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Implications Of Nondiscretionary Accruals For Earnings Management And Market Based Research
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Book Synopsis Implications of Nondiscretionary Accruals for Earnings Management and Market-Based Research by : Patricia Dechow
Download or read book Implications of Nondiscretionary Accruals for Earnings Management and Market-Based Research written by Patricia Dechow and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates the implications of nondiscretionary accruals for earnings management and market-based accounting research. We develop a simple model in which earnings management is absent and nondiscretionary accruals perform their intended function of insulating earnings from non-cash working capital shocks. Our analysis indicates that existing techniques for measuring earnings management are likely to misclassify some nondiscretionary accruals as discretionary accruals. Further, we show that certain 'significant' results in existing earnings management research are consistent with the misclassification of nondiscretionary accruals. Finally, we provide a framework for understanding the pricing of cash flow and nondiscretionary accrual components of earnings.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Firm Growth and Model Specification Choices on Tests of Earnings Management by : Daniel W. Collins
Download or read book The Effects of Firm Growth and Model Specification Choices on Tests of Earnings Management written by Daniel W. Collins and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commonly used Jones-type discretionary accrual models applied in quarterly settings do not adequately control for nondiscretionary accruals that naturally occur due to firm growth. We show that the relation between quarterly accruals and backward-looking sales growth (measured over a rolling four-quarter window) and forward-looking firm growth (market-to-book ratio) is non-linear. Failure to control for the effects of firm growth and performance on innate accruals leads to excessive Type-I error rates in tests of earnings management. We propose simple refinements to Jones-type models that deal with non-linear growth and performance effects and show that the expanded models are well specified and exhibit high power in quarterly settings where one is testing for earnings management. The expanded models are able to identify the presence of earnings management in a sample of restatement firms. Our findings have important implications for the use of discretionary accrual models in earnings management research.
Book Synopsis Earnings Management by : Joshua Ronen
Download or read book Earnings Management written by Joshua Ronen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Book Synopsis Earnings Management in the Context of Fair Value Accounting by : Changling Chen
Download or read book Earnings Management in the Context of Fair Value Accounting written by Changling Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1980s, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has implemented several new fair value accounting rules that have resulted in unrealized fair value gains or losses in net income. However, accrual-based earnings management models such as the Modified Jones Model (MJM) of Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995) and other accrual models in the literature do not consider the net income effects of fair value accounting. The fair value hierarchy of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157 implies that valuation of level 1 and level 2 instruments is subject to observable market inputs, whereas the valuation inputs of level 3 are unobservable. Therefore, with respect to earnings management, level 3 instruments are more likely to be manipulated relative to level 1 and level 2 instruments. In this paper, we adjust the MJM by adding level 1 and level 2 instruments as explanatory variables to nondiscretionary accruals; we classify net income effects of level 3 instruments as discretionary accruals in our Fair Value Adjusted Modified Jones Model (FVAMJM). We show that the FVAMJM is more powerful than the MJM in detecting earnings manipulation based on level 3 instruments and is equally good in detecting expense and revenue manipulations. In addition, the nondiscretionary accruals derived under FVAMJM have incremental explanatory power to firm market value beyond the accruals of the traditional MJM; the discretionary accruals derived under FVAMJM contribute to identifying companies meeting or beating earnings targets after controlling for MJM discretionary accruals.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Earnings Management by : Malek El Diri
Download or read book Introduction to Earnings Management written by Malek El Diri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.
