Human Rights Prosecutions In Democracies At War

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Human Rights Prosecutions in Democracies at War

Author : Moira Lynch
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319969080
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights Prosecutions in Democracies at War by : Moira Lynch

Download or read book Human Rights Prosecutions in Democracies at War written by Moira Lynch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though many of the longest and most devastating internal armed conflicts have been fought within the boundaries of democratic states, these countries employ some of the highest numbers of human rights prosecutions. What conditions prompt this outcome and what explains the variable patterns of prosecutions in democracies at war? Prosecutions may be enabled by existing democratic norms and institutions, but given their role in a violent conflict, democratic governments may go to great lengths to avoid judicial accountability. Through qualitative and quantitative research of four cases, Sri Lanka, Northern Ireland, Spain and Colombia, this book argues that emergency and anti-terrorism laws issued during the conflict created barriers to the investigation and prosecution of state human rights violations. The extent to which state actors were held accountable was shaped by citizens, NGOs and political actors who challenged or upheld impunity provisions within emergency legislation.

Democracies at War

Author : Dan Reiter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781400824458
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (244 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracies at War by : Dan Reiter

Download or read book Democracies at War written by Dan Reiter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do democracies win wars? This is a critical question in the study of international relations, as a traditional view--expressed most famously by Alexis de Tocqueville--has been that democracies are inferior in crafting foreign policy and fighting wars. In Democracies at War, the first major study of its kind, Dan Reiter and Allan Stam come to a very different conclusion. Democracies tend to win the wars they fight--specifically, about eighty percent of the time. Complementing their wide-ranging case-study analysis, the authors apply innovative statistical tests and new hypotheses. In unusually clear prose, they pinpoint two reasons for democracies' success at war. First, as elected leaders understand that losing a war can spell domestic political backlash, democracies start only those wars they are likely to win. Secondly, the emphasis on individuality within democratic societies means that their soldiers fight with greater initiative and superior leadership. Surprisingly, Reiter and Stam find that it is neither economic muscle nor bandwagoning between democratic powers that enables democracies to win wars. They also show that, given societal consent, democracies are willing to initiate wars of empire or genocide. On the whole, they find, democracies' dependence on public consent makes for more, rather than less, effective foreign policy. Taking a fresh approach to a question that has long merited such a study, this book yields crucial insights on security policy, the causes of war, and the interplay between domestic politics and international relations.

Do Democracies Win Their Wars?

Author : Michael Edward Brown
Publisher : International Security Readers
ISBN 13 : 9780262515900
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Democracies Win Their Wars? by : Michael Edward Brown

Download or read book Do Democracies Win Their Wars? written by Michael Edward Brown and published by International Security Readers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can democracies conduct successful foreign policies? Are they at a disadvantage in conflicts against dictatorships? Are authoritarian states better at fighting wars? Presented in this volume are seminal contributions to the debate over democracy and military victory. It presents the theoretical, conceptual, and empirical arguments for why democracies often win wars, as well as important critiques of the "democratic victory" proposition.

The Justice Cascade

Author : Kathryn Sikkink
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393079937
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Justice Cascade by : Kathryn Sikkink

Download or read book The Justice Cascade written by Kathryn Sikkink and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past three decades, hundreds of government officials have gone from being immune to any accountability for their human rights violations to being the subjects of highly publicized trials in Latin America, Europe, and Africa, resulting in enormous media attention and severe consequences. Here, renowned scholar Kathryn Sikkink brings to light the groundbreaking emergence of these human rights trials as a modern political tool, one that is changing the face of global politics as we know it. Drawing on personal experience and extensive research, Sikkink explores the building of this movement toward justice, from its roots in Nuremberg to the watershed trials in Greece and Argentina. She shows how the foundations for the stunning, public indictments of Slobodan Milošević and Augusto Pinochet were laid by the long, tireless activism of civilians, many of whose own families had been destroyed, and whose fight for justice sometimes came at the risk of their own lives and careers. She also illustrates what effect the justice cascade has had on democracy, conflict, and repression, and what it means for leaders and citizens everywhere, including the policymakers behind our own "war on terror."--From publisher description.

