Impact Fees And The Role Of The State

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A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability

Author : Arthur C. Nelson
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1610910842
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability by : Arthur C. Nelson

Download or read book A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability written by Arthur C. Nelson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact fees are one-time charges that are applied to new residential developments by local governments that are seeking funds to pay for the construction or expansion of public facilities, such as water and sewer systems, schools, libraries, and parks and recreation facilities. In the face of taxpayer revolts against increases in property taxes, impact fees are used increasingly by local governments throughout the U.S. to finance construction or improvement of their infrastructure. Recent estimates suggest that 60 percent of all American cities with over 25,000 residents use some form of impact fees. In California, it is estimated that 90 percent of such cities impose impact fees. For more than thirty years, impact fees have been calculated based on proportionate share of the cost of the infrastructure improvements that are to be funded by the fees. However, neither laws nor courts have ensured that fees charged to new homes are themselves proportionate. For example, the impact fee may be the same for every home in a new development, even when homes vary widely in size and selling price. Data show, however, that smaller and less costly homes have fewer people living in them and thus less impact on facilities than larger homes. This use of a flat impact fee for all residential units disproportionately affects lower-income residents. The purpose of this guidebook is to help practitioners design impact fees that are equitable. It demonstrates exactly how a fair impact fee program can be designed and implemented. In addition, it includes information on the history of impact fees, discusses alternatives to impact fees, and summarizes state legislation that can infl uence the design of local fee programs. Case studies provide useful illustrations of successful programs. This book should be the first place that planning professionals, public officials, land use lawyers, developers, homebuilders, and citizen activists turn for help in crafting (or recrafting) proportionate-share impact fee programs.

Impact Fees and the Role of the State

Author : DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780788117886
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact Fees and the Role of the State by : DIANE Publishing Company

Download or read book Impact Fees and the Role of the State written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes fee consequences and develops guidance for States in drafting enabling legislation for impact fees. Recommends State standards and uniform procedures for local impact fee programs that will minimize effects on housing prices and also ensure adequate capital facilities to support growth. Bibliography. 9 tables and figures.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct

Author : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781590318737
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates

Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Spatial Planning in Ghana

Author : Ransford A. Acheampong
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030020118
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatial Planning in Ghana by : Ransford A. Acheampong

Download or read book Spatial Planning in Ghana written by Ransford A. Acheampong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents and analyses spatial planning in Ghana, providing a comprehensive and critical discussion of the evolving institutional and legal arrangements that have shaped and defined Ghana’s spatial planning system for more than seven decades; the contemporary policy instruments and mechanisms for articulating and implementing policies and proposals at multiple scales; and the formally established procedures for development management. It covers important themes in contemporary spatial planning discourse, including the evolving meaning, scope and purpose of spatial planning globally; the scales of spatial planning (i.e. national, regional, sub-regional and local); multi-level integration within spatial planning; public participation; the interface between urbanization, sustainable growth management and spatial planning; spatial planning and housing development; integrated spatial development and transportation planning; and spatial planning and the urban informal economy. Intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and academic researchers and practitioners/policy-makers in the multidisciplinary field of spatial planning, it appeals to readers seeking an international perspective on spatial planning systems and practices.

The Homevoter Hypothesis

Author : William A. Fischel
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674036901
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis The Homevoter Hypothesis by : William A. Fischel

Download or read book The Homevoter Hypothesis written by William A. Fischel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as investors want the companies they hold equity in to do well, homeowners have a financial interest in the success of their communities. If neighborhood schools are good, if property taxes and crime rates are low, then the value of the homeowner’s principal asset—his home—will rise. Thus, as William Fischel shows, homeowners become watchful citizens of local government, not merely to improve their quality of life, but also to counteract the risk to their largest asset, a risk that cannot be diversified. Meanwhile, their vigilance promotes a municipal governance that provides services more efficiently than do the state or national government. Fischel has coined the portmanteau word “homevoter” to crystallize the connection between homeownership and political involvement. The link neatly explains several vexing puzzles, such as why displacement of local taxation by state funds reduces school quality and why local governments are more likely to be efficient providers of environmental amenities. The Homevoter Hypothesis thereby makes a strong case for decentralization of the fiscal and regulatory functions of government.

