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Immune Involvement In Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
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Book Synopsis Immune Involvement in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by : Gendie Lash
Download or read book Immune Involvement in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss written by Gendie Lash and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20th week of gestation, occuring in 1%–3% of reproductive women. Unexplained RPL (URPL) is a heterogeneous condition affecting approximately 50% of RPL cases, with one contributing factor thought to be a disruption in maternal immune tolerance. Various immune effectors and molecules in the immune-microenvironment establish specific maternal tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy. Immune cells including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), myeloid cells, T cells and B cells have been found to contribute to maintaining this maternal immunological tolerance during pregnancy. ILCs have been found to be the most abundant immune cells in the pregnant uterus, with many studies focusing on the relationship between RPL and either T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and the endometrium/decidua. Despite progress in uncovering the roles of NK, and regulatory T cells and cytokines in pregnancy, the immune heterogeneity in patients with URPL remains elusive.
Book Synopsis Recurrent Miscarriage and Pre-eclampsia by : Rhoda Wilson
Download or read book Recurrent Miscarriage and Pre-eclampsia written by Rhoda Wilson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of antioxidants and of the immune systemin the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriage. Whilstmany papers have discussed the role of antioxidants in pre-eclampsiaand, that of the immune system, hitherto publication has notconsidered the two simultaneously.
Book Synopsis Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Implantation Failure by : Joanna Kwak-Kim
Download or read book Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Implantation Failure written by Joanna Kwak-Kim and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-07-03 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss provides doctors and immunologists with the information they need to help couples who experience recurrent pregnancy losses. Sections cover unexplained infertility, repeated in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer failures, history of second or third trimester pregnancy losses of unknown cause, or pregnancy with a history of or active autoimmune and/or alloimmune disease. Reproductive failure (RF), including recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and repeated implantation failures (RIF) is rather a syndrome than a disease caused by multiple etiologies, such as anatomical, endocrine, genetic, infectious, immunological, thrombotic and unexplained etiologies, hence this book strives to present the latest information. In 27 chapters, divided in 5 sections, the book introduces the current update of reproductive immunology topics in RF and provides systematic diagnostic guidelines, systemic and immune etiologies and therapeutic approaches. Provides detailed immunological background for understanding the etiology and management of reproduction failure Evaluates various immunological factors involved in the pathogenesis and management of reproduction failure Gives insights into various immunological and therapeutic approaches for reproduction failure
Book Synopsis Immunology of Pregnancy by : Udo R. Markert
Download or read book Immunology of Pregnancy written by Udo R. Markert and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the discipline of immunology which studies a unique physiological phenomenon contradicting many of the generally established rules in the field: immunology of pregnancy. It provides a wide overview of the current research of this topic. Prominent and leading international groups contributed by reviewing the most significant findings in the field.
Book Synopsis Immunology of Pregnancy by : Gil Mor
Download or read book Immunology of Pregnancy written by Gil Mor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-27 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers in detail contemporary hypotheses and studies related to the immunology of implantation and provides a practical approach for the application of basic reproductive immunology research to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, pre-term labor and IUGR. Provides complete and up to date review of current knowledge of the role of the immune system during pregnancy and the interactions between the placenta and the maternal immune system.