Never at War

Author : Spencer R. Weart
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300082982
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (829 download)

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Book Synopsis Never at War by : Spencer R. Weart

Download or read book Never at War written by Spencer R. Weart and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively survey of the history of conflict between democracies reveals a remarkable--and tremendously important--finding: fully democratic nations have never made war on other democracies. Furthermore, historian Spencer R. Weart concludes in this thought-provoking book, they probably never will. Building his argument on some forty case studies ranging through history from ancient Athens to Renaissance Italy to modern America, the author analyzes for the first time every instance in which democracies or regimes like democracies have confronted each other with military force. Weart establishes a consistent set of definitions of democracy and other key terms, then draws on an array of international sources to demonstrate the absence of war among states of a particular democratic type. His survey also reveals the new and unexpected finding of a still broader zone of peace among oligarchic republics, even though there are more of such minority-controlled governments than democracies in history. In addition, Weart discovers that peaceful leagues and confederations--the converse of war--endure only when member states are democracies or oligarchies. With the help of related findings in political science, anthropology, and social psychology, the author explores how the political culture of democratic leaders prevents them from warring against others who are recognized as fellow democrats and how certain beliefs and behaviors lead to peace or war. Weart identifies danger points for democracies, and he offers crucial, practical information to help safeguard peace in the future.

Power Kills

Author : R. J. Rummel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351497405
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Power Kills by : R. J. Rummel

Download or read book Power Kills written by R. J. Rummel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, newly published in paperback, is part of a comprehensive effort by R. J. Rummel to understand and place in historical perspective the entire subject of genocide and mass murder, or what he calls democide. It is the fifth in a series of volumes in which he offers a detailed analysis of the 120,000,000 people killed as a result of government action or direct intervention. In Power Kills, Rummel offers a realistic and practical solution to war, democide, and other collective violence. As he states it, "The solution...is to foster democratic freedom and to democratize coercive power and force. That is, mass killing and mass murder carried out by government is a result of indiscriminate, irresponsible Power at the center." Rummel observes that well-established democracies do not make war on and rarely commit lesser violence against each other. The more democratic two nations are, the less likely is war or smaller-scale violence between them. The more democratic a nation is, the less severe its overall foreign violence, the less likely it will have domestic collective violence, and the less its democide. Rummel argues that the evidence supports overwhelmingly the most important fact of our time: democracy is a method of nonviolence.

Lawfare

Author : Orde F. Kittrie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190263571
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Lawfare by : Orde F. Kittrie

Download or read book Lawfare written by Orde F. Kittrie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Lawfare, author Orde Kittrie's draws on his experiences as a lawfare practitioner, US State Department attorney, and international law scholar in analyzing the theory and practice of the strategic leveraging of law as an increasingly powerful and effective weapon in the current global security landscape. Lawfare incorporates case studies of recent offensive and defensive lawfare by the United States, Iran, China, and by both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and includes dozens of examples of how lawfare has thus been waged and defended against. Kittrie notes that since private attorneys can play important and decisive roles in their nations' national security plans through their expertise in areas like financial law, maritime insurance law, cyber law, and telecommunications law, the full scope of lawfare's impact and possibilities are just starting to be understood.

Democracy and Goodness

Author : John R. Wallach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108422578
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy and Goodness by : John R. Wallach

Download or read book Democracy and Goodness written by John R. Wallach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposes a new democratic theory, rooted in activity not consent, and intrinsically related to historical understandings of power and ethics.

