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Human Oocytes And Their Chromosomes
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Author :B.-M. Uebele-Kallhardt Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :364295328X Total Pages :113 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (429 download)
Book Synopsis Human Oocytes and Their Chromosomes by : B.-M. Uebele-Kallhardt
Download or read book Human Oocytes and Their Chromosomes written by B.-M. Uebele-Kallhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen remarkable advances in human ge netics. Once the correct chromosome number of the human genome was ascertained, a wide variety of diseases was rec ognized as due to numerical chromosome anomalies. There followed the discovery that spontaneous abortions are the result of chromosome errors, and specific band patterns of chromosomes allowed identification of minute lesions. The techniques of cell hybridization now allow specific gene assign ment to chromosomes and even to distinct loci on their arms. All this was possible because of the ease with which metaphase chromosomes can be obtained and manipulated. The much older technique of analysis of meiotic chromosomes has taken a back seat in this exciting era. Being much less readily accessi ble, spermatogonial analysis is much less frequently under taken and is less successful. Even more difficult for study is the female meiotic process. Not only is meiosis extraordinar ily long, spanning from before birth to ovulation, the tech niques for its study and the patience required for detailed inquiry have been significant obstacles. At the same time, the suspicion that female meiotic analysis should not only be rewarding but that it may be mandatory has been with us ever since it was recognized that a positive correlation exists between chromosomal nondisjunction and maternal age. Before the intricacies of chromosomal behavior that are re sponsible for nondisjunction are understood, however, it is necessary that we comprehend the normalcy of the process.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine by : Carlos Simón
Download or read book Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oocyte Growth and Maturation by : T.A. Dettlaff
Download or read book Oocyte Growth and Maturation written by T.A. Dettlaff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of oogenesis occupy an important place in current in vestigations in developmental biology. Today no one has any doubt whatsoever that oogenesis is not just the prelude to development, but is development itself, and a very essential part of it. These words of an eminent Soviet scientist, B. L. As taurov , taken by T. B. Aizenshtadt as an epigraph to her chapter in this book, make a good epigraph for the entire book. It is now clear that during oogenesis not only vast reserves of ribosomes and mitochondria, of yolk, carbohydrates, and lipids, and of enzymes for protein and nucleic acid synthesis and for carbohydrate and fat metabolism (which ensures the energy supply and metabolism of the oocyte and the developing embryo) are formed, but also long-lived mRNA and proteins are synthesized, which determine both the completion of oocyte maturation and the initial stages of embryonic development. In the last 15-20 years, the use of molecular biology methods, electron microscopy, autoradiography, and microsurgical methods of experimental embryology in studying the pre-embryonic development of animals has greatly increased our knowledge of oogenesis. This has led to the need to systematize the data obtained, to reinter pret old ideas, and to review the results obtained by new research trends which have emerged in the last few years and which are of general biological interest. Such a task was undertaken in the book Sovremennye Problemy Oogeneza (Current Problems of Oogenesis), published in 1977 (in Russian).
Book Synopsis Textbook of Human Reproductive Genetics by : Karen Sermon
Download or read book Textbook of Human Reproductive Genetics written by Karen Sermon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together genetics, reproductive biology and medicine for an integrative view of the emerging specialism of reproductive genetics.
Download or read book Meiosis and Gametogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-11-24 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the fact that the process of meiosis is fundamental to inheritance, surprisingly little is understood about how it actually occurs. There has recently been a flurry of research activity in this area and this volume summarizes the advances coming from this work. All authors are recognized and respected research scientists at the forefront of research in meiosis. Of particular interest is the emphasis in this volume on meiosis in the context of gametogenesis in higher eukaryotic organisms, backed up by chapters on meiotic mechanisms in other model organisms. The focus is on modern molecular and cytological techniques and how these have elucidated fundamental mechanisms of meiosis. Authors provide easy access to the literature for those who want to pursue topics in greater depth, but reviews are comprehensive so that this book may become a standard reference.Key Features* Comprehensive reviews that, taken together, provide up-to-date coverage of a rapidly moving field* Features new and unpublished information* Integrates research in diverse organisms to present an overview of common threads in mechanisms of meiosis* Includes thoughtful consideration of areas for future investigation
Book Synopsis Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society
Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.