Book Synopsis The Association of Earnings Management with Current Returns, Current Market Values, Future Returns, Executive Compensation and the Likelihood of Being a Target of 10b-5 Litigation by : Christopher L. Jones
Download or read book The Association of Earnings Management with Current Returns, Current Market Values, Future Returns, Executive Compensation and the Likelihood of Being a Target of 10b-5 Litigation written by Christopher L. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploring Managers' Accrual-Related Forecast Bias by : Sami Keskek
Download or read book Exploring Managers' Accrual-Related Forecast Bias written by Sami Keskek and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we examine the effect of accrual-based earnings management on the association between managers' earnings forecast errors and accruals, which we label “managers' accrual-related forecast bias.” We build on extensive research which finds that managers engage in accrual-based earnings management to meet or beat earnings benchmarks and report smooth earnings series. We hypothesize that managers bias their subsequent-year forecasts in the direction of accruals management to increase market confidence in the managed earnings numbers. Consistent with our expectations, we find a positive association between managers' earnings forecast errors and discretionary accruals, but no association between managers' earnings forecast errors and nondiscretionary accruals. Furthermore, the association between managers' earnings forecast errors and discretionary accruals is stronger when managers have limited ability to continue managing subsequent-year accruals to support the bias in their forecasts. We also find a substantial decline in managers' accrual-related forecast bias following the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), which restricted managers' use of accrual-based earnings management. More importantly, we find that the effect of forecasting difficulty on managers' accrual-related forecast bias occurs only in the pre-SOX period. Overall, our results suggest that, contrary to claims in prior research, managers' accrual-related forecast bias is not simply a product of forecasting difficulty related to accruals. Rather, at least in some cases, it appears to be intentional.
Book Synopsis Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management : Impact of Equity Compensation and Market Pricing by : 陳軒晟
Download or read book Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management : Impact of Equity Compensation and Market Pricing written by 陳軒晟 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Management's Ability and Incentives to Affect the Timing and Magnitude of Accounting Accruals by :
Download or read book Studies on Management's Ability and Incentives to Affect the Timing and Magnitude of Accounting Accruals written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earnings Accruals and Real Activities Management around Initial Public Offerings by : Peter Ising
Download or read book Earnings Accruals and Real Activities Management around Initial Public Offerings written by Peter Ising and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beginning of the new millennium was characterized by company scandals in accounting around the world. A transparent and fair presentation of financial statements is beneficial for capital market participants. Especially around initial public offerings different incentives of these players exist to influence financial statements in diverse aspects. Therefore, studies of earnings management try to identify abnormal behavior. Peter Ising covers additional aspects to shed light on substantial drivers of discretionary reporting behavior around going public. Factors like influence on real activities, industry affiliation, and specific years in the IPO process add further insight to this theoretical and practical topic. The dependence on these factors is high and confirms that company specifics are important for interpretation of financial results.
Book Synopsis Errors in Estimating Accruals by : Daniel W. Collins
Download or read book Errors in Estimating Accruals written by Daniel W. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of measuring accruals as the change in successive balance sheet accounts, as opposed to measuring accruals directly from the statement of cash flows. We demonstrate that the balance sheet approach to measuring accruals, which is the dominant method used in the literature to date, introduces significant measurement error into accruals estimates. Results show that the direction and magnitude of the bias in accruals estimates is related to the presence of mergers and acquisitions, discontinued operations, and to a lesser extent, foreign currency translations. Our primary finding is that studies using a balance sheet approach to test for earnings management are potentially contaminated. In particular, if the partitioning variable used to indicate the presence of earnings management is correlated with the occurrence of mergers and acquisitions or discontinued operations, researchers are likely to erroneously conclude that earnings management exists when there is none. Additional results show that the bias in balance sheet accruals estimation can confound regressions where discretionary and non-discretionary accruals are used as explanatory variables. Moreover, we demonstrate that tests of market mispricing of accruals will be understated due to erroneous classification of quot;extremequot; accruals firms.
Book Synopsis Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market by : George J. Papaioannou
Download or read book Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market written by George J. Papaioannou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market integrates practice, theory and evidence from the global underwriting industry to present a comprehensive description and analysis of underwriting practices. After covering the regulation and mechanics of the underwriting process, it considers economic topics such as underwriting costs and compensation, the pricing of new issues, the stock price and operating performance of issuing firms, the evaluation of new issue decisions, and an analysis of the many choices issuers face in structuring new issues. Unlike other books, it systematically develops a critical perspective about underwriting practices, both in the U.S. and international markets, and with a level of detail unavailable elsewhere and an approach that reveals how financial institutions deliver underwriting services. Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market delivers an innovative and long overdue look at security issuance. Foreword by Frank Fabozzi Covers underwriting contracts and arrangements on pricing and costs Focuses on the financial consequences of the issuance decision for the firm Describes and evaluates decisions regarding the features and structure of new security offerings.
