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Identity Politics And Ethnic Conflicts In Rwanda And Burundi
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Book Synopsis Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work looks at conflicts between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi. The conflicts between the two groups have sometimes been characterised as ethnic, although neither group has fundamental attributes of ethnicity or ethnic identity which separate one from the other. They have the same culture. They speak the same language. And they have had a common history during the past 400 years. They have intermingled and have intermarried for so long since the Tutsi arrived in the region about 400 years ago that whatever differences existed between them in the past in terms of culture, identity, and biology have been erased. Yet they do exist as distinct social groups. They maintain separate group identities, as Hutus and as Tutsis, mainly because of the asymmetrical relationship between them. Inequity of power has solidified those identities. Historically, the Tutsi minority have been the rulers. Their status as the dominant group was enhanced during colonial rule when the Belgians favoured and recognised them as the traditional rulers, superior to the Hutu, thus legitimising inequalities between the two groups. The differences between them were even given official sanction. And the subordinate status of the Hutu majority was used by the Belgians to justify discrimination against them in terms of employment and educational opportunities while favouring the Tutsi. The conflict between the two groups is rooted in inequity of power, fuelled by stereotypes against the Hutu majority. Domination of the Hutu majority by the Tutsi minority, which started before the advent of colonial rule, has also solidified ethnic identities of the two groups through the years. A shared consciousness among the members of each group and their distinctiveness - each seeing themselves as different from the other - have also played a major role in the evolution and consolidation of these separate identities.
Book Synopsis From Classrooms to Conflict in Rwanda by : Elisabeth King
Download or read book From Classrooms to Conflict in Rwanda written by Elisabeth King and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on fieldwork and comparative historical analysis of Rwanda, this book questions the conventional wisdom that education builds peace.
Book Synopsis The Path to Genocide in Rwanda by : Omar Shahabudin McDoom
Download or read book The Path to Genocide in Rwanda written by Omar Shahabudin McDoom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses unique field data to offer a rigorous explanation of how Rwanda's genocide occurred and why Rwandans participated in it.
Book Synopsis Diversity, Violence, and Recognition by : Elisabeth King
Download or read book Diversity, Violence, and Recognition written by Elisabeth King and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When considering strategies to address violent conflict, scholars and policymakers debate the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities in government institutions. In Diversity, Violence, and Recognition, Elisabeth King and Cyrus Samii examine the reasons that governments choose to recognize ethnic identities and the consequences of such choices for peace. The authors introduce a theory on the merits and risks of recognizing ethnic groups in state institutions, pointing to the crucial role of ethnic demographics. Through a global quantitative analysis and in-depth case studies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, they find promise in recognition. Countries that adopt recognition go on to experience less violence, more economic vitality, and more democratic politics, but these effects depend on which ethnic group is in power. King and Samii's findings are important for scholars studying peace, democracy, and development, and practically relevant to policymakers attempting to make these concepts a reality.
Book Synopsis When Victims Become Killers by : Mahmood Mamdani
Download or read book When Victims Become Killers written by Mahmood Mamdani and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.
Book Synopsis Politics of Innocence by : Simon Turner
Download or read book Politics of Innocence written by Simon Turner and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on thorough ethnographic fieldwork in a refugee camp in Tanzania this book provides a rich account of the benevolent "disciplining mechanisms" of humanitarian agencies, led by the UNHCR, and of the situated, dynamic, indeterminate, and fluid nature of identity (re)construction in the camp. While the refugees are expected to behave as innocent, helpless victims, the question of victimhood among Burundian Hutu is increasingly challenged, following the 1993 massacres in Burundi and the Rwandan genocide. The book explores how different groups within the camp apply different strategies to cope with these issues and how the question of innocence and victimhood is itself imbued with ambiguity, as young men struggle to recuperate their masculinity and their political subjectivity.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts [2 volumes] by : Joseph R. Rudolph Jr.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts [2 volumes] written by Joseph R. Rudolph Jr. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable reference that will help students understand the major ethnic conflicts that dominate the headlines and shape the modern world. Since World War II, significant conflicts have most often taken the form of acts of violence between ethnic or national communities inside individual states. This two-volume work uses case studies to explore some four dozen of those conflicts, making it an ideal first-stop reference for students and others who wish to quickly gain an understanding of ethnic struggles. Content from the first edition is updated and new entries on recent conflicts have been added. The set's geographical range, which encompasses nearly every continent, is matched by the diversity of the conflicts explored. These include internal conflicts such as those experienced by African Americans in the United States and Muslims in France, as well as separatist movements of groups like the Chechens in Russia and Bosnians in Yugoslavia. Headline-making conflicts—for example, those in Mali and Syria—are covered as well. The book is organized alphabetically by country and region. Each essay begins with a timeline and then explores the historical background, evolution, efforts to manage, and significance of the conflict. Suggestions for follow-up research and appendices of relevant, primary source materials are also included.
Book Synopsis The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa by : John F. McCauley
Download or read book The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa written by John F. McCauley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is aimed at students and scholars of conflict, Africa, ethnic politics, and religion. It may also appeal to religious and political leaders. It proposes a new perspective on how ethnicity and religion shape political outcomes and violence in Africa, adding psychological elements to standard political science arguments.