Book Synopsis Cytoskeleton Dynamics by : Helder Maiato
Download or read book Cytoskeleton Dynamics written by Helder Maiato and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details comprehensive state-of-the-art methods on actin microfilaments and microtubules and how they work to achieve different cellular functions in different cellular contexts. Chapters guide readers through protein purification, in vitro reconstitution of several cytoskeleton properties, analyses of microtubule- and actin-based structures, functional dissection of post-translational modifications, and roles in several biological processes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cytoskeleton Dynamics: Methods and Protocols aims to provide a wide range of experimental approaches and be an invaluable resource for present and future generations of cytoskeleton researchers. The chapter “Visualization and Functional Analysis of Spindle Actin and Chromosome Segregation in Mammalian Oocytes” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Clinical Embryology by : Kevin Coward
Download or read book Textbook of Clinical Embryology written by Kevin Coward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of Assisted Reproductive Technology is critically dependent upon the use of well optimized protocols, based upon sound scientific reasoning, empirical observations and evidence of clinical efficacy. Recently, the treatment of infertility has experienced a revolution, with the routine adoption of increasingly specialized molecular biological techniques and advanced methods for the manipulation of gametes and embryos. This textbook – inspired by the postgraduate degree program at the University of Oxford – guides students through the multidisciplinary syllabus essential to ART laboratory practice, from basic culture techniques and micromanipulation to laboratory management and quality assurance, and from endocrinology to molecular biology and research methods. Written for all levels of IVF practitioners, reproductive biologists and technologists involved in human reproductive science, it can be used as a reference manual for all IVF labs and as a textbook by undergraduates, advanced students, scientists and professionals involved in gamete, embryo or stem cell biology.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Human Infertility by : P.H. Vogt
Download or read book Genetics of Human Infertility written by P.H. Vogt and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infertility affects more than one in ten couples worldwide and is related to highly heterogeneous pathologies sometimes only discernible in the germ line. Its complex etiology often, but not always, includes genetic factors besides anatomical defects, immunological interference, and environmental aspects. Nearly 30% of infertility cases are probably caused only by genetic defects. Thereby experimental animal knockout models convincingly show that infertility can be caused by single or multiple gene defects. Translating those basic research findings into clinical studies is challenging, leaving genetic causes for the vast majority of infertility patients unexplained. Nevertheless, a large number of candidate genes have been revealed by sophisticated molecular methods. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the subject of infertility written by the leading authorities in this field. It covers topics including basic biological, cytological, and molecular studies, as well as common and uncommon syndromes. It is a must-read for human geneticists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, zoologists, and counsellors in human genetics, infertility, and assisted reproduction.
Book Synopsis Preimplantation Genetics by : A. Kuliev
Download or read book Preimplantation Genetics written by A. Kuliev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yury Verlinskyand Anver Kuliev Reproductive Genetics Institute, Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W. Wellington chicago, IL 60657 Although introduction of a first trimester prenatal diagnosis by chorionic viIIus sampling (CVS) has considerably improved the possibility for prevention of genetic diseases, it requires a selective abortion in case of an affected fetus. Following the direction of an earlier prenatal diagnosis and to avoid the need for abortion, preimplantation genetic diagnosis has been initiated based on polar body removal and pre-embryo biopsy. The First International symposium on Preimplantation Genetics, Chicago, September 17-19, 1990, was organized to explore these important developments, to review the state of knowledge in the field, and to address existing problems to be solved for developing and improving current approaches for preimplantation diagnosis of genetic disorders. A growing interest in the subject was obvious from the wide attendance of the meeting: over 250 scientists from 19 countries participated. This was the first attempt to put together the advances in different areas of basic and applied research relevant to Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, with the multidisciplinary scientific program including the sessions on embryology, micromanipulation and biopsy, genetic analysis of gametes and pre-embryos, IVF, gene expression and gene therapy, and ethical and legal issues. The deliberations of the Symposium presented in the above mentioned sessions, which comprise the contents of correspond ing sections of the Proceedings, open a newarea in medical research based on the interaction of IVF and New Genetics.
Book Synopsis Human Assisted Reproductive Technology by : David K. Gardner
Download or read book Human Assisted Reproductive Technology written by David K. Gardner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Assisted Reproductive Technology: Future Trends in Laboratory and Clinical Practice offers a collection of concise, practical review articles on cutting-edge topics within reproductive medicine. Each article presents a balanced view of clinically relevant information and looks ahead to how practice will change over the next five years. The clinical section discusses advances in reproductive surgery and current use of robotic surgery for tubal reversal and removal of fibroids. It looks into the refinement of surgical procedures for fertility preservation purposes. Chapters also discuss non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis with proteomics technology, new concepts in ovarian stimulation and in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome, and evidence-based ART. The embryology section discusses issues ranging from three-dimensional in-vitro ovarian follicle culture, and morphometric and proteomics analysis of embryos, to oocyte and embryo cyropreservation. This forward-looking volume of review articles is key reading for reproductive medicine physicians, gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists, urologists and andrologists.
