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Improving Aerosol Simulations
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309443458 Total Pages :53 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Opportunities to Improve Representation of Clouds and Aerosols in Climate Models with Classified Observing Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Opportunities to Improve Representation of Clouds and Aerosols in Climate Models with Classified Observing Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most significant and uncertain aspects of climate change projections is the impact of aerosols on the climate system. Aerosols influence the climate indirectly by interacting with nearby clouds leading to small changes in cloud cover, thickness, and altitude, which significantly affect Earth's radiative balance. Advancements have been made in recent years on understanding the complex processes and atmospheric interactions involved when aerosols interact with surrounding clouds, but further progress has been hindered by limited observations. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop to discuss the usefulness of the classified observing systems in advancing understanding of cloud and aerosol interactions. Because these systems were not developed with weather and climate modeling as a primary mission objective, many participants said it is necessary for scientists to find creative ways to utilize the data. The data from these systems have the potential to be useful in advancing understanding of cloud and aerosol interactions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Improving Aerosol Simulations by : Jaemeen Baek
Download or read book Improving Aerosol Simulations written by Jaemeen Baek and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both long-term and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to increase the rate of respiratory and cardiovascular illness, premature death, and hospital admissions from respiratory causes. It is important to understand what contributes to ambient PM2.5 level to establish effective regulation, and air quality model can provide guidance based on the best scientific understanding available. However, PM2.5 simulations in air quality models have often found performance less than desirable, particularly for organic carbon levels. Here, some of major shortcomings of current air quality model will be addressed and improved by using CMAQ, receptor models, and regression analysis. Detailed source apportionment of PM2.5 performed using the CMAQ-tracer method suggests that wood combustion and mobile sources are the largest sources of PM2.5, followed by meat cooking and industrial processes. Biases in emission estimates are investigated using tracer species, such as organic molecular markers and trace metals that are used in receptor models. Comparison of simulated and observed tracer species shows some consistent discrepancies, which enables us to quantify biases in emissions and improve CMAQ simulations. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is another topic that is investigated. CMAQ studies on organic aerosol usually underestimate organic carbon with larger than a 50% bias. Formation of aged aerosol from multigenerational semi-volatile organic carbon is added to CMAQ, significantly improving performance of organic aerosol simulations.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts by : Mian Chin
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.
Book Synopsis Improving Our Understanding of Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Climate Effects by : Jing Li
Download or read book Improving Our Understanding of Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Climate Effects written by Jing Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the sensitivity studies, an optimal fitting technique based on AERONET data is developed to better constrain aerosol dry size parameterization in the GCM. Model results for AOD and SSA are also improved by adjusting the size and applying "uncertainty parameters". The fitting results indicate an overall underestimate in GCM aerosol loading. In particular, aerosol absorption has been underestimated by approximately a factor of 2. The low bias might be attributed to insufficient aerosol mass loading, lack of internal mixing of black carbon with other species, etc. After incorporating the optimized sizes and uncertainty parameters into the GCM, estimated global mean DRF is significantly larger than the original aerosol field. Regionally the changes in DRF are more diverse due to the relative fraction of absorbing and non-absorbing aerosols. The method still has limitations. Further improvements are required including examining the fine/coarse aerosol fraction, better identifying the absorbing species, and using advanced observations with global coverage.
Book Synopsis Improved Simulation of Aerosol, Cloud, and Density Measurements by Shuttle Lidar by : Philip B. Russell
Download or read book Improved Simulation of Aerosol, Cloud, and Density Measurements by Shuttle Lidar written by Philip B. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309588871 Total Pages :180 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change by : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Book Synopsis Improved Simulation of Aerosol, Cloud, and Density Measurements by Shuttle Lidar by :
Download or read book Improved Simulation of Aerosol, Cloud, and Density Measurements by Shuttle Lidar written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties by : Kirill Ya. Kondratyev
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties written by Kirill Ya. Kondratyev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of how aerosols form in the atmosphere through in situ processes as well as via transport from the surface (dust storms, seas spray, biogenic emissions, forest fires etc.). Such an analysis has been followed by the consideration of both observation data (various field observational experiments) and numerical modeling results to assess climate impacts of aerosols bearing in mind that these impacts are the most significant uncertainty in studying natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales by : Yuan Wang
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Book Synopsis Coupling an Advanced Particle Microphysics Model with WRF-Chem and Improving Aerosol-climate Interaction Simulations at Regional Scales by :
Download or read book Coupling an Advanced Particle Microphysics Model with WRF-Chem and Improving Aerosol-climate Interaction Simulations at Regional Scales written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric particles, WRF-Chem, regional modeling.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Aerosol Modelling by : David L. Topping
Download or read book Introduction to Aerosol Modelling written by David L. Topping and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION TO AEROSOL MODELLING Introduction to Aerosol Modelling: From Theory to Code An aerosol particle is defined as a solid or liquid particle suspended in a carrier gas. Whilst we often treat scientific challenges in a siloed way, aerosol particles are of interest across many disciplines. For example, atmospheric aerosol particles are key determinants of air quality and climate change. Knowledge of aerosol physics and generation mechanisms is key to efficient fuel delivery and drug delivery to the lungs. Likewise, various manufacturing processes require optimal generation, delivery and removal of aerosol particles in a range of conditions. There is a natural tendency for the aerosol scientist to therefore work at the interface of the traditional academic subjects of physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and computing. The impacts that aerosol particles have are linked to their evolving chemical and physical characteristics. Likewise, the chemical and physical characteristic of aerosol particles reflect their sources and subsequent processes they have been subject to. Computational models are not only essential for constructing evidence-based understanding of important aerosol processes, but also to predict change and impact. Whilst existing textbooks provide an overview of theoretical frameworks on which aerosol models are based, there is a significant gap in reference material that provide training in translating theory into code. The purpose of this book is to provide readers with exactly that. In following the content provided in this book, you will be able to reproduce models of key processes that can either be used in isolation or brought together to construct a demonstrator 0D box-model of a coupled gaseous-particulate system. You may be reading this book as an undergraduate, postgraduate, seasoned researcher in the private/public sector or as someone who wishes to better understand the pathways to aerosol model development. Wherever you position yourself, it is hoped that the tools you will learn through this book will provide you with the basis to develop your own platforms and to ensure the next generation of aerosol modellers are equipped with foundational skills to address future challenges in aerosol science.
Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts by :
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation of Climate Forcing by Aerosols by :
Download or read book Simulation of Climate Forcing by Aerosols written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest source of uncertainty in estimates of the radiative forcing governing climate change is in the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols. Current estimates of the global mean of the aerosol radiative forcing range from 0.3 to 3.0 watts per square meter (Wm-2) which is opposite in sign and possibly comparable in magnitude to the+2 Wm-2 forcing due to increasing greenhouse gases. We have developed a global aerosol and climate modeling system that provides arguably the most detailed treatment of aerosols and their impact on the planetary radiation balance of any model, but our estimates of radiative forcing have been hindered by our lack of access to high performance computing resources. We propose to use the MSCF to conduct a series of simulations with and without emissions of a variety of aerosol particles and aerosol precursors. These extensive simulations will enable us to produce much more refined estimates of the impact of anthropogenic emissions on radiative forcing of climate change. To take full advantage of the parallelism available on the MSCF MPP1, we will apply the Global Array Toolkit to dynamically load balance the reactive chemistry component of our model. We will adapt our modifications of the serial NCAR Community Climate Model CCM2 to the parallel NCAR CCM3.10.
Book Synopsis Aerosols and Climate by : Ken S. Carslaw
Download or read book Aerosols and Climate written by Ken S. Carslaw and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever-diversifying field of aerosol effects on climate is comprehensively presented here, describing the strong connection between fundamental research and model applications in a way that will allow both experienced researchers and those new to the field to gain an understanding of a wide range of topics. The material is consistently presented at three levels for each topic: (i) an accessible "quick read" of the essentials, (ii) a more detailed description, and (iii) a section dedicated to how the processes are handled in models. The modelling section in each chapter summarizes the current level of knowledge and what the gaps in this understanding mean for the effects of aerosols on climate, enabling readers to quickly understand how new research fits into established knowledge. Definitions, case studies, reference data, and examples are included throughout. Aerosols and Climate is a vital resource for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, senior researchers, and lecturers in departments of atmospheric science, meteorology, engineering, and environment. It will also be of interest to those working in operational centers and policy-facing organizations, providing strong reference material on the current state of knowledge. Includes a section in each chapter that focuses on the treatment of relevant aerosol processes in climate models Provides clear exposition of the challenges in understanding and reducing persistent gaps in knowledge and uncertainties in the field of aerosol-climate interaction, going beyond the fundamentals and existing knowledge Authored by experts in modeling and aerosol processes, analysis or observations to ensure accessibility and balance
Book Synopsis Model Simulations of Aerosol Effects on Clouds and Precipitation in Comparison with ARM Data by :
Download or read book Model Simulations of Aerosol Effects on Clouds and Precipitation in Comparison with ARM Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observation-based studies have shown that the aerosol cloud lifetime effect or the increase of cloud liquid water path (LWP) with increased aerosol loading may have been overestimated in climate models. Here, we simulate shallow warm clouds on 05/27/2011 at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) measurement site established by Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program using a single column version of a global climate model (Community Atmosphere Model or CAM) and a cloud resolving model (CRM). The LWP simulated by CAM increases substantially with aerosol loading while that in the CRM does not. The increase of LWP in CAM is caused by a large decrease of the autoconversion rate when cloud droplet number increases. In the CRM, the autoconversion rate is also reduced, but this is offset or even outweighed by the increased evaporation of cloud droplets near cloud top, resulting in an overall decrease in LWP. Our results suggest that climate models need to include the dependence of cloud top growth and the evaporation/condensation process on cloud droplet number concentrations.
Download or read book FY 2011 Second Quarter written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regional-scale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is being used by a DOE Earth System Modeling (ESM) project titled "Improving the Characterization of Clouds, Aerosols and the Cryosphere in Climate Models" to evaluate the performance of atmospheric process modules that treat aerosols and aerosol radiative forcing in the Arctic. We are using a regional-scale modeling framework for three reasons: (1) It is easier to produce a useful comparison to observations with a high resolution model; (2) We can compare the behavior of the CAM parameterization suite with some of the more complex and computationally expensive parameterizations used in WRF; (3) we can explore the behavior of this parameterization suite at high resolution. Climate models like the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) being used within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) will not likely be run at mesoscale spatial resolutions (10-20 km) until 5-10 years from now. The performance of the current suite of physics modules in CAM5 at such resolutions is not known, and current computing resources do not permit high-resolution global simulations to be performed routinely. We are taking advantage of two tools recently developed under PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) projects for this activity. The first is the Aerosol Modeling Testbed (Fast et al., 2011b), a new computational framework designed to streamline the process of testing and evaluating aerosol process modules over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The second is the CAM5 suite of physics parameterizations that have been ported into WRF so that their performance and scale dependency can be quantified at mesoscale spatial resolutions (Gustafson et al., 2010; with more publications in preparation).
