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Impact Of Plasma Wall Interactions On The Burn Dynamics Of Tokamak Reactors
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Book Synopsis Impact of Plasma Wall Interactions on the Burn Dynamics of Tokamak Reactors by : Michael Raymond Gordinier
Download or read book Impact of Plasma Wall Interactions on the Burn Dynamics of Tokamak Reactors written by Michael Raymond Gordinier and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma-material Interactions in Current Tokamaks and Their Implications for Next-step Fusion Reactors by :
Download or read book Plasma-material Interactions in Current Tokamaks and Their Implications for Next-step Fusion Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major increase in discharge duration and plasma energy in a next-step DT [deuterium-tritium] fusion reactor will give rise to important plasma-material effects that will critically influence its operation, safety, and performance. Erosion will increase to a scale of several centimeters from being barely measurable at a micron scale in today's tokamaks. Tritium co-deposited with carbon will strongly affect the operation of machines with carbon plasma-facing components. Controlling plasma wall interactions is critical to achieving high performance in present-day tokamaks and this is likely to continue to be the case in the approach to practical fusion reactors. Recognition of the important consequences of these phenomena has stimulated an internationally coordinated effort in the field of plasma-surface interactions supporting the Engineering Design Activities of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project and significant progress has been made in better under standing these issues. This paper reviews the underlying physical processes and the existing experimental database of plasma-material interactions both in tokamaks and laboratory simulation facilities for conditions of direct relevance to next-step fusion reactors. Two main topical groups of interactions are considered: (i) erosion/redeposition from plasma sputtering and disruptions, including dust and flake generation, (ii) tritium retention and removal. The use of modeling tools to interpret the experimental results and make projections for conditions expected in future devices is explained. Outstanding technical issues and specific recommendations on potential R and D [Research and Development] avenues for their resolution are presented.
Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-04 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulations of Burn Dynamics in Tokamak Fusion Reactors by : M. J. Mantsinen
Download or read book Simulations of Burn Dynamics in Tokamak Fusion Reactors written by M. J. Mantsinen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Responses of Tokamak Reactor First Walls During Cyclic Plasma Burns by :
Download or read book Thermal Responses of Tokamak Reactor First Walls During Cyclic Plasma Burns written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CINDA-3G computer code has been adapted to analyze the thermal responses and operating limitations of two fusion reactor first-wall concepts under normal cyclic operation. A component of an LMFBR computer has been modified and adapted to analyze the ablative behavior of first-walls after a plasma disruption. The first-wall design concepts considered are a forced-circulation water-cooled stainless steel panel with and without a monolithic graphite liner. The thermal gradients in the metal wall and liner have been determined for several burn-cycle scenarios and the extent of surface ablation that results from a plasma disruption has been determined for stainless steel and graphite first surfaces.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Burn Condition and Kinetic Profile Control in Tokamak Fusion Reactors by : Mark D. Boyer II
Download or read book Nonlinear Burn Condition and Kinetic Profile Control in Tokamak Fusion Reactors written by Mark D. Boyer II and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most promising devices for realizing power production through nuclear fusion is the tokamak. In order to maximize performance, it is preferable that tokamaks achieve operating scenarios characterized by good plasma confinement, improved magnetohydrodynamic stability, and a largely non-inductively driven plasma current. Such scenarios could enable steady-state reactor operation with high fusion gain, the ratio of fusion power produced to the external heating power needed to sustain reactions. There are many experimental tokamaks around the world, each exploring different facets of plasma physics and fusion technology. These experiments have reached the point where the power released from fusion is nearly equal to the power input required to heat the plasma. The next experimental step is ITER, which aims to reach a fusion gain exceeding ten for short pulses, and to sustain a gain of five for longer pulses (around 1000 s). In order for ITER to be a success, several challenging control engineering problems must be addressed. Among these challenges is to precisely regulate the plasma density and temperature, or burn condition. Due to the nonlinear and coupled dynamics of the system, modulation of the burn condition (either during ramp-up/shut-down or in response to changing power demands) without a well designed control scheme could result in undesirable transient performance. Feedback control will also be necessary for responding to unexpected changes in plasma confinement, impurity content, or other parameters, which could significantly alter the burn condition during operation. Furthermore, although stable operating points exist for most confinement scalings, certain conditions can lead to thermal instabilities. Such instabilities can either lead to quenching or a thermal excursion in which the system moves to a higher temperature equilibrium point. In any of these situations, disruptive plasma instabilities could be triggered, stopping operation and potentially causing damage to the confinement vessel. In this work, the problem of burn condition control is addressed through the design of a nonlinear control law guaranteeing stability of desired equilibria. Multiple actuation methods, including auxiliary heating, isotopic fueling, and impurity injection, are used to ensure the burn condition is regulated even when actuators saturate. An adaptive control scheme is used to handle model uncertainty, and an online optimization scheme is proposed to ensure that the plasma is driven to an operating point that minimizes an arbitrary cost function. Due to the possible limited availability of diagnostic systems in ITER and future reactors, an output feedback control scheme is also proposed that combines the nonlinear controller with an observer that estimates the states of the burning plasma system based on available measurements. Finally, the control scheme is tested using the integrated modeling code METIS. The control of spatial profiles of parameters, including current, density, and temperature, is also an important challenge in fusion research, due to their effect on MHD stability, non-inductive current drive, and fusion power. In this work, the problem of kinetic profile control in burning plasmas is addressed through a nonlinear boundary feedback control law designed using a technique called backstepping. A novel implementation of the backstepping technique is used that enables the use of both boundary and interior actuation. The backstepping technique is then applied to the problem of current profile control in both low-confinement and high-confinement mode discharges in the DIII-D tokamak based on a first-principles-driven model of the current profile evolution. Both designs are demonstrated in simulations and experimental tests.