Book Synopsis Human Chromosomes by : Orlando J. Miller
Download or read book Human Chromosomes written by Orlando J. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of this well-known text provides students, researchers and technicians in the area of medicine, genetics and cell biology with a concise, understandable introduction to the structure and behavior of human chromosomes. This new edition continues to cover both basic and up-to-date material on normal and defective chromosomes, yet is particularly strengthened by the complete revision of the material on the molecular genetics of chromosomes and chromosomal defects. The mapping and molecular analysis of chromosomes is one of the most exciting and active areas of modern biomedical research, and this book will be invaluable to scientists, students, technicians and physicians with an interest in the function and dysfunction of chromosomes.
Book Synopsis In Vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes by : Seang Lin Tan
Download or read book In Vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes written by Seang Lin Tan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of IVM in assisted reproductive technology continues to increase around the world. The major benefit of IVM is that significant numbers of oocytes can be collected from ovaries without recourse to ovarian stimulation. This reduces the costs, time, and risks associated with conventional IVF. Although initially limited to women with polycystic ovary syndrome who were at higher risk of problems following ovarian stimulation, IVM is increasingly used in women with normal ovulatory menstrual cycles. This authoritative text covers the current scientific knowledge of oocyte development and the understanding behind the techniques involved in the clinical application of IVM in assisted reproductive technologies. Short Contents
Book Synopsis Chromosomal Complements in Human Immature and Mature Oocytes in Relation to Maternal Age by : Wagdan Alenizy
Download or read book Chromosomal Complements in Human Immature and Mature Oocytes in Relation to Maternal Age written by Wagdan Alenizy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Numerical chromosome abnormalities significantly contribute to the high incidence of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and live births with congenital defects. The vast majority of these abnormalities are maternally related and attributed to meiotic errors occurring during oogenesis. The clinical relevance of these errors, the contribution to the overall rate of chromosome abnormalities, and the association with advanced maternal age are well documented. Maternally related chromosome abnormalities can also be attributed to errors occurring prior to meiosis. Select studies have estimated the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors, though the prevalence, clinical relevance, and association with maternal age remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors in human immature and mature oocytes derived from women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) treatment cycles in relation to maternal age. FISH-based analysis for chromosomes most frequently involved in pregnancy loss (13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, and X) was applied to analyze the chromosomal complements in human oocytes. We pioneered a method in developing and validating the FISH signals scoring criteria of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at different maturation stages (in relation to maternal age) by plotting histograms of FISH signals per tested chromosome. These distributions allowed us to determine the possibility of sample variation, as well as confirmed our FISH signals scoring criteria for chromosomally normal oocytes. The overall rates of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at all different maturation stages were comparable between both maternal age groups, suggesting that pre-meiotic mitotic errors are not maternal-age dependent. We re-analyzed the data to estimate the incidence of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at the different maturation stages (in relation to maternal age) when each patient donated "sibling oocytes" for eliminating patient bias. These results confirmed that pre-meiotic mitotic errors are not associated with maternal age. Our findings indicate that the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors in human mature oocytes with the corresponding first polar bodies in relation to maternal age is considerably low compared to first meiotic errors. As previously reported, the overall rate of first meiotic errors is directly related to maternal age. Our data suggest that although the contribution of pre-meiotic mitotic errors to the overall rate of maternally related chromosome abnormalities is relatively low, consequences of these errors have clinical relevance to human fertility, at least in our study population. " --
Book Synopsis Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte by : Alan O. Trounson
Download or read book Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte written by Alan O. Trounson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-07-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human oocyte or egg is the rarest and most rapidly ageing cell in the body, and yet one that is essential for fertility. This book is about the development, biology and pathology of the oocyte, and new technologies to manipulate, enhance, and control fertility. These technologies are paving the way for overcoming infertility, avoiding inherited diseases, and creating genetically engineered animals from embryo stem cells and cloning. This progress would have been impossible without the myriad of scientific and technical developments covered in this book, including the ability to manipulate and fertilize oocytes in vitro. World-leading experts have contributed to the first book for many years on basic and applied science of the egg, its clinical manipulation, and its pivotal role in reproductive medicine and biology. It will be an essential reference for scientists and clinicians in reproductive medicine and animal breeding technology, and everyone involved in treating infertility.
