaving at 110°C from 15 to 45 min reflects optimal heat treatment for FFSB resulting in greater SID of CP and AA with lower destruction of AA. Reducing the dietary CP level is an alternative strategy to improve SID of some AA, thereby decreasing feed cost and nitrogen excretion. The supplementation of Bacillus spp. promoted gene copy numbers of Roseburia spp., which may be beneficial due to ascribed health promoting properties of this butyrate producer.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Absorption and Energy Expenditure in Growing Pigs Fed High-fiber Diets Supplemented with Enzymes by : Atta Kofi Agyekum
Download or read book Nutrient Absorption and Energy Expenditure in Growing Pigs Fed High-fiber Diets Supplemented with Enzymes written by Atta Kofi Agyekum and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber-rich (HF) diets are typically supplemented with enzymes to improve their nutritive value and to offset their negative effects on pig growth. However, studies on enzyme effect in pigs have yielded inconsistent results on nutrient digestibility and growth. Although the inconsistencies observed could be explained by differences in substrate and experimental conditions and enzyme characteristics among studies, how enzymes influence metabolic and physiological responses in pigs is still not clear. Therefore, three experiments were conducted, using 3 dietary treatments (control, HF and HF diet supplemented with enzymes), to elucidate the effects of supplementing an HF diet with enzymes in growing pigs. Experiment one investigated HF and enzyme supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility, digesta volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and gut microbial profile in pigs. Compared with the HF diet, enzymes improved dry matter, starch, energy and some amino acid (AA), but not nitrogen digestibility. Further, the enzymes stimulated the growth of gut bacterial groups, which have xylanolytic and cellulolytic properties in the HF-fed pigs, but enzymes did not influence digesta VFA concentration or fiber fermentation. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of enzyme supplementation on growth performance, glucose uptake in jejunum tissue samples mounted in Ussing chambers, and intestinal nutrient transporter mRNA levels in pigs. Diet had no effect on feed intake and jejunal glucose uptake. The enzymes influenced nutrient transporter mRNA levels but did not improve pig growth rate and feed efficiency relative to the HF diet. The third experiment investigated the effect of supplementing the HF diet with enzymes on postprandial portal vein-drained viscera (PDV) nutrient fluxes and energy expenditure (measured as O2 consumption) by the PDV and whole-animal in pigs. Diet had no effect on energy expenditure. The HF diet reduced portal glucose, VFA and essential AA absorption and insulin production. Enzyme supplementation improved portal glucose and VFA absorption, but not essential AA absorption and insulin production. Overall, improvements in nutrient utilization due to enzyme supplementation did not improve the growth rate of pigs, which appears to be due to the lack of enzyme effect on essential AA and energy use by the PDV and insulin production.
Book Synopsis Effect of Reducing Dietary Protein Level and Adding Amino Acids on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Pigs by : Haijun Liu
Download or read book Effect of Reducing Dietary Protein Level and Adding Amino Acids on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Pigs written by Haijun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of eight experiments utilizing 572 finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effect of reducing dietary protein level and adding amino acids on pig performance, carcass characteristics, and N excretion. The valine requirement of early-finishing (50 to 80 kg) barrows and the effect of adding isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) in amino acids fortified low-protein diets on finishing pig performance were also evaluated. In the first experiment (Exp. 1 of Chapter II), it was determined that the CP level in the diet for early-finishing (50 to 80 kg) gilts can be reduced up to four percentage units by adding Lys, Thr, Trp, and Met, with no detrimental effect on pig performance or carcass characteristics. The second study (Exp. 2 of Chapter II) indicates that Ile and/or Val may be limiting in a four-percentage-unit-protein-reduced diet for late-finishing (80 to 120 kg) gilts. The third experiment (Exp. 1 of Chapter III) indicates that the true digestible Lys requirement of early-finishing PIC barrows is not higher than 0.70%. In the fourth experiment (Exp. 2 of Chapter III), it was demonstrated that dietary protein level for early-finishing PIC barrows can be reduced up to five percentage units by adding Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, and Ile, with no detrimental effect on pig performance or carcass characteristics. Valine was not limiting in a 10.49% CP diet for early-finishing PIC barrows with ADFI of 3.1 kg/d, and the true digestible Val requirement of early-finishing PIC barrows gaining 1.0 kg/d, was not greater than 11.4 g/d. In the fifth experiment (Exp. 3 of Chapter III), we found that decreasing dietary protein level by 4.81 percentage units and adding amino acids to the diet reduced N excretion of early-finishing barrows by 40.6%. In the sixth experiment (Exp. 4 of Chapter III), it was determined that the dietary protein level for early-finishing barrows can be reduced up to four percentage units by adding Lys, Thr, Trp, and Met, with no detrimental effects on pig performance or carcass characteristics, and reducing dietary protein level by four percentage units can reduce N excretion by 38.4%. In the seventh experiment (Exp. 1 of Chapter IV), it was determined that late-finishing barrows fed an amino acid (Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Ile, and Val) fortified corn diet (7.92% CP) have similar performance and carcass characteristics as pigs fed a corn-soybean meal control 12.50% CP diet. Deleting Ile or Val in an amino acids fortified corn diet may decrease pig performance. In the eighth experiment (Exp. 2 of Chapter IV), it was determined that late-finishing gilts fed an amino acid (Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Ile, and Val) fortified corn diet (9.55% CP) have similar performance and carcass characteristics as pigs fed a corn-soybean meal control 15.17% CP diet. Decreasing dietary CP level from 15.17 to 9.55% decreases N excretion of late-finishing pigs by 48.28%. Deleting Ile or Val in an amino acid fortified corn diet may decrease pig performance. In summary, finishing pigs fed a low protein diet properly fortified with crystalline amino acids can have similar performance and carcass characteristics as pig fed typical protein level corn-soybean meal control diets, and N excretion will be greatly reduced.