Book Synopsis Immunology of Pregnancy 2013 by : Gérard Chaouat
Download or read book Immunology of Pregnancy 2013 written by Gérard Chaouat and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since a September, 1992, Nature article which read: “Can there be life without LIF?”, researchers now realize that the maternal immune system is both a foe (it can reject the conception) and a friend (immune cells and molecules are also necessary for successful pregnancy). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) when absent, prevents embryo implantation in rodents. From fecundation to parturition, immunity acts as a Janus, required but potentially dangerous. However, the complexity and the diversity of immunity in pregnancy deters many from entering the field. This book will try to give a complete overview of immunity from gametes till parturition, in brief, but with complete chapters and subsections, each written by specialists in the field. The importance of the topic relies not only on “the riddle of the fetal allograft”, which is per se fascinating, but on its consequences, linked to the development of IVF and in general, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) / Medicine. Since the discovery that there would not be (mammalian) life without LIF, it has become clear that Immune Molecules, and in general, transient post mating inflammatory reactions are required for successful implantation. Disruptions of this process can lead to implantation failure / sterility. In later stages of pregnancy immunological cells, mostly of the innate immune system, control formation of local spiral arteries. Finally, a state of tolerance establishes itself, whose “break’ leads to immune abortion and the vascular bed is further transformed and enlarged, till delivery, and here again “immunological cytokines” do play a major role and can eventually cause immune mediated abortion. Failure of, not just, the cytokine and cell recognition mediated dialogue, but also the pre and peri-implantation “preparation of the uterus”, as stated, leads to sterility, early pregnancy loss and recurrent abortions. There is also an increasingly stronger argument to implicate immunology in pre-eclampsia. Further still, immunology is also implicated in the control of local infection, mother to child transmission of pathogens (notably, but not limited to, HIV). Finally, pregnancy is the only known physiological phenomenon where the once named “suppressor T cells,” re-emerge as “regulatory T cells”, and play a cardinal role. This E-book provides a complete compendium of gynecological immunology, spanning from fecundation to delivery. Topics also include the role of various cell types (such as T regs ad NK cells) in implantation and uterine changes as well as the genetic regulation of immunological processes. As such it will be of interest not only to fundamental and reproductive immunologists, but more importantly, clinicians in obstetrics and gynecology.
Book Synopsis Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by : Howard Carp
Download or read book Recurrent Pregnancy Loss written by Howard Carp and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recurrent pregnancy loss presents a vexing clinical problem primarily for medical professionals treating patients in reproductive medicine and in maternal-fetal medicine. However, with its numerous causes and various suggested treatment options, the problem is more multidisciplinary in nature, involving gynecology, genetics, endocrinology, immunolo
Book Synopsis Treatment Strategy for Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent Miscarriage by : Keiji Kuroda
Download or read book Treatment Strategy for Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent Miscarriage written by Keiji Kuroda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a highly informative guide to treating unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriage (RM). In particular, it provides detailed treatment strategies for infertility or RM derived from uterine circumstance such as chronic endometritis and perturbation of endometrial decidualization, as well as maternal immunological rejection of an embryo as semi-allograft. Unexplained infertility refers to those types that cannot be detected by the general screening test. The causes are sometimes detected in the course of treatment with assisted reproductive technology including IVF. However, some unexplained infertility is intractable even after intracytoplasmic sperm injection or repeated implantation of morphologically suitable embryos. Patients with unexplained RM also have a high likelihood of undetectable risk factors of miscarriage. As a result, gynecologists often repeatedly provide these couples with general treatments for infertility and miscarriage or even discontinue treatment because they cannot detect the reason, which places serious financial, physical and mental burdens on the couples affected. This book offers gynecologists essential insights into the pathological condition of unexplained infertility and RM, equipping them to identify it, explain it to patients, and consider further examinations and more aggressive fertility treatments.
Book Synopsis The Maternal Fetal Interface by : Anthony Carter
Download or read book The Maternal Fetal Interface written by Anthony Carter and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 1998 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 29 papers contained in this volume look closely at various aspects of what is termed, "The Maternal-Fetal Interface," as it relates to the latest research in placental science. A substantial section of the book is devoted to the troublesome question of vertical transmission of infectious agents: namely, the HIV-1 virus. However, other sections of the volume examine related issues such as drug and toxin transfer across the term placenta and the diversity of placental types and how this can affect a placenta's effectiveness as a barrier. Anthony Carter is at the University of Odense, Denmark Vibeke Dantzer is at the University of Copenhagen, DenmarkThomas Jansson is at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Book Synopsis Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by : Sumita Mehta
Download or read book Recurrent Pregnancy Loss written by Sumita Mehta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the entire topic of recurrent miscarriage extensively. Chapters cover demographics to recent and future management options. A special section on the role of controversial strategies has also been included. Lastly, the book features dedicated chapters on evidence-based approaches, which include step-by-step algorithms for the reader’s convenience.