Votes, Drugs, and Violence

Author : Guillermo Trejo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108899900
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Votes, Drugs, and Violence by : Guillermo Trejo

Download or read book Votes, Drugs, and Violence written by Guillermo Trejo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most surprising developments in Mexico's transition to democracy is the outbreak of criminal wars and large-scale criminal violence. Why did Mexican drug cartels go to war as the country transitioned away from one-party rule? And why have criminal wars proliferated as democracy has consolidated and elections have become more competitive subnationally? In Votes, Drugs, and Violence, Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley develop a political theory of criminal violence in weak democracies that elucidates how democratic politics and the fragmentation of power fundamentally shape cartels' incentives for war and peace. Drawing on in-depth case studies and statistical analysis spanning more than two decades and multiple levels of government, Trejo and Ley show that electoral competition and partisan conflict were key drivers of the outbreak of Mexico's crime wars, the intensification of violence, and the expansion of war and violence to the spheres of local politics and civil society.

National Insecurity and Human Rights

Author : Alison Brysk
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520098609
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis National Insecurity and Human Rights by : Alison Brysk

Download or read book National Insecurity and Human Rights written by Alison Brysk and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-10-22 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract:. - http://www3.openu.ac.il/ouweb/owal/new_books1.book_desc?in_mis_cat=113448.

Violent Democracies in Latin America

Author : Enrique Desmond Arias
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822392038
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Violent Democracies in Latin America by : Enrique Desmond Arias

Download or read book Violent Democracies in Latin America written by Enrique Desmond Arias and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent political movements to establish democratic rule in Latin American countries, much of the region still suffers from pervasive violence. From vigilantism, to human rights violations, to police corruption, violence persists. It is perpetrated by state-sanctioned armies, guerillas, gangs, drug traffickers, and local community groups seeking self-protection. The everyday presence of violence contrasts starkly with governmental efforts to extend civil, political, and legal rights to all citizens, and it is invoked as evidence of the failure of Latin American countries to achieve true democracy. The contributors to this collection take the more nuanced view that violence is not a social aberration or the result of institutional failure; instead, it is intimately linked to the institutions and policies of economic liberalization and democratization. The contributors—anthropologists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians—explore how individuals and institutions in Latin American democracies, from the rural regions of Colombia and the Dominican Republic to the urban centers of Brazil and Mexico, use violence to impose and contest notions of order, rights, citizenship, and justice. They describe the lived realities of citizens and reveal the historical foundations of the violence that Latin America suffers today. One contributor examines the tightly woven relationship between violent individuals and state officials in Colombia, while another contextualizes violence in Rio de Janeiro within the transnational political economy of drug trafficking. By advancing the discussion of democratic Latin American regimes beyond the usual binary of success and failure, this collection suggests more sophisticated ways of understanding the challenges posed by violence, and of developing new frameworks for guaranteeing human rights in Latin America. Contributors: Enrique Desmond Arias, Javier Auyero, Lilian Bobea, Diane E. Davis, Robert Gay, Daniel M. Goldstein, Mary Roldán, Todd Landman, Ruth Stanley, María Clemencia Ramírez

Freedom in the World 2018

Author : Freedom House
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538112035
Total Pages : 1040 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Freedom in the World 2018 by : Freedom House

Download or read book Freedom in the World 2018 written by Freedom House and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom in the World is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The methodology of this survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories.

The Third Wave

Author : Samuel P. Huntington
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806186046
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Wave by : Samuel P. Huntington