Book Synopsis Practical Pig Nutrition by : Colin Trengove Whittemore
Download or read book Practical Pig Nutrition written by Colin Trengove Whittemore and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objetive of pig nutrition; Pig products; Proteins; Energy; Minerals, vitamins and water; Appetite; Rationing; Choosing a feeding program for growing pigs - with the help of a model; Choosing a feeding program for the breeding herd; Feedstuffs; Diet formulation; In conclusion.
Book Synopsis Effects of Fermentable Carbohydrates and Dietary P Supply on Bacterial P Incorporation, Activity and Composition in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs by : Barbara Ulrike Metzler-Zebeli
Download or read book Effects of Fermentable Carbohydrates and Dietary P Supply on Bacterial P Incorporation, Activity and Composition in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs written by Barbara Ulrike Metzler-Zebeli and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fermentable carbohydrates, such as cellulose and pectin, adversely affect nutrient utilisation in pigs, especially at high dietary inclusion levels. There exists little information about the bacterial phosphorus (P) requirement for fermentation of certain carbohydrates in pigs which may affect the P availability of the host animal. However, the bacterial species composition is known to be susceptible to changes in the carbohydrate composition of the diet. Furthermore, bacterial activity may depend on the bacterial P availability in intestinal digesta. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bacterial P incorporation, activity and species composition in response to fermentable carbohydrates as well as to differing dietary supply of P. Moreover, the influence on the P recovery in ileal digesta and faeces were estimated. In the first study, the effects of fermentable carbohydrates on P metabolism, the chemical composition of the faecal mixed bacterial mass (MBM) and the microbial activity in the large intestine (LI) of pigs were determined. Eight barrows (BW 36 kg), fitted with simple T cannulas at the distal ileum, were either fed a low-P corn-soybean meal based control diet or 75% of the control diet supplemented with 25% cellulose, starch or pectin. Both pectin and cellulose caused higher faecal than ileal P recoveries. Ileal VFA levels were more pronounced for the starch rather than the cellulose and pectin treatments, whereas pectin resulted in a higher faecal VFA concentration in comparison to starch and cellulose. The nitrogen (N) content of MBM was higher when cellulose was supplemented. Pectin caused a decrease in the P content of the MBM compared with the control. As a result, the N to P ratio was higher for the pectin (N:P=4.33) than for the control treatment (N:P=2.63), while the calcium (Ca):P ratio remained constant for all treatments, suggesting changes in the accumulation of N, P and Ca in MBM, probably due to changes in the species composition and activity of the microflora. The response of total bacterial cell counts as well as cell counts of Lactobacillus spp., L. reuteri, L. amylovorus/L. sobrius, L. mucosae, Enterococcus spp., E. faecium, E. faecalis, bifidobacteria, Clostridium coccoides cluster, C. leptum cluster, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyrmonas group and Enterobacteriaceae to the fermentable carbohydrates were determined by quantitative realtime PCR in DNA extracts of ileal digesta. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of DNA fragments, generated by PCR targeting total or Lactobacillus spp. 16S rDNA, was used to estimate the bacterial diversity in the ileum. Starch supplementation strongly stimulated the growth of lactobacilli species in the ileum. Cellulose, in turn, enhanced the numbers of bifidobacteria, but reduced the numbers of L. amylovorus/L.sobrius compared with the control. Finally, pectin tended to increase the cell numbers of L. amylovorus/L. sobrius and the Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyrmonas group compared with the control. DGGE analysis revealed increased band numbers for total bacteria in the ileum of animals fed the cellulose and starch supplemented diets, while pectin reduced diversity of Lactobacillus spp. compared with the control. In the second study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of P level, phytase supplementation and ileal pectin infusion on the chemical composition of the faecal MBM, bacterial enzyme activity and metabolites in pigs. In each experiment, eight barrows (BW 30 kg) were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum. In Exp. 1, the diets were a low-P corn-soybean meal based control diet (3 g P/kg) or the control diet supplemented with monocalcium phosphate (MCP; 7g P/kg). In Exp. 2, the pigs received the control diet or the control diet supplemented with 1000 FTU phytase/kg. Additionally, 60 g apple-pectin dissolved in 1.8 L demineralised water and 1.8 L demineralised water as control were infused daily via the ileal cannula into the LI, respectively. In Exp. 1, supplemental MCP markedly raised the P and Ca content of the MBM, but tended to decrease the N content and reduced the N:P-ratio. Ileal pectin infusion enhanced the faecal polygalacturonase activity as well as tended to increase the faecal VFA concentration. In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase decreased the P content of the MBM as well as total faecal VFA concentration. Bacterial cellulase activity in faeces was inhibited by phytase and pectin, whereas bacterial polygalacturonase activity in faeces increased in response to pectin infusion. Based on the results of the present work, it can be concluded that the chemical composition of the MBM can be affected by the dietary carbohydrate composition and large intestinal P availability. Moreover, the present results indicate that fermentation intensity in the GIT of pigs does not only depend on the fermentability of the substrate, but also on the intestinal P availability. Fermentation of cellulose and pectin in the LI caused a net P secretion into the LI in both studies, probably due to meet bacterial P requirements for fermentation. This may be important for the P utilisation of the pig, particularly when the dietary P supply is marginal. Furthermore, the ileal bacterial composition is sensible to changes in the carbohydrate composition of the diet. The use of fermentable carbohydrates warrants further research pertaining to the stabilisation of the bacterial ecosystem in pigs.
Book Synopsis In Vivo and in Vitro Studies with Growing Pigs on Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibilities in Grain Legumes by : Dagmar Jezierny
Download or read book In Vivo and in Vitro Studies with Growing Pigs on Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibilities in Grain Legumes written by Dagmar Jezierny and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since there is a general ban on meat and bone meal and its by-products in diets for livestock in the EU, it is crucial to focus on alternative protein feed ingredients to be used in pig nutrition. Beside soybean meal as a commonly used plant protein supplement, grain legumes may also be used as alternative protein sources in diets for pigs. Current protein evaluation system for feed ingredients for pigs are based on the concept of standardised ileal digestibilities (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA), but there is a scarcity of information on SID of CP and AA in grain legumes grown in Central Europe. Therefore, the objective of the thesis was to determine the chemical composition and the SID of CP and AA in seed-grade cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba), peas (Pisum sativum) and lupins (Lupinus spp.) in growing pigs using the difference method. Furthermore, to obtain SID of CP and AA, the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses in growing pigs were estimated by means of regression analysis from apparent ileal digestible and total dietary contents of CP and AA. A further aim of the thesis was directed to the validation of an in vitro procedure for estimates of SID of CP and AA in the same grain legumes by means of a two-step enzymatic method with subsequent pepsin and pancreatin incubations. The in vitro predicted SID values were compared with their corresponding in vivo SID values. The chemical composition and SID values of CP and AA measured in faba bean, pea and lupin cultivars generally were in good agreement with tabulated values. The average SID of CP and most AA in lupin cultivars (CP, 87%) were higher than in pea (CP, 79%) or faba bean cultivars (CP, 76%) Comparably low SID values in some faba bean cultivars can be partly explained by their contents of condensed tannins. In contrast to SID values in faba bean cultivars, there were only small variations in SID values between individual cultivars of peas or lupins. Results of the in vitro experiment revealed that predicted SID of CP and AA do not provide direct estimates of SID values in grain legumes, because the in vitro predicted SID values were generally higher than in vivo SID values. The use of multiple linear regression analysis with grain legume species as a covariate resulted in strong linear relationships. Further investigations are warranted to study if these principles apply to other feed ingredients as well. Moreover, the use of in vitro predicted SID values in practical diet formulations for pigs needs to be further validated.
