Future Data and Security Engineering

Download Future Data and Security Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030913872
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Future Data and Security Engineering by : Tran Khanh Dang

Download or read book Future Data and Security Engineering written by Tran Khanh Dang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering, FDSE 2021, which was supposed to be held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in November 2021, but the conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 24 full papers presented together with 2 invited keynotes were carefully reviewed and selected from 168 submissions. The selected papers are organized into the following topical headings: Big Data Analytics and Distributed Systems; Advances in Machine Learning for Big Data Analytics; Industry 4.0 and Smart City: Data Analytics and Security; Blockchain and IoT Applications; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Security and Privacy; Emerging Data Management Systems and Applications.

Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems

Download Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461543274
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems by : Gian Luca Foresti

Download or read book Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems written by Gian Luca Foresti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multimedia surveillance systems is an emerging field that includes signal and image processing, communications, and computer vision. Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems: Requirements, Issues and Solutions, combines the most recent research results from these areas for use by engineers and end-users involved in the design of surveillance systems in the fields of transportation and services. The book covers emerging surveillance requirements, including new digital sensors for real-time acquisition of surveillance data, low-level image processing algorithms, and event detection methods. It also discusses problems related to knowledge representation in surveillance systems, wireless and wired multimedia networks, and a new generation of surveillance communication tools. Timely information is presented on digital watermarking, broadband multimedia transmission, legal use of surveillance systems, performance evaluation criteria, and other new and emerging topics, along with applications for transports and pedestrian monitoring. The information contained in Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems: Requirements, Issues and Solutions, bridges the distance between present practice and research findings, and the book is an indispensable reference tool for professional engineers.

Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications

Download Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811572348
Total Pages : 998 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications by : Vinit Kumar Gunjan

Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications written by Vinit Kumar Gunjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IOT, Smart Cities & Applications (ICMISC 2020), held on 29–30 March 2020 at CMR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Discussing current trends in machine learning, Internet of things, and smart cities applications, with a focus on multi-disciplinary research in the area of artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems, this book is a valuable resource for scientists, research scholars and PG students wanting formulate their research ideas and find the future directions in these areas. Further, it serves as a reference work anyone wishing to understand the latest technologies used by practicing engineers around the globe.

Biometric Solutions

Download Biometric Solutions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461510538
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biometric Solutions by : David D. Zhang

Download or read book Biometric Solutions written by David D. Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biometric Solutions for Authentication in an E-World provides a collection of sixteen chapters containing tutorial articles and new material in a unified manner. This includes the basic concepts, theories, and characteristic features of integrating/formulating different facets of biometric solutions for authentication, with recent developments and significant applications in an E-world. This book provides the reader with a basic concept of biometrics, an in-depth discussion exploring biometric technologies in various applications in an E-world. It also includes a detailed description of typical biometric-based security systems and up-to-date coverage of how these issues are developed. Experts from all over the world demonstrate the various ways this integration can be made to efficiently design methodologies, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for biometric-based applications in an E-world.

Video Analytics for Business Intelligence

Download Video Analytics for Business Intelligence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364228597X
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Video Analytics for Business Intelligence by : Caifeng Shan

Download or read book Video Analytics for Business Intelligence written by Caifeng Shan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-07 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) cameras have been increasingly deployed pervasively in public spaces including retail centres and shopping malls. Intelligent video analytics aims to automatically analyze content of massive amount of public space video data and has been one of the most active areas of computer vision research in the last two decades. Current focus of video analytics research has been largely on detecting alarm events and abnormal behaviours for public safety and security applications. However, increasingly CCTV installations have also been exploited for gathering and analyzing business intelligence information, in order to enhance marketing and operational efficiency. For example, in retail environments, surveillance cameras can be utilised to collect statistical information about shopping behaviour and preference for marketing (e.g., how many people entered a shop; how many females/males or which age groups of people showed interests to a particular product; how long did they stay in the shop; and what are the frequent paths), and to measure operational efficiency for improving customer experience. Video analytics has the enormous potential for non-security oriented commercial applications. This book presents the latest developments on video analytics for business intelligence applications. It provides both academic and commercial practitioners an understanding of the state-of-the-art and a resource for potential applications and successful practice.

