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Hypothetical Reasoning
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Book Synopsis Hypothetical Thinking by : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Download or read book Hypothetical Thinking written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B T Evans’ presents his pioneering Hypothetical Thinking Theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical Thinking Theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this classic edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Hypothetical Thinking by : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Download or read book Hypothetical Thinking written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a recently developed theoretical framework called Hypothetical Thinking Theory, Jonathan St. B. T. Evans provides an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making.
Book Synopsis Hypothetical Reasoning by : Nicholas Rescher
Download or read book Hypothetical Reasoning written by Nicholas Rescher and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hypothetical Thinking by : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Download or read book Hypothetical Thinking written by Jonathan St B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Abductive Cognition by : Lorenzo Magnani
Download or read book Abductive Cognition written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-09 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores abductive cognition, an important but, at least until the third quarter of the last century, neglected topic in cognition. It aims at increasing knowledge about creative and expert inferences.
Book Synopsis Facts, Values, and Norms by : Peter Railton
Download or read book Facts, Values, and Norms written by Peter Railton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our everyday lives we struggle with the notions of why we do what we do and the need to assign values to our actions. Somehow, it seems possible through experience and life to gain knowledge and understanding of such matters. Yet once we start delving deeper into the concepts that underwrite these domains of thought and actions, we face a philosophical disappointment. In contrast to the world of facts, values and morality seem insecure, uncomfortably situated, easily influenced by illusion or ideology. How can we apply this same objectivity and accuracy to the spheres of value and morality? In the essays included in this collection, Peter Railton shows how a fairly sober, naturalistically informed view of the world might nonetheless incorporate objective values and moral knowledge. This book will be of interest to professionals and students working in philosophy and ethics.
Book Synopsis Hypothetical Thinking by : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Download or read book Hypothetical Thinking written by Jonathan St B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis The Original Position by : Timothy Hinton
Download or read book The Original Position written by Timothy Hinton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores and analyses the continued relevance and ramifications of the original position, the central idea of John Rawls's political philosophy.
Book Synopsis Thinking and Reasoning by : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Download or read book Thinking and Reasoning written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our extraordinary capacity to reason and solve problems sets us aside from other animals, but our evolved thinking processes also leave us susceptible to bias and error. The study of thinking and reasoning goes back to Aristotle, and was one of the first topics to be studied when psychology separated from philosophy. In this Very Short Introduction Jonathan Evans explores cognitive psychological approaches to understanding the nature of thinking and reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. He shows how our problem solving capabilities are hugely dependent on also having the imagination to ask the right questions, and the ability to see things from a completely new perspective. Beginning by considering the approaches of the behaviorists and the Gestalt psychologists, he moves on to modern explorations of thinking, including hypothetical thinking, conditionals, deduction, rationality, and intuition. Covering the role of past learning, IQ, and cognitive biases, Evans also discusses the idea that there may be two different ways of thinking, arising from our evolutionary history. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Book Synopsis Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems by : Aditya Ghose
Download or read book Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems written by Aditya Ghose and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2007, held in Bankok, Thailand, in November 2007. The 22 revised full papers and 16 revised short papers presented together with 11 application papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. Ranging from theoretical and methodological issues to various applications in different fields, the papers address many current subjects in multi-agent research and development,
Book Synopsis Controversial Reasoning in Indian Philosophy by : Malcolm Keating
Download or read book Controversial Reasoning in Indian Philosophy written by Malcolm Keating and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthâpatti is a pervasive form of reasoning investigated by Indian philosophers in order to think about unseen causes and interpret ordinary and religious language. Its nature is a point of controversy among Mimamsa, Nyaya, and Buddhist philosophers, yet, to date, it has received less attention than perception, inference, and testimony. This collection presents a one-of-a-kind reference resource for understanding this form of reasoning studied in Indian philosophy. Assembling translations of central primary texts together with newly-commissioned essays on research topics, it features a significant introductory essay. Readable translations of Sanskrit works are accompanied by critical notes that introduce arthâpatti, offer historical context, and clarify the philosophical debates surrounding it. Showing how arthâpatti is used as a way to reason about the basic unseen causes driving language use, cause-and-effect relationships, as well as to interpret ambiguous or figurative texts, this book demonstrates the importance of this epistemic instrument in both contemporary Anglo-analytic and classical Indian epistemology, language, and logic.