Value Capture and Land Policies

Author : Gregory K. Ingram
Publisher : Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN 13 : 9781558442276
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Value Capture and Land Policies by : Gregory K. Ingram

Download or read book Value Capture and Land Policies written by Gregory K. Ingram and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2012 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Attention to value capture as a source of public revenue has been increasing in the United States and internationally as some governments experience declines in revenue from traditional sources and others face rapid urban population growth and require large investments in public infrastructure. Privately funded improvements by land-owners can increase the value of their land and property. Public actions, such as investments in infrastructure, the provision of public services, and planning and land use regulation, can also affect the value of land and property. Value capture is a means to realize as public revenue some portion of that increase in value through various revenue-raising instruments. This book, based on the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy's sixth annual land policy conference in May 2011, examines the concept of value capture, its forms, and applications. The first section, on the conceptual framework and history of value capture, reviews its relationship to compensation for partial takings; the long history of value capture policies in Britain and France; and the remarkable expansion of tax increment financing in California. The second section reviews the application of particular instruments of value capture, including the conversion of rural to urban land in China, town planning schemes in India, and community benefit agreements. The third section focuses on ends instead of means and examines the use of value capture by community land trusts to provide affordable housing, the use of land development to finance transit, and the use of various fees to fund airports. The final section explores potential extensions of value capture mechanisms to tax-exempt nonprofits and to the management of state trust lands in the United States."--Publisher's website.

Growth Management and Affordable Housing

Author : Anthony Downs
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815796589
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (965 download)

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Book Synopsis Growth Management and Affordable Housing by : Anthony Downs

Download or read book Growth Management and Affordable Housing written by Anthony Downs and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-06-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advocates of growth management and smart growth often propose policies that raise housing prices, thereby making housing less affordable to many households trying to buy or rent homes. Such policies include urban growth boundaries, zoning restrictions on multi-family housing, utility district lines, building permit caps, and even construction moratoria. Does this mean there is an inherent conflict between growth management and smart growth on the one hand, and creating more affordable housing on the other? Or can growth management and smart growth promote policies that help increase the supply of affordable housing? These issues are critical to the future of affordable housing because so many local communities are adopting various forms of growth management or smart growth in response to growth-related problems. Those problems include rising traffic congestion, the absorption of open space by new subdivisions, and higher taxes to pay for new infrastructures. This book explores the relationship between growth management and smart growth and affordable housing in depth. It draws from material presented at a symposium on these subjects held at the Brookings Institution in May 2003, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the National Association of Realtors, and the Fannie Mae Foundation. Contributors seek to inform the debate and provide some useful answers to help the nation accommodate the curtailment of growth in urban and suburban domains while still ensuring a supply of affordable housing. Contributors include Karen Destorel Brown (Brookings), Robert Burchell, (Rutgers University), Daniel Carlson (University of Washington), David L. Crawford (Econsult Corporation), Anthony Downs (Brookings), Ingrid Gould Ellen (New York University), William Fischel (Dartmouth College), George C. Galster (Wayne State University), Jill Khadduri (Abt Associates), Gerrit J. Knaap (University of Maryland), Robert Lang (Virginia Polytechnic

A Pound of Flesh

Author : Alexes Harris
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610448553
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis A Pound of Flesh by : Alexes Harris

Download or read book A Pound of Flesh written by Alexes Harris and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over seven million Americans are either incarcerated, on probation, or on parole, with their criminal records often following them for life and affecting access to higher education, jobs, and housing. Court-ordered monetary sanctions that compel criminal defendants to pay fines, fees, surcharges, and restitution further inhibit their ability to reenter society. In A Pound of Flesh, sociologist Alexes Harris analyzes the rise of monetary sanctions in the criminal justice system and shows how they permanently penalize and marginalize the poor. She exposes the damaging effects of a little-understood component of criminal sentencing and shows how it further perpetuates racial and economic inequality. Harris draws from extensive sentencing data, legal documents, observations of court hearings, and interviews with defendants, judges, prosecutors, and other court officials. She documents how low-income defendants are affected by monetary sanctions, which include fees for public defenders and a variety of processing charges. Until these debts are paid in full, individuals remain under judicial supervision, subject to court summons, warrants, and jail stays. As a result of interest and surcharges that accumulate on unpaid financial penalties, these monetary sanctions often become insurmountable legal debts which many offenders carry for the remainder of their lives. Harris finds that such fiscal sentences, which are imposed disproportionately on low-income minorities, help create a permanent economic underclass and deepen social stratification. A Pound of Flesh delves into the court practices of five counties in Washington State to illustrate the ways in which subjective sentencing shapes the practice of monetary sanctions. Judges and court clerks hold a considerable degree of discretion in the sentencing and monitoring of monetary sanctions and rely on individual values—such as personal responsibility, meritocracy, and paternalism—to determine how much and when offenders should pay. Harris shows that monetary sanctions are imposed at different rates across jurisdictions, with little or no state government oversight. Local officials’ reliance on their own values and beliefs can also push offenders further into debt—for example, when judges charge defendants who lack the means to pay their fines with contempt of court and penalize them with additional fines or jail time. A Pound of Flesh provides a timely examination of how monetary sanctions permanently bind poor offenders to the judicial system. Harris concludes that in letting monetary sanctions go unchecked, we have created a two-tiered legal system that imposes additional burdens on already-marginalized groups.