Book Synopsis Lymphocyte Immunization Therapy (LIT) in Reproductive Failures by : Mohan Raut
Download or read book Lymphocyte Immunization Therapy (LIT) in Reproductive Failures written by Mohan Raut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recurrent Miscarriages (RM) & Implantation Failure (IF) have remained an enigma to clinicians and researchers. Even after ruling out all possible causative factors, 50-60% cases still remain “Unexplained’. A majority of these so called “Unexplained” cases are now found to have immunological basis.This book is going into the Immunological aspects of these clinical dilemmas, demystifying the role of Immunology and Immunotherapy in RM and IF. The authors have been working in the field of Reproductive Immunology and Immunotherapy for the last 25 years and they have come out with this book combining the international studies with their own experience. The purpose of writing this book is to provide a comprehensive treatise about Immunotherapy, so that it can become an acceptable modality of treatment in cases where it is needed and is effective.The book discusses the basics in Reproductive Immunology. The immunological changes occurring during pregnancy, the role of Cell mediated Immunity (T cells), Humoral Immunity including cytokines is explained. The normal immunological mechanisms protecting the embryo are highlighted and how these mechanisms are disturbed leading to RM and IF, is also explained.The first and the most discussed method of Immunotherapy is Lymphocyte Immunization Therapy (LIT). The book has given a complete overview of LIT, describing how it created euphoria when it was first introduced, how it gradually went into disrepute and how it is now making a comeback. As the authors have personal experience of LIT, the book gives a detailed and complete information about this active form of immunotherapy.The book has a special section on case studies where the authors have given some clinical case reports (including some of their own), who were treated for immunological factor in RM/IF and were treated with Immunotherapy. These cases can be a useful guide to the readers.The book will be useful not only for undergraduate and postgraduate students but also for clinicians in their practice and for researchers for review of developments in the field.
Book Synopsis Immune regulation at the foetal-maternal interface; implications for healthy and complicated pregnancies by : Robert Lindau
Download or read book Immune regulation at the foetal-maternal interface; implications for healthy and complicated pregnancies written by Robert Lindau and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a successful pregnancy, the maternal immune system must acquire tolerance towards the paternal antigens present in the semi-allogeneic foetus. This tolerance is mainly established locally at the foetal-maternal interface, where foetally-derived trophoblasts invade the maternal endometrium (called decidua during pregnancy) and come in close proximity to maternal immune cells. The decidua is populated by maternal immune cells of a unique composition, characterised by their suppressive phenotypes that are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, failure of immune tolerance can lead to pregnancy complications. Macrophages and regulatory T-cells are enriched in the decidua and are believed to play important roles in the establishment of tolerance. However, there is limited information regarding the factors that regulate their functions and if their function is compromised in pregnancy complications. The aim of this thesis was to further elucidate which factors are responsible for induction of the regulatory phenotypes of macrophages and T-cells found in the decidua, how tissue resident cells in the decidua contribute to this and if this system is compromised during pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and recurrent pregnancy loss. Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) constitute the largest population of tissue resident cells in the decidua. In an in vitro system of macrophage differentiation, we found that Isolated peripheral blood monocytes cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from DSCs acquired a high expression of the regulatory M2 markers CD163, CD209 and CD14, and a low expression of CD86, characteristics of decidual macrophages. This induction was in part mediated by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), as neutralising its effects reduced the expression of CD163. However, since only a partial reduction was reached, other factors are involved. Another likely candidate for this polarisation is interleukin (IL)-34, a second ligand for the M-CSF receptor. We showed that IL-34 is expressed by both DSCs and the foetal placenta. Further, in vitro, IL-34 was able to induce macrophages with similar properties as that of M-CSF-induced macrophages, with high expression of CD163, CD209 and CD14. This was also coupled to a cytokine secretion profile similar to M-CSF-induced macrophages, with high production of IL-10, low production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and