Download or read book Force of Logic written by Stephen M. Rice and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever read a legal opinion and come across an odd term like the fallacy of denying the antecedent, the fallacy of the undistributed middle, or the fallacy of the illicit process and wondered how you missed that in law school? You’re not alone: every day, lawyers make arguments that fatally trespass the rules of formal logic—without realizing it—because traditional legal education often overlooks imparting the practical wisdom of ancient philosophy as it teaches students how to “think like a lawyer.” In his book, The Force of Logic: Using Formal Logic as a Tool in the Craft of Legal Argument, lawyer and law professor Stephen M. Rice guides you to develop your powers of legal reasoning in a new way, through effective tips and tactics that will forever change the way you argue your cases. Rice contends that formal logic provides tools that help lawyers distinguish good arguments from bad ones and, moreover, that they are simple to learn and use. When you know how to recognize logical fallacies, you will not only strengthen your own arguments, but you will also be able to punch holes in your opponent’s—and that can make the difference between winning and losing. In this book, Rice builds on the theoretical foundation of formal logic by demonstrating logical fallacies through the use of anecdotes, examples, graphical illustrations, and exercises for you to try that are derived from common case documents. It is a hands-on primer that presents a practical approach for understanding and mastering the place of formal logic in the art of legal reasoning. Whether you are a lawyer, a judge, a scholar, or a student, The Force of Logic will inspire you to love legal argument, and appreciate its beauty and complexity in a brand new way.
Download or read book Indian Thought written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arguing, Reasoning, and Thinking Well by : Robert Gass
Download or read book Arguing, Reasoning, and Thinking Well written by Robert Gass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguing, Reasoning, and Thinking Well offers an engaging and accessible introduction to argumentation and critical thinking. With a pro-social focus, the volume encourages readers to value civility when engaged in arguing and reasoning. Authors Gass and Seiter, renowned for their friendly writing style, include real-world examples, hypothetical dialogues, and editorial cartoons to invite readers in. The text includes a full chapter devoted to the ethics of argument, as well as content on refutation and formal logic. It is designed for students in argumentation and critical thinking courses in communication, philosophy, and psychology departments, and is suitable for students and general education courses across the curriculum.
Book Synopsis The Art of Logical Thinking by : William Walker Atkinson
Download or read book The Art of Logical Thinking written by William Walker Atkinson and published by Pantianos Classics. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Walker Atkinson, an attorney by trade, explains different kinds of logic and reasoning - deductive, inductive and hypothetical. The author begins by describing how the mind forms ideas and concepts, and then subjects these to the mental processes of higher reasoning. The memory stores a repository of terms, which are different from concepts in that they apply exclusively to the name of things. Through reasoning the mind can arrive at a judgment of a given thing or idea, and through simple distinction can reject what is false - for instance, the notion that a horse is a cow. Moving on from these simple examples, Atkinson describes how complex judgments and analyses are formed by the mind. Piecing together an accurate chain of events forms a kind of inductive reasoning - for example, if several people enters a store empty-handed, and later emerge with bags of fruit and vegetables, is it sensible to infer that it is a grocery store. Deriving conclusions from facts and events is forming a hypothesis; with the use of information, assertions can be made to arrive at a sensible conclusion - without personally entering said store, based on known facts it is credible to hypothesize that it sells groceries.
Book Synopsis Modeling Legal Argument by : Kevin D. Ashley
Download or read book Modeling Legal Argument written by Kevin D. Ashley and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1990 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modeling Legal Argument "provides a comprehensive treatment of case-based reasoning and a detailed description of a computer program called Hypo, that models the way attorneys argue with cases, real and hypothetical. The program offers significant advantages over "keyword" case retrieval systems in the legal field and demonstrates how to design expert systems that assist the user by presenting reasonable alternative answers on all sides of an issue and by citing case examples to explain their advice.Hypo analyzes problem situations dealing with trade secrets disputes, retrieves relevant legal cases from its database and fashions them into reasonable legal arguments about who should win. The arguments demonstrate the program's ability to reason symbolically with past cases, to draw factual analogies between cases, to cite them in arguments, to distinguish them, and to pose counter-examples and hypotheticals based on past cases."Modeling Legal Argument "discusses the law as a paradigm of case-based argument, introduces Hypo and its adversarial reasoning process, provides an overview of the Hypo program, and gives extended examples of the model's reasoning capabilities. It describes the case knowledge base, a dimensional index, basic mechanisms of case-based reasoning, and offers a theory of case-based argument in Hypo. Ashley evaluates Hypo's performance and takes up adversarial case-based reasoning beyond the law and extensions of the Hypo model.Kevin D. Ashley is a Research Scientist at the Learning Research an Development Center and Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh. "Modeling Legal Argument is "included in the Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning series, edited by L. Thorne McCarty and Edwina L. Rissland.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Logic by : Horace William Brindley Joseph
Download or read book An Introduction to Logic written by Horace William Brindley Joseph and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
