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Ignition Of Metals In Oxygen
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Book Synopsis Ignition of Metals in Oxygen by : E. L. White
Download or read book Ignition of Metals in Oxygen written by E. L. White and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report deals with the ignition of metals in oxygen and oxygen- containing atmospheres. The ignition of metals is reviewed from the viewpoints of (1) methods that have been used to study behavior, (2) experimental values that have been obtained, and (3) the status of theories that permit the calculation of ignition temperatures. A number of experimental methods have been used to determine the ignition temperature of solid metals and alloys in oxygen gas, air, various mixtures of inert gases with oxygen, and liquid oxygen. In addition to the input of energy from heat sources, the effects of electrical- energy input, and various types of mechanical-energy input on the ignition temperature have also been reported. Experimental values of ignition temperature are discussed for alloys of titanium, aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, magnesium, tin, and lead; stainless steels, silver and silver solders, and other metals and alloys are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Ignition of Metals at High Temperatures in Oxygen by : MJ. Slockers
Download or read book Ignition of Metals at High Temperatures in Oxygen written by MJ. Slockers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material flammability is thought to increase with increasing oxygen concentration, increasing pressure, and increasing temperature. Interest in the effects of increasing pressure and increasing sample temperature on the flammability of metals led to an industry-sponsored program for heated promoted combustion testing of metals. In this paper, the results of heated promoted combustion tests from the industry-sponsored 98-1 program are reported. Thirteen materials were tested as heated 3.2-mm (1/8-in.) diameter rods in an enriched oxygen, elevated pressure environment. Tests were performed in 100 % oxygen, and the temperature of the sample rods varied between 260 and 1093°C with test pressures ranging from 0.2 to 2.8 MPa. The test materials were 316 stainless steel, Incoloy® 800 HT, Hastelloy® C-276, Hastelloy C-22, Inconel® Filler Metal 601, Inconel Filler Metal 617, Haynes® 230, Haynes 214, Hastelloy X, 310 stainless steel, alonized Haynes 230, 304 stainless steel, and alonlzed Incoloy 800 HT.
Book Synopsis A Study of Spontaneous Ignition of Metals by : Fred E. Littman
Download or read book A Study of Spontaneous Ignition of Metals written by Fred E. Littman and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a study of the reactions occurring in the spontaneous ignition of zirconium and titanium (and their alloys), with emphasis on the former. Conditions required for spontaneous ignition, including the effects of certain impurities, surface conditions, and composition of the atmosphere around the metal were investigated. In addition, the mechanism of ignition was studied by following the thermal history of the reactions during the first few milliseconds.
Book Synopsis Friction-Induced Ignition of Metals in High-Pressure Oxygen by : J. Kazaroff
Download or read book Friction-Induced Ignition of Metals in High-Pressure Oxygen written by J. Kazaroff and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work reported addresses metal ignition from the possible rubbing of oxygen pressurized hydrostatic bearings and turbine blade tips operating in a high-pressure oxygen environment. Friction heating tests in oxygen at pressures of 1 to 300 atm were conducted at surface speeds of 10 to 33 m/s. Materials selections were based on their burn factor (heat of combustion/thermal diffusivity). Test results presented include the rubbing of like material pairs spanning a wide range of burn factors and dissimilar metal pairs having significantly different burn factors. The test results indicated that the burn factor can provide a useful guide for selecting metals for use in oxygen where rubbing can occur. The burn factor is suitable for rank ordering most, but not all, materials in their resistance to ignition. Most materials became more difficult to ignite under the high-speed rubbing test conditions when the oxygen pressure increased from 60 to 300 atm. However once they ignited, the burning was more extensive. A mechanism that explains these observations and thermal instabilities as evidenced by self-induced heating and cooling cycles under linearly increasing rubbing loads is postulated. It is supported by experimental data.
