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Hox Genes Interact With The Ras And Wnt Signaling Pathways To Specify Anteroposterior Body Patterns In C Elegans
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Book Synopsis Hox Genes Interact with the Ras and Wnt Signaling Pathways to Specify Anteroposterior Body Patterns in C. Elegans by : Julin N. Maloof
Download or read book Hox Genes Interact with the Ras and Wnt Signaling Pathways to Specify Anteroposterior Body Patterns in C. Elegans written by Julin N. Maloof and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Hox Gene Expression in Patterning Cell Fates and Migrations Along the C. Elegans Anteroposterior Body Axis by : Stephen J. Salser
Download or read book Role of Hox Gene Expression in Patterning Cell Fates and Migrations Along the C. Elegans Anteroposterior Body Axis written by Stephen J. Salser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Homeotic Gene Cluster Patterns the Anteroposterior Body Axis of the Nematode C. Elegans by : Bruce Boe-Ang Wang
Download or read book A Homeotic Gene Cluster Patterns the Anteroposterior Body Axis of the Nematode C. Elegans written by Bruce Boe-Ang Wang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wnt Signaling in Development by : Michael Kühl
Download or read book Wnt Signaling in Development written by Michael Kühl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wnt genes code for a family of secreted glycoproteins which fulfil important functions during the development of vertebrates and invertebrates. Wnts regulate as different aspects as differentiation, proliferation, cell migration, and cell polarity. Wnt proteins are able to activate different intracellular signaling cascades. This book describes different aspects of Wnt signaling during development of different species like the mouse, Xenopus, chicken, C. elegans or Drosophila and in different cellular contexts like heart formation or limb bud patterning. By doing such, this book provides, for the first time in printed form, an overview of the function of Wnt proteins during development. This book will be of interest to all professionals in the field of Wnt signaling, signal transduction or animal development.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Let-765/Nsh-1 and Its Role in RAS Signalling in Caenorhabditis Elegans by : Carrie Leanne Simms
Download or read book Characterization of Let-765/Nsh-1 and Its Role in RAS Signalling in Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Carrie Leanne Simms and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad diversity of cell types generated during development of a multicellular organism result from cell-fate decisions. Many fate decisions are directed by the actions of signalling pathways such as the RAS/map kinase (MAPK) pathway via the transcriptional regulation of target genes. The differential expression of target genes is, in turn, responsible for the determination of cell fate. In C. elegans, a RAS/MAPK pathway acts downstream of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor to regulate cell fates in several tissues. In particular, development of the vulva has provided an opportunity to dissect the function of RAS pathway components as well as positive and negative regulators of the pathway. I have identified the essential gene, Let-765, as notch signalling pathway homolog-1 (nsh-1), a DExD/H box protein. To investigate the role of Let-765 with respect to C. elegans development, I performed a genetic and molecular analysis of the gene. Let-765 was found to be broadly expressed throughout development and an assessment of reduction-of-function phenotypes suggests that it is likely required for RAS pathway-directed processes, including larval viability, vulval induction, and development of the male tail and posterior ectoderm. By investigating genetic interactions between the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway and Let-765, I have demonstrated that it promotes RAS pathway activity and is required for vulval induction. These studies indicate that Let-765 acts upstream of the ligand and antagonizes the repressive activity of the synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes. Specifically, LET-765 appears to positively regulate the transcription of lin-3 EGF, which is required to specify vulval cell fates. The variety of phenotypes generated by a loss or reduction of let-765 function is consistent with a role for LET-765 regulating multiple processes through interactions with factors in addition to the EGFR/RAS pathway. A novel role for DExD/H box proteins in transcriptional regulation has been proposed recently and, together with the data demonstrating a role for LET-765 in the regulation of Lin-3 transcription, I propose that LET-765 may interact with transcriptional regulatory complexes to promote gene expression. In summary, this study has provided novel insight into the control of LIN-3/EGF expression and the EGFR/RAS pathway during C. elegans development.