Municipal Revenues and Land Policies

Author : Gregory K. Ingram
Publisher : Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN 13 : 9781558442085
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Municipal Revenues and Land Policies by : Gregory K. Ingram

Download or read book Municipal Revenues and Land Policies written by Gregory K. Ingram and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2010 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Proceedings of the 2009 Land Policy Conference."--Cover.

Land of the Fee

Author : Devin Fergus
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199970173
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Land of the Fee by : Devin Fergus

Download or read book Land of the Fee written by Devin Fergus and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The loans ordinary Americans take out to purchase homes and attend college often leave them in a sea of debt. As Devin Fergus explains in Land of the Fee, a not-insignificant portion of that debt comes in the form of predatory hidden fees attached to everyday transactions. Beginning in the 1980s, lobbyists for the financial industry helped dismantle consumer protections, resulting in surreptitious fees-often waived for those who can afford them but not for those who can't. Bluntly put, these hidden fees unfairly keep millions of Americans from their hard-earned money. Journalists and policymakers have identified the primary causes of increasing wealth inequality-fewer good working class jobs, a rise in finance-driven speculative capitalism, and a surge of tax policy decisions that benefit the ultra-rich, among others. However, they miss one commonplace but substantial contributor to the widening divide between the rich and the rest: the explosion of fees on every transaction people make in their daily lives. Land of the Fee traces the system of fees from its origins in the deregulatory wave of the late 1970s to the present. The average consumer now pays a dizzying array of charges for mortgage contracts, banking transactions, auto insurance rates, college payments, and payday loans. These fees are buried in the pages of small-print agreements that few consumers read or understand. Because these fees do not fall under usury laws, they have redistributed wealth to large corporations and their largest shareholders. By exposing this predatory and nearly invisible system of fees, Land of the Fee reshapes our understanding of wealth inequality in America.

The End of Welfare?

Author : Max Sawicky
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
ISBN 13 : 9780765604552
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Welfare? by : Max Sawicky

Download or read book The End of Welfare? written by Max Sawicky and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1999 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the consequences of federal devolution on state budgets, this work deals with three major areas of concern: the effect of moving large numbers of welfare recipients into labour markets; the planned federal reforms in the health care field; and trends in federal aid.

The Suburban Squeeze

Author : David E. Dowall
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520327977
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis The Suburban Squeeze by : David E. Dowall

Download or read book The Suburban Squeeze written by David E. Dowall and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984.

A Practitioner's Guide to Development Impact Fees

Author : James C. Nicholas
Publisher : American Planning Association
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Practitioner's Guide to Development Impact Fees by : James C. Nicholas

Download or read book A Practitioner's Guide to Development Impact Fees written by James C. Nicholas and published by American Planning Association. This book was released on 1991 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about development impact fees. Impact fees shift a portion of the burden of teh cost of new or expanded facilities to accommodate new development away from the community at large to new development itself.

Higher Education Opportunity Act

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Higher Education Opportunity Act by : United States

Download or read book Higher Education Opportunity Act written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities by :

Download or read book Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Basis of Assets

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Basis of Assets by :

Download or read book Basis of Assets written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation

Author : Arthur C. Nelson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000782913
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation by : Arthur C. Nelson

Download or read book Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation written by Arthur C. Nelson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of evolving practice often tested in court, development impact fees have become institutionalized in the American planning and local government finance systems. But, they remain contentious, especially as they continue to evolve. This book is the third in a series of impact fee guidebooks for practitioners, following A Practitioner’s Guide to Development Impact Fees and Impact Fees: Proportionate Share Development Fees. Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation is the culmination of the authors’ careers devoted to pioneering applications of the dual rational nexus test. That test requires (1) establishing the rational nexus between the need for infrastructure, broadly defined, to mitigate the impacts of development and (2) ensuring that development mitigating its infrastructure impacts benefits proportionately. The book elevates professional practice in two ways. First, it shows how the rational nexus test can be applied to all forms of development infrastructure impact mitigation. Second, it establishes the link between professional ethics and equity as applied to proportionate share impact fees and development mitigation. The book is divided into four parts, with the first reviewing policy and legal foundations, the second detailing the planning, calculation, and implementation requirements, the third exploring economic, ethical, and equity implications, and the fourth presenting state-of-the-art case studies. Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation sets new standards for professional practice.