no production of IL-12. We found no evidence of IL-34 being aberrantly expressed in placentas from preeclamptic women. In addition to promoting induction of macrophages with a regulatory phenotype, CM from DSCs promoted expansion of Foxp3+CD25bright regulatory T (Treg) cells in an in vitro polarisation system, in a SMAD3 dependent manner. Protein profiling of DSCs revealed limited production of the Th2 related IL-13, IL-4, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), as well as no production of the Th17 related IL-17A and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 20. Instead we found that DSCs were more prone to production of regulatory factors, such as M-CSF, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-?, albeit with addition of the more pro-inflammatory IL-6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 8 and the Th1-related CXCL10. We also investigated if the placenta´s ability to induce Treg cells and regulatory M2 macrophages is compromised in women with a history of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL) and if the placental secreted protein profile is skewed to a pro-inflammatory response in uRPL. Using surplus materials from chorionic villous sampling (CVS), we generated CM from placental tissue taken from healthy and uRPL pregnancies and used this to polarise macrophages and T-cells in vitro. We found no difference in the ability to induce Treg cells and regulatory M2 macrophages between the healthy group and the uRPL group. Likewise, no differences in the protein profile was observed between the two groups. Taken together, our findings imply that DSCs produce a variety of factors promoting foetal tolerance by induction of Treg cells and regulatory M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we also showed that the placenta retained its ability to induce Treg cells and regulatory M2 macrophages in women with a history of uRPL. Graviditet utgör en stor utmaning för mammans immunförsvar eftersom fostret till hälften består av gener från pappan, vilket innebär att fostret bär på gener som är främmande för mammans immunförsvar. Detta betyder att mamman måste utveckla en tolerans för att förhindra en avstötningsreaktion, men samtidigt också bevara skyddet mot potentiellt farliga infektioner. Tolerans skapas främst lokalt i kontakten mellan livmoderslemhinnan (kallad decidua under graviditet) och placentan (moderkakan), där placentaceller från fostret kommer i nära kontakt med mammans immunceller. Således har dessa immunceller en central roll i att skapa tolerans. Två celltyper som är anrikade i deciduan under en graviditet är specialiserade makrofager och regulatoriska T-celler. Dock är det inte fastställt hur dessa celler får sina immundämpande egenskaper. I denna avhandling studeras hur mammans immunceller utvecklar tolerans genom kommunikation med andra celler och genom att interagera med varandra. Fokus i avhandlingen är stödjeceller, stroma-celler, i decidua, som inte bara bygger upp vävnaden utan också deltar genom produktion av tillväxtfaktorer och hormoner som bidrar till skapande av tolerans. De övergripande målen i avhandlingen var att kartlägga faktorer som styr utvecklingen av decidua-makrofager och regulatoriska T-celler, var dessa faktorer produceras och om kvinnor som utvecklat graviditetskomplikationer har en försämrad förmåga att utveckla immundämpande immunceller lokalt. I en delstudie visar vi att de stödjeceller som utgör majoriteten av alla celler i deciduan, deciduala stromaceller, har förmågan att stimulera utvecklingen av makrofager som liknar de som finns i deciduan. För utveckling av immundämpande makrofager visade det sig att tillväxtfaktorn M-CSF var en drivande faktor. Dock dämpades uttrycket endast delvis, vilket tyder på att även andra faktorer är inblandade. En av de mest troliga är IL-34, som binder till och aktiverar samma receptor som M-CSF. I en annan delstudie visade vi att IL-34 bildas både i placentan och av stromaceller i deciduan. IL-34 var, i likhet med M-CSF, också drivande i utvecklingen av makrofager som är mycket lika makrofager i deciduan. Utöver effekten på makrofagerna drev de deciduala stromacellerna även utvecklingen av regulatoriska T-celler, troligen via produktion av en annan tillväxtfaktor, TGF-?. Då IL-34 och M-CSF var involverade i utveckling av tolerans hos makrofager, undersökte vi även om havandeskapsförgiftning (preeklampsi) var associerad med en försämrad förmåga att producera dessa faktorer i placentan. Dock hittade vi inga skillnader i förekomst av IL-34 och M-CSF hos placenta-celler från kvinnor med havandeskapsförgiftning. Sammantaget visar våra studier att deciduala stromaceller är viktiga för att producera en repertoar av faktorer som skapar och bibehåller immundämpande egenskaper hos makrofager och regulatoriska T-celler under en graviditet. Vi visar att M-CSF, IL-34 och TGF-? är centrala för denna toleransutveckling och att de bildas av deciduala stromaceller. Dock verkar dessa faktorer inte vara avvikande vid havandeskapsförgiftning
Book Synopsis Clinical Gynecology by : Eric J. Bieber
Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.