Book Synopsis Cell Migration and Pattern Formation Along the Anteroposterior Body Axis of C̲.̲e̲̲ḻe̲g̲a̲ṉs̲ by : Quee Lim Ch'ng
Download or read book Cell Migration and Pattern Formation Along the Anteroposterior Body Axis of C̲.̲e̲̲ḻe̲g̲a̲ṉs̲ written by Quee Lim Ch'ng and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The EGF Receptor Family by : Graham Carpenter
Download or read book The EGF Receptor Family written by Graham Carpenter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-02-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormity of the literature on growth factors, plus the breadth of the biological disciplines and technical expertise required prohibits a comprehensive review by even a multi-disciplinary panel of authors. To provide an alternative that is feasible for authors and digestible by readers, this review compendium consists of a collection of articles, each covering an aspect of teh ErbB/EGF field. This compilation features articles on growth factor ligands, neuregulins, and individual receptors. The second part of the book concentrates on the biological context of the ErbB receptors, particularly in mammary development and in cancer. It concludes with a discussion of the genetic systems that have enabled significant advances in research in this area.
Book Synopsis Identification of New Regulators of Sex-specific Neurogenesis in C. Elegans by : Jennifer Marie Ross Wolff
Download or read book Identification of New Regulators of Sex-specific Neurogenesis in C. Elegans written by Jennifer Marie Ross Wolff and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Genome Wide Screen in C. Elegans Identifies Cell Non-autonomous Regulators of Oncogenic Ras Mediated Over-proliferation by : Komal Rambani
Download or read book A Genome Wide Screen in C. Elegans Identifies Cell Non-autonomous Regulators of Oncogenic Ras Mediated Over-proliferation written by Komal Rambani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coordinated proliferative signals from the mesenchymal cells play a crucial role in the regulation of proliferation of epithelial cells during normal development, wound healing and several other normal physiological conditions. However, when epithelial cells acquire a set of malignant mutations, they respond differently to these extrinsic proliferative signals elicited by the surrounding mesenchymal cells. This scenario leads to a pathological signaling microenvironment that enhances abnormal proliferation of mutant epithelial cells and hence tumor growth. Despite mounting evidence that mesenchymal (stromal) cells influence the growth of tumors and cancer progression, it is unclear which specific genes in the mesenchymal cells regulate the molecular signals that promote the over-proliferation of the adjacent mutant epithelial cells. We hypothesized that there are certain genes in the mesenchymal (stromal) cells that regulate proliferation of the adjacent mutant cells. The complexity of various stromal cell types and their interactions in vivo in cancer mouse models and human tumor samples limits our ability to identify mesenchymal genes important in this process. Thus, we took a cross-species approach to use C. elegans vulval development as a model to understand the impact of mesenchymal (mesodermal) cells on the proliferation of epithelial (epidermal) cells. This model includes well-described signaling interactions between mesenchymal cells (anchor cell, gonad and muscle cells) and epidermal cells (vulva precursor cells, VPCs). In this system, three of the six equipotent VPCs normally divide to produce vulval tissue. These divisions result from coordination of Egf and Wnt signals from mesenchymal cells, and lateral Notch signaling between the VPCs. The anchor cell in the gonad (the mesenchymal cells) produces an LIN-3/EGF signal, and the most proximal VPC in the underlying epidermal cell (P6.p) is induced to adopt a vulval fate (termed 1°), and to promote its neighbors (P5.p and P7.p) to adopt a distinct vulval fate (termed 2°) via LIN-12/Notch. Following signaling, these three cells go through three rounds of invariant cell division to form a symmetric vulva cavity comprised of 22 daughter cells. Abnormal activation of the Egf pathway, such as through introducing gain-of-function (gf) mutations in let-60/Ras, leads to the promotion of vulval fates in the remaining three VPCs, which then divide inappropriately to develop multiple ectopic vulval protrusions (the multivulva, or Muv, phenotype). To identify genes that function in mesodermal cells to inhibit the proliferation of Ras-mutant epidermal cells, we genetically engineered C. elegans to develop a model that possess let-60(gf)/Ras mutation mediated over-proliferation (Muv phenotype) and RNA interference (RNAi) competence specific to mesenchymal tissues only. This strain was subjected to a genome-wide RNAi screen using standard methods. Our screen identified 47 genes that, upon RNAi mediated knock-down of a gene in mesodermal cells, suppress over-proliferation of let-60(gf)/Ras epithelial cells in an allele-specific manner. Notably, these genes encode histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, vesicle transport proteins and metabolic factors, rather than secreted molecules. Importantly, candidate genes emerged from this screen are significantly enriched for the conserved genes and signaling-pathways from C. elegans to humans. These results form the basis of a comprehensive understanding of molecular factors in mesenchymal cells that impact oncogenic cell proliferation.