Traffic and Granular Flow '15

Download Traffic and Granular Flow '15 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319334824
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Traffic and Granular Flow '15 by : Victor L. Knoop

Download or read book Traffic and Granular Flow '15 written by Victor L. Knoop and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow brings together international researchers from different fields ranging from physics to computer science and engineering to discuss the latest developments in traffic-related systems. Originally conceived to facilitate new ideas by considering the similarities of traffic and granular flow, TGF'15, organised by Delft University of Technology, now covers a broad range of topics related to driven particle and transport systems. Besides the classical topics of granular flow and highway traffic, its scope includes data transport (Internet traffic), pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, intercellular transport, swarm behaviour and the collective dynamics of other biological systems. Recent advances in modelling, computer simulation and phenomenology are presented, and prospects for applications, for example to traffic control, are discussed. The conference explores the interrelations between the above-mentioned fields and offers the opportunity to stimulate interdisciplinary research, exchange ideas, and meet many experts in these areas of research.

Information and Communication Technology

Download Information and Communication Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811055084
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Information and Communication Technology by : Durgesh Kumar Mishra

Download or read book Information and Communication Technology written by Durgesh Kumar Mishra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book volume contains 31 papers presented at ICICT 2016: Second International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. The conference was held during 12-13 December 2016, Bangkok, Thailand and organized communally by G R Foundation, and Computer Society of India Division IV – Communication and Division V – Education and Research. This volume contains papers mainly focused on ICT for computation, algorithms and data analytics, and IT security.

Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux

Download Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Presses Univ. Septentrion
ISBN 13 : 2757402145
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (574 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux by : Jean-Jacques Lavenue

Download or read book Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux written by Jean-Jacques Lavenue and published by Presses Univ. Septentrion. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La vidéosurveillance fait désormais partie des outils utilisés dans les politiques sécuritaires. Les récentes évolutions techniques rendent son usage de plus en plus intrusif dans la vie privée mais aussi dans l'espace public. Cet ouvrage explore une dimension encore inédite de la vidéosurveillance. Elle réside dans le caractère automatique de la détection des « comportements anormaux » dans l'espace public. L'anormalité est un enjeu fondamental dans la définition de la citoyenneté, en établissant une frontière entre ce qui est jugé acceptable et ce qui doit être réprimé. Or, des projets de recherches appliqués récents tentent de coupler l'usage de la vidéosurveillance avec une évaluation automatique de l'anormalité. Désormais, les algorithmes contribuent à définir ces comportements anormaux et donc, dessinent les figures de l’anormal. L’automaticité modifie considérablement les capacités d’appréciation de la normalité, jusqu’ici de la compétence du juge et des pouvoirs publics. La convergence des techniques (vidéo, base de données informatiques...) contribue à modifier profondément les frontières de l’espace public et, par conséquent, de l’espace démocratique. L’ouvrage présente les débats interdisciplinaires qui ont eu lieu à l’occasion d’une application technique actuellement en cours. S’interroger sur ce qu’est un comportement anormal permet de rappeler les modalités d’élaboration de la normalité dans une démocratie.

Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare

Download Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128134461
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare by : Leo Marco

Download or read book Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare written by Leo Marco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare describes how advanced computer vision techniques provide tools to support common human needs, such as mental functioning, personal mobility, sensory functions, daily living activities, image processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and how language processing and computer graphics cooperate with robotics to provide such tools. Users will learn about the emerging computer vision techniques for supporting mental functioning, algorithms for analyzing human behavior, and how smart interfaces and virtual reality tools lead to the development of advanced rehabilitation systems able to perform human action and activity recognition. In addition, the book covers the technology behind intelligent wheelchairs, how computer vision technologies have the potential to assist blind people, and about the computer vision-based solutions recently employed for safety and health monitoring. - Gives the state-of-the-art computer vision techniques and tools for assistive healthcare - Includes a broad range of topic areas, ranging from image processing, pattern recognition, machine learning to robotics, natural language processing and computer graphics - Presents a wide range of application areas, ranging from mobility, sensory substitution, and safety and security, to mental and physical rehabilitation and training - Written by leading researchers in this growing field of research - Describes the outstanding research challenges that still need to be tackled, giving researchers good indicators of research opportunities

Intelligent Multimedia Analysis for Security Applications

Download Intelligent Multimedia Analysis for Security Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642117546
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intelligent Multimedia Analysis for Security Applications by : Husrev T. Sencar

