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Author : Michaela Holzem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book "Hox" Gene Expression, Function and Regulation in Teleost Development written by Michaela Holzem and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Spyros Papageorgiou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387689907
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)
Download or read book HOX Gene Expression written by Spyros Papageorgiou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hox Gene Expression starts with the amazing discovery of the homeobox twenty-three years ago and follows the exciting path thereafter of a series of breakthroughs in Genetics, Development and Evolution. It deals with homeotic genes, their evolution, structure, normal and abnormal function. Researchers and graduate students in biology and medicine will benefit from this integrated overview of Hox gene activities.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080923127
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book HOX Genes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A subgroup of homeobox genes, which play an important role in the developmental processes of a variety of multicellular organisms, Hox genes have been shown to play a critical role in vertebrate pattern formation. Hox genes can be thought of as general purpose control genes—that is, they are similar in many organisms and direct the same processes in a variety of organisms, from mouse, to fly, to human. Provides researchers an overview and synthesis of the latest research findings and contemporary thought in the area Inclusion of chapters that discuss the evolutionary development of a wide variety of organisms Gives researchers and clinicians insight into how defective Hox genes trigger developmental abnormalities in embryos
Author : David E. K. Ferrier
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000821307
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Hox Modules in Evolution and Development written by David E. K. Ferrier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few, if any, genes have had the same level of impact on the field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) as the Hox genes. These genes are renowned for their roles in patterning the body plans and development of the animal kingdom. This is complemented by the distinctive organisation of these genes in the genome, with them frequently being found as clusters in which gene position is linked to when and where the individual genes are expressed, particularly during embryogenesis. This book provides the latest overviews of Hox gene organisation and function for major clades of animals from across the animal kingdom. With the rapidly increasing availability of high-quality whole genome sequences from an ever-expanding range of species, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is great diversity in the organisation of Hox genes. These great strides in genome sequencing are wedded to important developments in our ability to detect expression and disrupt gene function in species that are not traditionally genetically-amenable animals. These technical developments are integrated with wide taxon-sampling in this volume to provide new perspectives on the roles of Hox genes in understanding fundamental issues such as embryo patterning, mechanisms of gene regulation, homology, evolvability, evolutionary novelties, phylogeny, the role of gene and genome duplications in evolution, and ancestral states for major clades of animals. Key features Integrative overviews from major animal groups including, arthropods, vertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks and other spiralians. Perspectives gleaned from the latest genome sequence and gene expression data. Individual chapters written by world-leading experts in Hox genes and evo-devo in each animal group. Related Titles Scholtz, G., ed. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Crustacea (ISBN 978-9-0580-9637-1) Mattick, J. & P. Amaral. RNA, The Epicenter of Genetic Information (ISBN 978-0-3675-6778-1) Bard, J. Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity (ISBN 978-0-3673-5701-6)
Author : Cheryl Chih-Jui Hsia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (182 download)
Download or read book Evolution of Hox Gene Expression and Function and the Effect on Limb Specification in Arthropods written by Cheryl Chih-Jui Hsia and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many common sets of genes are used to generate diverse animal body plans. One set of these genes are the Hox genes, transcription factors that specify segmental identity along the anterior-posterior axis of animals in early development. Many studies have been carried out to uncover how the evolution of Hox genes and Hox gene function may have precipitated the evolution of diverse body plans. I carried out functional assays in Drosophila melanogaster embryos to explore whether changes in protein sequence may have facilitated the divergence of six-legged insects from multi-legged crustaceans. I developed fluorescent immunohistochemistry and double in situ hybridization methods in the crustacean, Artemia franciscana, to further clarify the HOX expression patterns in the trunk. From these studies, I found an example of a Hox gene capable of homeotic function, but inhibited from expression and presumably, inhibited from conferring segmental identity. This loss of segment identity function may contribute to the overall morphological body plan of Artemia to ensure the development of limbs throughout the trunk.