Book Synopsis Genetic Regulation of Caenorhabditis Elegans Post-embryonic Development Involving the Transcription Factors EGL-38, VAB-3, and LIN-14 by : Ryan William Johnson
Download or read book Genetic Regulation of Caenorhabditis Elegans Post-embryonic Development Involving the Transcription Factors EGL-38, VAB-3, and LIN-14 written by Ryan William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Sequence-specific transcription factors are crucial to generating the gene expression patterns that drive the specification, morphogenesis, and physiology of organs and tissues. In order to better understand how organ form and function are orchestrated by transcription factors, we must better understand the genetic inputs and outputs of these critical regulators. In this work, I have utilized C. elegans to characterize the genetic networks and organ functions of three post-embryonically functioning transcription factors. The Pax family of transcription factors is highly conserved across animal species, and controls the development of multiple tissues and organs during development. In C. elegans males, two sensory mating structures, the copulatory spicules and the post-cloacal sensilla, are formed from stereotyped divisions of the two post-embryonic blast cells, B.a and Y.p, respectively. A C. elegans pax-6 transcript, vab-3, is necessary for the development of these sensory structures. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based vab-3 transcriptional reporter, I found that expression is restricted to the sensory organ lineages of B.a and Y.p. Transcription of vab-3 in the tail region of the worm requires the Abdominal-B homeobox gene, egl-5. Opposing this activation, a transcription factor cascade and a Wnt signaling pathway each act to restrict vab-3 expression to the appropriate cell lineages. Another C. elegans Pax gene, egl-38, is required for the development of the egg-laying system and rectum. However, few EGL-38 target genes are known. Using gene expression microarrays, we cross-referenced microarray data from an inducible EGL-38 strain and two egl-38 mutants that disrupt protein function in a tissue-preferential manner to identify potential tissue-specific EGL-38 target genes. One set of genes from this analysis was validated using GFP reporter transgenes. Most of these genes are expressed in egl-38-dependent tissues, and many display egl-38 dependence. In addition to the identification of target genes, this work revealed enrichments in gene classes that play a role in innate immunity. Consistent with this, we discovered a novel immune function for egl-38. We found that the gene activities of egl-38 and three egl-38-responsive genes from our validation set are associated with increased infection by the pathogenic bacterium M. nematophilum. However, we also show that egl-38 does not impact infection by a different pathogen, S. marcescens. While Pax genes regulate spatial tissue/organ identity, some transcription factors regulate temporal identity. In C. elegans, heterochronic genes function to ensure the precise timing of stage-specific developmental events. I positionally cloned a novel missense allele of the heterochronic transcription factor LIN-14, and revealed a previously undiscovered ability of this protein to solely affect late larval development. lin-14(sa485) hermaphrodites exhibit asynchrony between vulval and gonadal morphogenesis and maturation. Further, lin-14(sa485) preferentially disrupts the timing of vulval cell morphogenesis, but not cell division. I also show that terminal differentiation of a uterine cell type is delayed in lin-14(sa485) mutants.