Download or read book Intelligent Multimedia Analysis for Security Applications written by Husrev T. Sencar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is one of the very few books focused on analysis of multimedia data and newly emerging multimedia applications with an emphasis on security. The main objective of this project was to assemble as much research coverage as possible related to the field by defining the latest innovative technologies and providing the most comprehensive list of research references. The book includes sixteen chapters highlighting current concepts, issues and emerging technologies. Distinguished scholars from many prominent research institutions around the world contribute to the book. The book covers various aspects, including not only some fundamental knowledge and the latest key techniques, but also typical applications and open issues. Topics covered include dangerous or abnormal event detection, interaction recognition, person identification based on multiple traits, audiovisual biometric person authentication and liveness verification, emerging biometric technologies, sensitive information filtering for teleradiology, detection of nakedness in images, audio forensics, steganalysis, media content tracking authentication and illegal distributor identification through watermarking and content-based copy detection. We believe that the comprehensive coverage of diverse disciplines in the field of intelligent multimedia analysis for security applications will contribute to a better understanding of all topics, research, and discoveries in this emerging and evolving field and that the included contributions will be instrumental in the expansion of the corresponding body of knowledge, making this book a reference source of information. It is our sincere hope that this publication and its great amount of information and research will assist our research colleagues, faculty members and students, and organization decision makers in enhancing their understanding for the concepts, issues, problems, trends, challenges and opportunities related to this research field. Perhaps this book will even inspire its readers to contribute to the current discoveries in this immense field.

Safe Comp 97

Download Safe Comp 97 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 144710997X
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Safe Comp 97 by : Peter Daniel

Download or read book Safe Comp 97 written by Peter Daniel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safe and secure operation ofcomputer systems continues to be the major issue in many applications where there is a threat to people, the environment, investment or goodwill. Such applications include medical devices, railway signalling, energy distribution, vehicle control and monitoring, air traffic control, industrial process control, telecommunications systemsand manyothers. This book represents the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, held in York, UK, 7-10 September 1997. The conference reviews the state ofthe art, experience and new trends in the areas of computer safety, reliability and security. It forms a platform for technology transfer between academia, industry and research institutions. In an expanding world-wide market for safe, secure and reliable computer systems SAFECOMP 97 provides an opportunity for technical developers, users and legislators to exchange and review the experience, to consider the best technologies now available and to identify the skills and technologies required for the future. The papers were carefully selected by the Conference International Programme Committee. The authors of the papers come from twelve different countries. The subjects covered include safe software, safety cases, management & development, security, human factors, guidelines standards & certification, applications & industrial experience, formal methods & models andvalidation, verification and testing. SAFECOMP '97 continues the successful series of SAFECOMP conferences first held in 1979 in Stuttgart. SAFECOMP is organised by the European Workshop on Industrial Computer Systems, Technical Committee 7 on Safety, Security and Reliability (EWICS TC7).

Advances in Visual Computing

Download Advances in Visual Computing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364210519X
Total Pages : 1238 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Visual Computing by : George Bebis

Download or read book Advances in Visual Computing written by George Bebis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-17 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume set LNCS 5875 and LNCS 5876 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2009, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in November/December 2009. The 97 revised full papers and 63 poster papers presented together with 40 full and 15 poster papers of 7 special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 320 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computer graphics; visualization; feature extraction and matching; medical imaging; motion; virtual reality; face processing; reconstruction; detection and tracking; applications; and video analysis and event recognition. The 7 additional special tracks address issues such as object recognition; visual computing for robotics; computational bioimaging; 3D mapping, modeling and surface reconstruction; deformable models: theory and applications; visualization enhanced data analysis for health applications; and optimization for vision, graphics and medical imaging: theory and applications.

Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events

Download Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331963450X
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events by : Tuomas Virtanen

Download or read book Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events written by Tuomas Virtanen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents computational methods for extracting the useful information from audio signals, collecting the state of the art in the field of sound event and scene analysis. The authors cover the entire procedure for developing such methods, ranging from data acquisition and labeling, through the design of taxonomies used in the systems, to signal processing methods for feature extraction and machine learning methods for sound recognition. The book also covers advanced techniques for dealing with environmental variation and multiple overlapping sound sources, and taking advantage of multiple microphones or other modalities. The book gives examples of usage scenarios in large media databases, acoustic monitoring, bioacoustics, and context-aware devices. Graphical illustrations of sound signals and their spectrographic representations are presented, as well as block diagrams and pseudocode of algorithms.