Author : Thomas Thomou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (658 download)
Download or read book HOX Gene Expression Profiles Demarcate Regional Identity of Human Fat Depots written by Thomas Thomou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Obesity and, in particular, complications associated with the metabolic syndrome constitute one of the greatest threats to public health, especially in Western societies. Fat is not uniform, but rather consists of specialized depots that differ in function and metabolic risk. To determine if the fat cell progenitors, preadipocytes, that give rise to new fat cells throughout life in these different fat depots are distinct, we profiled HOX genes in preadipocytes isolated from different fat depots. HOX genes are master developmental regulators of regional specification that act early in development and have persisting expression and effects during adulthood. Abdominal subcutaneous, mesenteric, and omental preadipocytes exhibited distinct patterns of HOX gene expression depending on fat depot origin. Cells from the intra-abdominal visceral mesenteric depot had a HOX expression profile closer to that of abdominal subcutaneous preadipocytes than cells from the omental depot, the other major intra-abdominal visceral depot. Gender and obesity had relatively small effects on depot-dependent differences in HOX expression patterns. Differentiation induced changes in HOX gene expression profiles, but regional differences persisted. We investigated if HOX gene signatures in preadipocytes are a function of the tissue microenvironment or if they are an intrinsic characteristic of preadipocytes from different fat depots. Depot-dependent HOX gene expression in telomerase-expressing preadipocyte strains that had undergone 40 population doublings was remarkably similar to that of primary cultures, implying epigenetic regulation. H3 dimethyl-K4 enrichment coincided with underlying HOX gene expression, providing a plausible mechanism for hereditable, cell autonomous HOX regulation. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that impact development via translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. We demonstrated that miR-10b, miR-196a, and miR-196b are significantly higher in subcutaneous compared to omental preadipocytes, a potential additional mechanism regulating preadipocyte HOX signatures. Retinoids, which influence adipogenesis, affected HOX expression. Retinaldehyde is an intermediate component of the retinoic acid pathway reported to be protective against diet-induced visceral obesity. We found that retinaldehyde alters HOX gene expression specifically in omental preadipocytes. These findings are compatible with the contention that the HOX network might be an inherent, developmental mechanism contributing to regional differences in fat tissue function.
Author : Brian K. Hall
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226313409
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Fins into Limbs written by Brian K. Hall and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long ago, fish fins evolved into the limbs of land vertebrates and tetrapods. During this transition, some elements of the fin were carried over while new features developed. Lizard limbs, bird wings, and human arms and legs are therefore all evolutionary modifications of the original tetrapod limb. A comprehensive look at the current state of research on fin and limb evolution and development, this volume addresses a wide range of subjects—including growth, structure, maintenance, function, and regeneration. Divided into sections on evolution, development, and transformations, the book begins with a historical introduction to the study of fins and limbs and goes on to consider the evolution of limbs into wings as well as adaptations associated with specialized modes of life, such as digging and burrowing. Fins into Limbs also discusses occasions when evolution appears to have been reversed—in whales, for example, whose front limbs became flippers when they reverted to the water—as well as situations in which limbs are lost, such as in snakes. With contributions from world-renowned researchers, Fins into Limbs will be a font for further investigations in the changing field of evolutionary developmental biology.
Author : H. William Detrich III
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123751616
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)
Download or read book Essential Zebrafish Methods: Genetics and Genomics written by H. William Detrich III and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-05 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its prolific reproduction and the external development of the transparent embryo, the zebrafish is the prime model for genetic and developmental studies, as well as research in genomics. While genetically distant from humans, nonetheless the vertebrate zebrafish has comparable organs and tissues that make it the model organism for study of vertebrate development.This book, one of two new volumes in the Reliable Lab Solutions series dealing with zebrafish, brings together a robust and up-to-date collection of time-tested methods presented by the world’s leading scientists. Culled from previously published chapters in Methods in Cell Biology and updated by the original authors where relevant, it provides a comprehensive collection of protocols describing the most widely used techniques relevant to the study of zebrafish genetics and genomics. The methods in this volume were hand-selected by the editors, whose goal was to a provide a handy and cost-effective collection of fail-safe methods, tips, and "tricks of the trade" to both experienced researchers and more junior members in the lab. Provides busy researchers a quick reference for time-tested methods and protocols that really work, updated where possible by the original authors Gives pragmatic wisdom to the non-specialist from experts in the field with years of experience with trial and error
Author : Brian K. Hall
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124166857
Total Pages : 911 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)