Book Synopsis The C. Elegans Hox Gene Ceh-13 Regulates Cell Migration and Fusion in a Non-colinear Way. Implications for the Early Evolution of Hox Clusters by :
Download or read book The C. Elegans Hox Gene Ceh-13 Regulates Cell Migration and Fusion in a Non-colinear Way. Implications for the Early Evolution of Hox Clusters written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Hox genes play a central role in axial patterning during animal development. They are clustered in the genome and specify cell fate in sequential domains along the anteroposterior (A-P) body axis in a conserved order that is co-linear with their relative genomic position. In the soil worm Caenorhabditis elegans, this striking rule of co-linearity is broken by the anterior Hox gene ceh-13, which is located between the two middle Hox paralogs, lin-39 and mab-5, within the loosely organized nematode Hox cluster. Despite its evolutionary and developmental significance, the functional consequence of this unusual genomic organization remains unresolved. Results: In this study we have investigated the role of ceh-13 in different developmental processes, and found that its expression and function are not restricted to the anterior body part. We show that ceh-13 affects cell migration and fusion as well as tissue patterning in the middle and posterior body regions too. These data reveal novel roles for ceh-13 in developmental processes known to be under the control of middle Hox paralogs. Consistently, enhanced activity of lin-39 and mab-5 can suppress developmental arrest and morphologic malformation in ceh-13 deficient animals. Conclusion: Our findings presented here show that, unlike other Hox genes in C. elegans which display region-specific accumulation and function along the A-P axis, the expression and functional domain of the anterior Hox paralog ceh-13 extends beyond the anterior region of the worm. Furthermore, ceh-13 and the middle Hox paralogs share several developmental functions. Together, these results suggest the emergence of the middle-group Hox genes from a ceh-13-like primordial Hox ancestor.
Book Synopsis Endogenous Control of Stochastic Gene Expression in the Development of Caenorhabditis Elegans by : Ni Ji (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Endogenous Control of Stochastic Gene Expression in the Development of Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Ni Ji (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in the past decade have established gene expression as an inherently variable process. Accompanying this exciting finding is a fundamental question: how do physiological events, such as cell fate specification, proceed so robustly in the face of gene expression variability? In this thesis, I took a fresh attack at this question by examining the control of variability in the context of the stereotyped development of the nematode C. elegans. Specifically, I focused on the regulation of a Hox gene by the Wnt signaling pathway in a single C. elegans neuroblast. Analogous to vertebrate neural crest cells, Hox gene expression determines the migratory direction and the subsequent fate choices of cells that descend from the original neuroblast. Intrigued by the earlier observation that perturbation to Wnt signaling disrupts the wild-type stereotypy in migratory decision, I speculated that variable gene expression may underlie the partial penetrance in the mutants and subsequently questioned what mechanism safeguards against variability in the wild type. Combining single-cell transcript counting with genetic manipulation, I quantified the variability in Hox gene expression in the Q neuroblasts in both the wild type and a series of Wnt signaling mutants. Interestingly, I observed increased expression variability in a number of mutants and an overall complex relationship between expression variability and mean expression level. Distinct features in the gene expression profile embarked me on a search for network interactions, leading to the discovery of multiple novel feedback loops within the Wnt pathway. Applying computational network inference, I revealed a network of interlocking positive and negative feedback loops, which I subsequently show to have a topological advantage in dampening stochastic noise in gene expression.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genomic Regulatory Systems by : Eric H. Davidson
Download or read book Genomic Regulatory Systems written by Eric H. Davidson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. Because evolution is such a highly debated topic, a biologically oriented discussion will appeal not only to scientists and biologists but also to the interested lay person. This topic will always be a subject of controversy and therefore any breaking information regarding it is of great interest.The author is a recognized expert in the field of developmental biology and has been instrumental in elucidating the relationship between biology and evolution. The study of evolution is of interest to many different kinds of people and Genomic Regulatory Systems: In Development and Evolution is written at a level that is very easy to read and understand even for the nonscientist. * Contents Include* Regulatory Hardwiring: A Brief Overview of the Genomic Control Apparatus and Its Causal Role in Development and Evolution * Inside the Cis-Regulatory Module: Control Logic and How the Regulatory Environment Is Transduced into Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression* Regulation of Direct Cell-Type Specification in Early Development* The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts* Changes That Make New Forms: Gene Regulatory Systems and the Evolution of Body Plans
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms by : Michael Akam
Download or read book The Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms written by Michael Akam and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