Multimedia Semantics

Download Multimedia Semantics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119970628
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multimedia Semantics by : Raphael Troncy

Download or read book Multimedia Semantics written by Raphael Troncy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present the latest research results in the multimedia and semantic web communities, bridging the "Semantic Gap" This book explains, collects and reports on the latest research results that aim at narrowing the so-called multimedia "Semantic Gap": the large disparity between descriptions of multimedia content that can be computed automatically, and the richness and subjectivity of semantics in user queries and human interpretations of audiovisual media. Addressing the grand challenge posed by the "Semantic Gap" requires a multi-disciplinary approach (computer science, computer vision and signal processing, cognitive science, web science, etc.) and this is reflected in recent research in this area. In addition, the book targets an interdisciplinary community, and in particular the Multimedia and the Semantic Web communities. Finally, the authors provide both the fundamental knowledge and the latest state-of-the-art results from both communities with the goal of making the knowledge of one community available to the other. Key Features: Presents state-of-the art research results in multimedia semantics: multimedia analysis, metadata standards and multimedia knowledge representation, semantic interaction with multimedia Contains real industrial problems exemplified by user case scenarios Offers an insight into various standardisation bodies including W3C, IPTC and ISO MPEG Contains contributions from academic and industrial communities from Europe, USA and Asia Includes an accompanying website containing user cases, datasets, and software mentioned in the book, as well as links to the K-Space NoE and the SMaRT society web sites (http://www.multimediasemantics.com/) This book will be a valuable reference for academic and industry researchers /practitioners in multimedia, computational intelligence and computer science fields. Graduate students, project leaders, and consultants will also find this book of interest.

Subspace Methods for Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Environment

Download Subspace Methods for Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642548512
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Subspace Methods for Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Environment by : Yen-Wei Chen

Download or read book Subspace Methods for Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Environment written by Yen-Wei Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art subspace learning methods for pattern recognition in intelligent environment. With the fast development of internet and computer technologies, the amount of available data is rapidly increasing in our daily life. How to extract core information or useful features is an important issue. Subspace methods are widely used for dimension reduction and feature extraction in pattern recognition. They transform a high-dimensional data to a lower-dimensional space (subspace), where most information is retained. The book covers a broad spectrum of subspace methods including linear, nonlinear and multilinear subspace learning methods and applications. The applications include face alignment, face recognition, medical image analysis, remote sensing image classification, traffic sign recognition, image clustering, super resolution, edge detection, multi-view facial image synthesis.

Neural Information Processing

Download Neural Information Processing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364234478X
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neural Information Processing by : Tingwen Huang

Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Tingwen Huang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five volume set LNCS 7663, LNCS 7664, LNCS 7665, LNCS 7666 and LNCS 7667 constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2012, held in Doha, Qatar, in November 2012. The 423 regular session papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. These papers cover all major topics of theoretical research, empirical study and applications of neural information processing research. The 5 volumes represent 5 topical sections containing articles on theoretical analysis, neural modeling, algorithms, applications, as well as simulation and synthesis.

Computational Intelligence

Download Computational Intelligence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642017991
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Intelligence by : Christine L. Mumford

Download or read book Computational Intelligence written by Christine L. Mumford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-21 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about synergy in computational intelligence (CI). It is a c- lection of chapters that covers a rich and diverse variety of computer-based techniques, all involving some aspect of computational intelligence, but each one taking a somewhat pragmatic view. Many complex problems in the real world require the application of some form of what we loosely call “intel- gence”fortheirsolution. Fewcanbesolvedbythenaiveapplicationofasingle technique, however good it is. Authors in this collection recognize the li- tations of individual paradigms, and propose some practical and novel ways in which di?erent CI techniques can be combined with each other, or with more traditional computational techniques, to produce powerful probl- solving environments which exhibit synergy, i. e. , systems in which the whole 1 is greater than the sum of the parts . Computational intelligence is a relatively new term, and there is some d- agreement as to its precise de?nition. Some practitioners limit its scope to schemes involving evolutionary algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic, or hybrids of these. For others, the de?nition is a little more ?exible, and will include paradigms such as Bayesian belief networks, multi-agent systems, case-based reasoning and so on. Generally, the term has a similar meaning to the well-known phrase “Arti?cial Intelligence” (AI), although CI is p- ceived moreas a “bottom up” approachfrom which intelligent behaviour can emerge,whereasAItendstobestudiedfromthe“topdown”,andderivefrom pondering upon the “meaning of intelligence”. (These and other key issues will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 1.