Download or read book The Third Wave written by Samuel P. Huntington and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1974 and 1990 more than thirty countries in southern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe shifted from authoritarian to democratic systems of government. This global democratic revolution is probably the most important political trend in the late twentieth century. In The Third Wave, Samuel P. Huntington analyzes the causes and nature of these democratic transitions, evaluates the prospects for stability of the new democracies, and explores the possibility of more countries becoming democratic. The recent transitions, he argues, are the third major wave of democratization in the modem world. Each of the two previous waves was followed by a reverse wave in which some countries shifted back to authoritarian government. Using concrete examples, empirical evidence, and insightful analysis, Huntington provides neither a theory nor a history of the third wave, but an explanation of why and how it occurred. Factors responsible for the democratic trend include the legitimacy dilemmas of authoritarian regimes; economic and social development; the changed role of the Catholic Church; the impact of the United States, the European Community, and the Soviet Union; and the "snowballing" phenomenon: change in one country stimulating change in others. Five key elite groups within and outside the nondemocratic regime played roles in shaping the various ways democratization occurred. Compromise was key to all democratizations, and elections and nonviolent tactics also were central. New democracies must deal with the "torturer problem" and the "praetorian problem" and attempt to develop democratic values and processes. Disillusionment with democracy, Huntington argues, is necessary to consolidating democracy. He concludes the book with an analysis of the political, economic, and cultural factors that will decide whether or not the third wave continues. Several "Guidelines for Democratizers" offer specific, practical suggestions for initiating and carrying out reform. Huntington's emphasis on practical application makes this book a valuable tool for anyone engaged in the democratization process. At this volatile time in history, Huntington's assessment of the processes of democratization is indispensable to understanding the future of democracy in the world.

Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights

Author : Bychawska-Siniarska, Dominika
Publisher : Council of Europe
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights by : Bychawska-Siniarska, Dominika

Download or read book Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights written by Bychawska-Siniarska, Dominika and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European Convention on Human Rights – Article 10 – Freedom of expression 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. 2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. In the context of an effective democracy and respect for human rights mentioned in the Preamble to the European Convention on Human Rights, freedom of expression is not only important in its own right, but it also plays a central part in the protection of other rights under the Convention. Without a broad guarantee of the right to freedom of expression protected by independent and impartial courts, there is no free country, there is no democracy. This general proposition is undeniable. This handbook is a practical tool for legal professionals from Council of Europe member states who wish to strengthen their skills in applying the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in their daily work.

Human Rights in the 'War on Terror'

Author : Richard Wilson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521853194
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights in the 'War on Terror' by : Richard Wilson

Download or read book Human Rights in the 'War on Terror' written by Richard Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-03 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the war on terror since 9/11 from a human rights perspective.

International Human Rights

Author : Philip Alston
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199578729
Total Pages : 1622 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis International Human Rights by : Philip Alston

Download or read book International Human Rights written by Philip Alston and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 1622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The successor to International human rights in context: law, politics and morals."

Electing to Fight

Author : Edward D. Mansfield
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026226384X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Electing to Fight by : Edward D. Mansfield

Download or read book Electing to Fight written by Edward D. Mansfield and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-01-26 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the spread of democracy really contribute to international peace? Successive U. S. administrations have justified various policies intended to promote democracy not only by arguing that democracy is intrinsically good but by pointing to a wide range of research concluding that democracies rarely, if ever, go to war with one another. To promote democracy, the United States has provided economic assistance, political support, and technical advice to emerging democracies in Eastern and Central Europe, and it has attempted to remove undemocratic regimes through political pressure, economic sanctions, and military force. In Electing to Fight, Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder challenge the widely accepted basis of these policies by arguing that states in the early phases of transitions to democracy are more likely than other states to become involved in war. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, Mansfield and Snyder show that emerging democracies with weak political institutions are especially likely to go to war. Leaders of these countries attempt to rally support by invoking external threats and resorting to belligerent, nationalist rhetoric. Mansfield and Snyder point to this pattern in cases ranging from revolutionary France to contemporary Russia. Because the risk of a state's being involved in violent conflict is high until democracy is fully consolidated, Mansfield and Snyder argue, the best way to promote democracy is to begin by building the institutions that democracy requires—such as the rule of law—and only then encouraging mass political participation and elections. Readers will find this argument particularly relevant to prevailing concerns about the transitional government in Iraq. Electing to Fight also calls into question the wisdom of urging early elections elsewhere in the Islamic world and in China.