Book Synopsis The Great African War by : Filip Reyntjens
Download or read book The Great African War written by Filip Reyntjens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the region; the politics of identity in Rwanda, Burundi and eastern DRC; the ineptitude of the international community; and the emergence of privatized and criminalized public spaces and economies, linked to the global economy, but largely disconnected from the state - on whose territory the "entrepreneurs of insecurity" function. As a complement to the existing literature, this book seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of concurrent developments in Zaire/DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in African and international contexts. By adopting a non-chronological approach, it attempts to show the dynamics of the inter-relationships between these realms and offers a toolkit for understanding the past and future of Central Africa.
Book Synopsis Rwanda Before the Genocide by : J. J. Carney
Download or read book Rwanda Before the Genocide written by J. J. Carney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rwanda Before the Genocide analyzes the intersection of ethnic discourse, Rwandan politics, and Catholic social teaching during the critical final decade of Belgian colonial rule, exploring the many-threaded roots of the ethnic and political mythos that culminated with the 1994 genocide.
Book Synopsis After Independence by : Lowell Barrington
Download or read book After Independence written by Lowell Barrington and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2009-12-18 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the existing work on nationalism has centered on its role in the creation of new states. After Independence breaks new ground by examining the changes to nationalism after independence in seven new states. This innovative volume challenges scholars and specialists to rethink conventional views of ethnic and civic nationalism and the division between primordial and constructivist understandings of national identity. "Where do nationalists go once they get what they want? We know rather little about how nationalist movements transform themselves into the governments of new states, or how they can become opponents of new regimes that, in their view, have not taken the self-determination drive far enough. This stellar collection contributes not only to comparative theorizing on nationalist movements, but also deepens our understanding of the contentious politics of nationalism's ultimate product--new countries." --Charles King, Chair of the Faculty and Ion Ratiu Associate Professor, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service "This well-integrated volume analyzes two important variants of nationalism-postcolonial and postcommunist-in a sober, lucid way and will benefit students and scholars alike." --Zvi Gitelman, University of Michigan Lowell W. Barrington is Associate Professor of Political Science, Marquette University.
Book Synopsis Rwanda and Burundi by : René Lemarchand
Download or read book Rwanda and Burundi written by René Lemarchand and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World on Fire written by Amy Chua and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2004-01-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reigning consensus holds that the combination of free markets and democracy would transform the third world and sweep away the ethnic hatred and religious zealotry associated with underdevelopment. In this revelatory investigation of the true impact of globalization, Yale Law School professor Amy Chua explains why many developing countries are in fact consumed by ethnic violence after adopting free market democracy. Chua shows how in non-Western countries around the globe, free markets have concentrated starkly disproportionate wealth in the hands of a resented ethnic minority. These “market-dominant minorities” – Chinese in Southeast Asia, Croatians in the former Yugoslavia, whites in Latin America and South Africa, Indians in East Africa, Lebanese in West Africa, Jews in post-communist Russia – become objects of violent hatred. At the same time, democracy empowers the impoverished majority, unleashing ethnic demagoguery, confiscation, and sometimes genocidal revenge. She also argues that the United States has become the world’s most visible market-dominant minority, a fact that helps explain the rising tide of anti-Americanism around the world. Chua is a friend of globalization, but she urges us to find ways to spread its benefits and curb its most destructive aspects.
Book Synopsis Preventing Violent Conflict in Africa by : Y. Mine
Download or read book Preventing Violent Conflict in Africa written by Y. Mine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-17 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontal inequalities are root causes of violent conflict in Africa. Yet, people take actions not because of statistical data on inequalities, of which they might not be aware, but because of injustices they perceive. This volume analyses the results of original surveys with over 3,000 respondents in African cities and towns, exposing clear discrepancies between objective inequalities and people's subjective perceptions. The contributors examine experiences in country pairs and probe into the reasons why neighbouring countries, sharing common historical traits, sometimes took contrasting pathways of peace and violent conflict. Combining quantitative analysis and qualitative anatomy of historical experiences of conflict and reconciliation in Rwanda, Burundi, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and Nigeria, the study brings forward a set of policy recommendations for development practitioners. This work further addresses the issue of institutional choice and reveals how sustainable power-sharing and decentralisation contribute to political stability in Africa.
Book Synopsis The Recurring Great Lakes Crisis by : Jean-Pierre Chrétien
Download or read book The Recurring Great Lakes Crisis written by Jean-Pierre Chrétien and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s, the African Great Lakes region has experienced a series of traumas that have profoundly disrupted its geopolitical, economic, social, and demographic stability. Despite numerous peace accords, political compromises, and international interventions, the region has yet to eliminate the tensions that regularly manifest in hate and violence. Featuring contributions from historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists, this collection accounts for the omnipresent "metastases of hatred and violence" in the Great Lakes region. Through a series of detailed case studies, contributors outline the genealogy and historicity of violence in the region while remaining sensitive to the singular, contingent experiences of each country.
Book Synopsis Investing in Authoritarian Rule by : Anuradha Chakravarty
Download or read book Investing in Authoritarian Rule written by Anuradha Chakravarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how Rwanda's mass courts for genocide crimes helped ensure political stability and authoritarian control for Rwandan elites.
Download or read book Burundi written by Rene Lemarchand and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a wide-ranging discussion of the roots and consequences of ethnic strife in Burundi, and provides the reader with an appropriate background for an understanding of Burundi's transition to multiparty democracy and the coup and violence that followed.
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