Book Synopsis Earnings Management and The Post-Issue Underperformance of Seasoned Equity Offerings by : Siew Hong Teoh, Ivo Welch, T.J. Wong
Download or read book Earnings Management and The Post-Issue Underperformance of Seasoned Equity Offerings written by Siew Hong Teoh, Ivo Welch, T.J. Wong and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determinants and Consequences of Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management by : Daniel Spring
Download or read book Determinants and Consequences of Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management written by Daniel Spring and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :James L. Bicksler Publisher :Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Publishing Company ISBN 13 : Total Pages :472 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Handbook of Financial Economics by : James L. Bicksler
Download or read book Handbook of Financial Economics written by James L. Bicksler and published by Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Accrual Quality and Real Activity-based Earnings Management in the Pre and Post Sarbanes-Oxley Eras by : Nicholas Christopher Lynch
Download or read book Trends in Accrual Quality and Real Activity-based Earnings Management in the Pre and Post Sarbanes-Oxley Eras written by Nicholas Christopher Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in the prevalence of earnings restatements and cases of financial statement fraud in the early 21st century led to a significant loss of market capitalization and investor confidence in the attestation process. In an effort to restore such confidence, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in July of 2002. The Act significantly increased the penalties for engaging in accrual activities aimed at either misleading users of the financial statements concerning the underlying economic condition of the firm or influencing contractual outcomes. As a result of the increased penalties for engaging in accrual activities, one would expect a relative shift from accrual activities to real activities to facilitate earnings management in the post-SOX period. As with most academic social disciplines, the test employed in my dissertation is a joint test of the sensitivity of the tools available to detect management activities, the research design, and the presence and strength of the effect for which I am searching. This dissertation is the first to test for changes in both accrual quality and real activity-based earnings management in the post-SOX period. The findings of the study empirically support a change in earnings management techniques in the post-SOX period compared to the pre-SOX period. Specifically, the quality of accruals incorporated into the accounting earnings figure have significantly increased in the post-SOX period. However, instances of earnings management using real activities have also significantly increased in the post-Sox period. These findings inform academics about the power of the tools used in academic accounting research and the overall quality of the argument. They inform users of financial statements about where to direct their attention in reading and evaluating the financials. Finally, they inform regulators, practitioners and policy makers of the effectiveness of the law at improving the quality of accruals, and bring to their attention a potential substitution in the techniques used to manage earnings.
Book Synopsis Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality by : Ralf Ewert
Download or read book Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality written by Ralf Ewert and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality reviews and illustrates earnings management, conservatism, and their effects on earnings quality in an economic modeling framework. Both earnings management and conservative accounting introduce biases to financial reports. The fundamental issue addressed is what economic effects these biases have on earnings quality or financial reporting quality. Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality reviews analytical models of earnings management and conservatism and shows that both can have beneficial or detrimental economic effects, so a differentiated view is appropriate. Earnings management can provide additional information via the financial reporting communication channel, but it can also be used to misrepresent the firm's position. What the authors find is that similar to earnings management, conservatism can reduce the information content of financial reports if it suppresses relevant information, but it can be a desirable feature that improves economic efficiency. The approach to study earnings management, conservatism, and earnings quality is based on the information economics literature. A variety of analytical models are reviewed that capture the effects and subtle interactions of managers' incentives and rational expectations of users. The benefit of analytical models is to make precise these, often highly complex, strategic effects. They offer a rigorous explanation for the phenomena and show that sometimes conventional wisdom does not apply. The monograph is organized around a few basic model settings, which are presented in simple versions first and then in extensions to elicit the main insights most clearly. Chapter 2 presents the basic rational expectations equilibrium model with earnings management and rational inferences by the capital market. Chapter 3 is devoted to earnings quality and earnings quality metrics used in many studies. Chapter 4 studies conservatism in accounting. Finally, the authors examine the interaction between conservatism and earnings management. Each chapter ends with a section containing a summary of the main findings and conclusions.