Book Synopsis Opportunities and Limitations for Low-protein Diet Formulation in Swine by : Dustin Clay Kendall
Download or read book Opportunities and Limitations for Low-protein Diet Formulation in Swine written by Dustin Clay Kendall and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pressure is forcing the swine industry to evaluate technologies that reduce nitrogen excretion. Among the available techniques, manipulation of dietary protein has shown improvement in the nutrient balance of swine farms. This is accomplished by replacing a portion of intact protein sources with crystalline amino acids. Dietary amino acid concentrations are maintained while lowering total nitrogen intake, therefore reducing nitrogen excretion but preserving growth performance. Based on this knowledge, pork producers seek information on the maximum levels of crystalline amino acids that can be added to diets of growing pigs. This dissertation will investigate the nutritional constraints to high crystalline amino acid supplementation and validate their use under commercial conditions. The following experiments provide estimates of optimum lysine, tryptophan, isoleucine, valine, and nonessential amino acid levels in diets for growing pigs. A series of experiments (3,628 pigs) evaluated optimum lysine levels during the nursery phase (11 to 27 kg) under commercial conditions. Pigs were offered diets with constant inclusion of soybean meal, where dietary lysine was titrated with the addition of crystalline lysine. In order to maintain optimum amino acid ratios, crystalline methionine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine were added as necessary. The results showed optimum lysine levels in the nursery of 1.33% true ileal digestible (TID) lysine, indicating that previous lysine requirement estimates have been grossly underestimated. Once the lysine requirement is established, it is possible to evaluate optimal ratios of other amino acids relative to lysine. Three experiments investigated optimum TID tryptophan to lysine ratio in late finishing barrows (90 to 120 kg). Results indicate that TID tryptophan to lysine levels of 0.15 can be used without affecting growth performance. Three experiments evaluated optimum TID valine to lysine ratio in 13 to 32 kg barrows. The data showed an optimum TID valine to lysine ratio of 0.65. Three additional experiments assessed TID isoleucine to lysine requirements of 90 to 120 kg barrows, utilizing corn-blood cell diets. Blood cells possess high levels of leucine and valine, but are severely deficient in isoleucine, a key characteristic in basal diet formulation for isoleucine requirement studies.
Book Synopsis In Vitro Fermentation Capacity of Hindgut Microbiota in Pigs in Relation to Dietary Fibre by : Maria A. Sappok
Download or read book In Vitro Fermentation Capacity of Hindgut Microbiota in Pigs in Relation to Dietary Fibre written by Maria A. Sappok and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition by : D. J. A. Cole
Download or read book Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition written by D. J. A. Cole and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy requirements of pigs, The influence of climatic variables on energy metabolism and associated aspects of productivity in the pig, Climatic enviromment and practical nutrition of the growing pig, Predicting the energy content of pig feeds, Amino acid nutrition of the pig, Protein requeriments of pigs, Amino acid availability in pig diets with special reference to natural proteins and synthetic amino acids, Amino acid use by growing pigs, Mineral and trace element requeriments of pigs, Factors affecting the need for supplemetary vitamins in pigs, Viatamin responsive conditions in breeding pigs, Sex diferences in the nutrition and growth of pigs, Energy and protein nutrition of the sow, The use of aft in sow diets, Local hypersensitivy response to dietary a ntigens in early weaned pigs, The nutrition of the piglet, Processing and preparation of cereals for pig diets, Energy eveluation of cereals for pig diets, Cereal replacers as alternative soucers of energy for pigs, Oilseed meals for livestock feeding,
Book Synopsis Feed efficiency in swine by : John F. Patience
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Book Synopsis Swine Nutrition by : Elwyn R. Miller
Download or read book Swine Nutrition written by Elwyn R. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Download or read book Probiotics written by Ray Fuller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the gastrointestinal microflora has featured strongly in scientific, veterinary and medical research. As a result it has become obvious that the gut microflora is an essential component of the healthy animal. Not only is it involved in digestion of food, it is essential for the optimal resistance to disease. The first part of this book records the research that has been done on the factors affecting colonization of the gut and the effect that the flora has on the host animal. The second part discusses the way in which this basic knowledge affects the choice of organism being used as a probiotic. The evidence for the involvement of the gut microflora in the health and well-being of the animal is incontrovertible, but the development of probiotics has been largely empirical, failing to capitalize on the relevant research data. The bringing together of the basic information on gut microecology and the development of probiotic preparations is long overdue. It is hoped that this exercise will result in a more scientific approach to probiotic development and the emergence of new and improved preparations for animals and man. The authors involved are all experts in their field and I am greatly indebted to them for their contributions to the book. R. Fuller Abbreviations used for - generIc names Aspergillus A.B. Bacillus Bact. Bacteroides Bifidobacterium Bif. C. Clostridium Cam. Campylobacter Can. Candida Cor. Corynebacteri urn E. Escherichia Enterobacter Eb. Ent. Enterococcus Fusobacterium F. Fib. Fibrobacter K. Klebsiella 1.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Food Waste to Animal Feed by : Michael L. Westendorf
Download or read book Food Waste to Animal Feed written by Michael L. Westendorf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude of the food-waste disposal problem cannot be understated. Utilisation of food waste is of concern to the food processing industry, consumers, environmentalists, and regulators of handling and disposal systems. Food waste is not consistent in quality, is usually high in moisture content, and is only available locally. This book focuses on the challenges of utilising both wet and/or processed food waste. The regulatory environment relating to food waste, the perspective of the end-users, and practical use as animal feed is also discussed. One of the goals of this publication, other than to give a clear explanation of the subject of food waste and its uses as animal feed, is to stimulate a need for research.