Book Synopsis Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by : Mala Arora
Download or read book Recurrent Pregnancy Loss written by Mala Arora and published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition is a comprehensive guide to recurrent pregnancy loss for practising gynaecologists. Divided into ten sections, the book begins with a brief overview of the topic, followed by discussion on the different causes of pregnancy loss – genetic, endometrial, systemic, anatomical and infections. The next sections discuss management options, the role of ultrasound, and failed pregnancy. The third edition has been fully revised and expanded to bring clinicians fully up to date with the latest advances in the field. Newer treatment options are covered in depth and the latest diagnostic recommendations from the RCOG (UK) as well as the ACOG (US) are included. Authored by a team of internationally recognised experts, the text is enhanced by clinical photographs and diagrams, and features a comprehensive appendix section for further reference. Key points Fully revised, third edition presenting latest knowledge in recurrent pregnancy loss Covers newer treatment options and latest diagnostic recommendations from RCOG and ACOG Authored by internationally recognised team of experts Previous edition (9788184480061) published in 2007
Book Synopsis Redirection of Th1 and Th2 Responses by : Robert L. Coffman
Download or read book Redirection of Th1 and Th2 Responses written by Robert L. Coffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two major subsets of CD4+ helper T cells, designated Th1 and Th2, have quite different patterns of cytokine production and, as a consequence, have very different roles in immune responses. The articles in this volume review both basic and clinical studies of T cell heterogeneity, including: the mechanisms by which Th1 and Th2 cells develop and maintain their differences in cytokine production; the different roles of Th1 and Th2 cells in allergy, autoimmunity and infectious diseases; the prospects and strategies for therapeutic manipulation of Th1 and Th2 cells; and the control of Th1 and Th2 responses by regulatory T cell subsets. The volume should give the reader a view of the development and function of Th1 and Th2 cells and the attempts to treat immunological diseases with therapies directed towards altering the Th1/Th2 balance.
Download or read book Gynecology written by Sherif Shazly and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a thorough and easy-to-use guide to gynecology for residents preparing for their CREOG and board examinations. Books available for gynecology residents are generally either clinically directed or academically based. The books in the first group are usually brief, suitable as handbooks for residents to use during daily practice. These books, however, do not provide adequate background information to prepare for CREOG or ABOG board examinations. The more academically-focused books provide detailed background, but do not offer simple and quick assistance during daily practice or studying. This book aims to provide the most beneficial parts of both products. Throughout, the material is simplified and well-organized to provide an excellent resource for clinical practice, with ample use of bullets and key points. The content is also comprehensive, providing the appropriate background knowledge and a systematic approach that makes it an excellent source for the board examination. Topics are divided into four sections: general gynecology, urogynecology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, and gynecology oncology. Chapters then cover all major topics in each area, including uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, and genital infections. Each chapter additionally includes multiple choice questions for residents to test their knowledge of the material. This is an ideal guide for residents in OBGYN and practicing gynecologists looking for a refresher and quick reference.
Book Synopsis Early Pregnancy Loss by : Richard W. Beard
Download or read book Early Pregnancy Loss written by Richard W. Beard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first few months of any pregnancy are of supreme importance to the success of that pregnancy. This statement is so obvious as to be almost a platitude, yet it must be said that no aspect of pregnancy has been more neglected in the human than the first three months. Little is known of the morphological changes that occur at that time and our knowledge of the mechanisms that control this vital stage of pregnancy is almost non-existent. The explanation for this neglect of what is an obvious area for study is the difficulty of obtaining normal material. It is rare to have material to study from a healthy first trimester pregnancy and the study by Hertig and Rock!l) of early conception found by chance in hysterectomy speci mens must be unique. The information that we do have about early pregnancy is mostly gained from animal studies or single miscarriages in humans. Chromosomal defects are common but are not an explanation for the majority of recurrent miscarriages. Obstetricians have hypothesised many causes for this condition and have deve loped numerous metQods for treating it, but the studies have been poorly con trolled so that our understanding of the cause(s) has not advanced. Treatment of women with a history of recurrent miscarriage by paternal leuco cyte infusion (immunotherapy) may be yet another form of treatment that is hailed as a new advance only to be rejected when subject to rigorous testing.