Book Synopsis Tokamak Burn Phase Energy Optimization with Volumetric and Wall Interaction Effects by : Alan Vincent Wojchouski
Download or read book Tokamak Burn Phase Energy Optimization with Volumetric and Wall Interaction Effects written by Alan Vincent Wojchouski and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Federico Bribiesca Argomedo Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3319019589 Total Pages :105 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (19 download)
Book Synopsis Safety Factor Profile Control in a Tokamak by : Federico Bribiesca Argomedo
Download or read book Safety Factor Profile Control in a Tokamak written by Federico Bribiesca Argomedo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control of the Safety Factor Profile in a Tokamak uses Lyapunov techniques to address a challenging problem for which even the simplest physically relevant models are represented by nonlinear, time-dependent, partial differential equations (PDEs). This is because of the spatiotemporal dynamics of transport phenomena (magnetic flux, heat, densities, etc.) in the anisotropic plasma medium. Robustness considerations are ubiquitous in the analysis and control design since direct measurements on the magnetic flux are impossible (its estimation relies on virtual sensors) and large uncertainties remain in the coupling between the plasma particles and the radio-frequency waves (distributed inputs). The Brief begins with a presentation of the reference dynamical model and continues by developing a Lyapunov function for the discretized system (in a polytopic linear-parameter-varying formulation). The limitations of this finite-dimensional approach motivate new developments in the infinite-dimensional framework. The text then tackles the construction of an input-to-state-stability Lyapunov function for the infinite-dimensional system that handles the medium anisotropy and provides a common basis for analytical robustness results. This function is used as a control-Lyapunov function and allows the amplitude and nonlinear shape constraints in the control action to be dealt with. Finally, the Brief addresses important application- and implementation-specific concerns. In particular, the coupling of the PDE and the finite-dimensional subsystem representing the evolution of the boundary condition (magnetic coils) and the introduction of profile-reconstruction delays in the control loop (induced by solving a 2-D inverse problem for computing the magnetic flux) is analyzed. Simulation results are presented for various operation scenarios on Tore Supra (simulated with METIS) and on TCV (simulated with RAPTOR). Control of the Safety Factor Profile in a Tokamak will be of interest to both academic and industrially-based researchers interested in nuclear energy and plasma-containment control systems, and graduate students in nuclear and control engineering.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Tokamak Plasma Experiments and Reactors by :
Download or read book Dynamics of Tokamak Plasma Experiments and Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the present state of knowledge, the design of fusion reactors is based on scaling which has not been fully verified experimentally. Various choices of scaling laws can be made, leading to different results. Design studies demonstrate sensitivity to the scaling laws assumed. Models are described suitable for simulating the energy and particle balances of a tokamak plasma, for surveying the range of parameters possible during operation, and for surveying the sensitivities of the parameters to system changes. Physical models for transport losses, beam-plasma interactions, noncircular plasma behavior, sputtering, impurity effects, and reactor control are included. The calculations based on these models are tested against present experimental results and are used to predict the behavior of future devices. Power balance results and their sensitivities are focused primarily on the ORNL Experimental Power Reactor (EPR), Demonstration Power Reactor (Demo), and Commercial Power Reactor (CPR) Designs. The sizes of these plants and the ranges of their possible power outputs are discussed. The limitations on the operation of these devices due to constraints such as beta limits, sputtering, and impurity buildup are described. Conclusions which result from applying the model to the systems noted above, but which are applicable to tokamak design in general, are presented.
Book Synopsis Tokamak Plasma Modelling by : William Craig Doskocil
Download or read book Tokamak Plasma Modelling written by William Craig Doskocil and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy: a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes by :
Download or read book Energy: a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
Book Synopsis Tearing Mode Dynamics in Tokamak Plasmas by : Richard Fitzpatrick
Download or read book Tearing Mode Dynamics in Tokamak Plasmas written by Richard Fitzpatrick and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of humankind's ultimate energy source, nuclear fusion, has proceeded slowly but surely over the course of the last 60 years. This comprehensive book aims to outline a realistic, comprehensive, self-consistent, analytic theory of tearing mode dynamics in tokamak plasmas. It discusses a fluid theory of a highly magnetized plasma that treats the electrons and ions as independent fluids, and then proceeds to develop the theory of tearing modes, first approximating the geometry of a tokamak plasma as a periodic cylinder, but eventually considering the toroidal structure of real tokamak plasmas. This book also describes the stability of tearing modes, the saturation of such modes, and the evolution of their phase velocity due to interaction with other tearing modes, as well as the resistive vacuum vessel, and imperfections in the tokamak's magnetic field. This text will appeal to scientists and graduate students engaged in nuclear fusion research, and would make a useful reference for graduate plasma physics courses. Part of IOP Series in Plasma Physics.
Download or read book Plasma Physics Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