Book Synopsis The Ignition Characteristics of Metals in Oxygen Atmospheres by : Normand M. Laurendeau
Download or read book The Ignition Characteristics of Metals in Oxygen Atmospheres written by Normand M. Laurendeau and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Factors Affecting Ignition of Metals in High Pressure Oxygen Systems by : J. H. KIMZEY
Download or read book Review of Factors Affecting Ignition of Metals in High Pressure Oxygen Systems written by J. H. KIMZEY and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ignition of Metals and Alloys in Gaseous Oxygen by Frictional Heating by : FJ. Benz
Download or read book Ignition of Metals and Alloys in Gaseous Oxygen by Frictional Heating written by FJ. Benz and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ignition of metals and alloys have been investigated by rotating the end of a hollow cylinder against an identical stationery cylinder on a common axis (frictional heating) in gaseous oxygen. A ranking criterion that measures the resistance of metals and alloys to ignition is discussed. It consists of the power per unit area required for ignition, conveniently expressed as the product of contact pressure P and average linear velocity ̄v. Data are presented that demonstrate that materials that are high in nickel and copper require greater Pv products for ignition (more resistant to ignition) than materials that are high in iron. Aluminum and titanium alloys are shown to require the lowest Pv products for ignition. The effects of varying surface velocity, contact pressure, coefficient of friction, and oxygen pressure on P ̄v products required for ignition are discussed. The results indicate that P ̄v product required for ignition increases as surface velocity increases, as contact pressure decreases, and as the coefficient of friction decreases. Increasing oxygen pressure will cause the P ̄v product required for ignition to decrease at low pressures and increase at high pressures. In some cases, the relative ranking of materials based on P ̄v products will also change as conditions are varied.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Metals Ignition in Oxygen by : JM. Stoltzfus
Download or read book Fundamentals of Metals Ignition in Oxygen written by JM. Stoltzfus and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition is associated with the thermal energy input into the system occurring at a rate faster than thermal energy is being lost to the surroundings. The solution of an idealized model for ignition at a plane metal surface characterizes the material in terms of the property thermal inertia, kpc. The thermal inertia for six metals Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni and Ti, at their ignition temperatures is compared to the relative burn resistance of the metals in terms of BRmp, BRbp threshold pressure, resistance to ignition by particle impact and frictional heating ignition, pv. Thermal inertia is in agreement and appears to be suitable property for characterizing metals ignition. In addition, considerations for relaxing the assumptions associated with the idealized model are described and thermal inertia is still a valid characterization for the material.
Book Synopsis Oxygen-oil Explosions by : Jay John Jakosky
Download or read book Oxygen-oil Explosions written by Jay John Jakosky and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Ignition Temperatures of Solid Metals by : William C. Reynolds
Download or read book Investigation of Ignition Temperatures of Solid Metals written by William C. Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres by : Dennis W. Schroll
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres written by Dennis W. Schroll and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceeding held at Churchill College, Cambridge, England, April 1987. A reference for both the skilled and the uninitiated in the concepts and practices for the design and maintenance of all types of oxygen systems. Cov five areas: ignition of metals, nonmetal ignition, material selection for oxygen.
Book Synopsis Promoted Ignition-Combustion Behavior of Light Metals in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres by : R. Zawierucha
Download or read book Promoted Ignition-Combustion Behavior of Light Metals in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres written by R. Zawierucha and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoted ignition-combustion is a term which has been used to describe a situation where a substance with poor oxygen compatibility ignites and supports the combustion of a more resistant material. Previous papers on the subject in recent years have reported on the investigation of this phenomenon as it relates to aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steels and a number of engineering alloys.
Book Synopsis Ignition of Bulk Metals by a Continuous Radiation Source in a Pure Oxygen Atmosphere by : A. Abbud-Madrid
Download or read book Ignition of Bulk Metals by a Continuous Radiation Source in a Pure Oxygen Atmosphere written by A. Abbud-Madrid and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work investigates the mechanisms that lead to ignition and subsequent self-sustained combustion of bulk metals. To this effect, an experimental study isolating the ignition process was conducted with the novel feature of using a short-arc lamp as a non-coherent, continuous radiation source. A 1000 W xenon arc lamp was used to irradiate the top surface of a cylindrical metal specimen 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm high in a quiescent pure-oxygen (O2) environment at an absolute pressure of 0.1 MPa. Measurement of surface temperature histories and a qualitative visual record of the ignition process and the subsequent self-sustained combustion event were obtained. Iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) specimens were investigated. All metals exhibited ignition and sustained combustion except with the aluminum sample. Ignition temperatures below, above or in the range of the metal melting point were found. Ignition and combustion of copper rods at 0.1 MPa in normal gravity conditions revealed the dramatic effect of sample geometry, experimental configuration and ignition source on the ignitability and flammability of bulk metals.
Book Synopsis Metal Combustion in High-Pressure Flowing Oxygen by : CE. Bates
Download or read book Metal Combustion in High-Pressure Flowing Oxygen written by CE. Bates and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of an ignition event leading to component combustion is a significant consideration in the design and operation of all oxygen production and handling systems. Most materials of construction can react violently with oxygen if ignition occurs. This paper discusses some of the current concepts of ignition and combustion of metals and presents combustion data on several metals. The materials examined were selected based on prior use in oxygen systems and anticipated combustion behavior. The observed combustion behavior is discussed in light of current theories about combustion. The materials examined were aluminum (intercoolers, evaporators, tanks, pump casings), tin babbitt (labyrinth seals), carbon steel (tanks, pipelines, compressor casings), 90-10 cupro-nickel (heat exchangers, intercoolers), and silver (labyrinth seals).
Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres by : B. E. Newton
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres written by B. E. Newton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres by : Joel M. Stoltzfus
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres written by Joel M. Stoltzfus and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Test System to Study the Ignition of Metals by Polymers in Oxygen by : J. Stoltzfus
Download or read book Test System to Study the Ignition of Metals by Polymers in Oxygen written by J. Stoltzfus and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new test system that uses laser energy to ignite a polymer promoter has been developed at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF). It will facilitate the study of kindling chain ignition, such as the spread of fire from a burning polymer material to surrounding metal. The test system can be used to answer questions regarding configurational effects on ignition and combustion.