Download or read book Bones and Cartilage written by Brian K. Hall and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research. Offers complete coverage of every aspect of bone and cartilage, with updated references and extensive illustrations Integrates development and evolution of the skeleton, as well a synthesis of differentiation, growth and patterning Treats all levels from molecular to clinical, embryos to evolution, and covers all vertebrates as well as invertebrate cartilages Includes new chapters on evolutionary skeletal biology that highlight normal variation and variability, and variation outside the norm (neomorphs, atavisms) Updates hypotheses on the origination of cartilage using new phylogenetic, cellular and genetic data Covers stem cells in embryos and adults, including mesenchymal stem cells and their use in genetic engineering of cartilage, and the concept of the stem cell niche
Author : Terje Svingen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)
Download or read book Hox Transcription Factors written by Terje Svingen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Hox genes are regulatory genes encoding small proteins containing a highly conserved 61-amino acid motif, the homeodomain, that enables Hox proteins to bind to DNA at specifically recognised binding sites and transcriptionally activate their target genes. In mammalian species there are 39 Hox genes and they are structural and functional homologs of the Drosophila homeotic complex (Horn-C). During embryogenesis and early development the Hox genes are expressed in a spatiotemporal fashion, where they operate as master transcriptional regulators. Hox genes are further expressed in fully differentiated adult cells, potentially in a tissue-specific manner involving maintenance of the normal phenotype. In selected oncogenic transformations, dysregulated Hox gene expression has been observed, indicating an involvement of these transcriptional regulators in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Utilising quantitative real-time PCR assays, these studies investigated the expression patterns of 20 Hox genes and two wellcharacterised Hox cofactors (Pbx and Meis) in malignant and non-malignant human breast and skin cancer cells. Dysregulated Hox expression was observed for all malignancies tested, of which some misexpressed Hox genes seemed random, whereas other Hox transcripts showed altered levels potentially corresponding with the invasive capacity of the cells. Also, the Hox cofactors Pbx and Meis showed no marked changes in expression levels from the non-malignant to the malignant phenotypes, indicating that it is dysregulated Hox gene expression rather than dysregulated gene expression of Hox cofactors that potentially commit the cell to redifferentiate and undergo oncogenic transformation. Although the Hox proteins are known to be key transcriptional regulators of development, the mechanisms by which they gain their in vivo functional specificity is still largely unknown. They all show strikingly similar transcriptional specificity in vitro, yet show unique specificity in their in vivo environment. This paradox has been the subject of intense scrutiny, however very few direct Hox target genes have been identified, making it a difficult task to decipher the exact manner in which Hox proteins exert their functional potential. Therefore, the studies presented herein were aimed at identifying further Hox target genes in the human system. Utilising differential display approaches, several potential downstream target genes were isolated. Substantiated with real-time PCR assays, one of these potential targets was selected as a likely direct Hox gene target, and as such subjected to further studies. By the combination of bioinformatic analyses, transfection protocols and luciferase assays, a gene encoding the SR-related protein SRrpl3O was shown to be trans-activated in vitro by HOXD4 via a putative Hox binding element within its promoter region. This is the first reported link between Hox transcription factors and the SR and SR-related family of pre-mRNA splicing proteins, offering a new and exciting insight into the complex nature of Hox functional specificity. Finally, this thesis also puts forward new ideas regarding how the Hox proteins gain their transcriptional and functional specificity. Utilising bioinformatic tools in conjunction with performing an extensive review of the disparate catalogue of Hox-related research reports, work herein offers the first comprehensive analysis of the mammalian Hox gene targets in relation to their promoter structures, as well as with respect to the expanded Hox DNA-binding elements. This work reports that identified Hox targets generally contain TATA-less core promoters, many of which have several GC-box elements. The Hox binding elements show no apparent preference regarding their location relative to the transcription start site (TSS), as they are found both upstream and downstream of the TSS, as well as being located close to proximal core promoter elements for some genes and at more distant positions in other gene promoters. Finally, the core Hox binding element TAAT/ATTA contains only part of the necessary recognition sequence involved in Hox-DNA binding, and the notion that flanking base pairs dictate trans-regulatory potential is further explored with the hypothesis that the immediate 3' base pair dictates an activator/repressor-switch of the Hox trans-regulatory effect.
Author : Caroline Ospelt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Organ- and Site-Specific HOX Gene Expression in Stromal Cells written by Caroline Ospelt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HOX genes are a group of evolutionarily conserved genes that encode a family of transcription factors that regulate early developmental morphogenetic processes and continue to be expressed into adulthood. These highly conserved HOX factors play an unquestioned crucial role as master regulators during embryonic vertebrate development and morphogenesis by controlling the three dimensional body plan organization. HOX genes specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis. They encode proteins that specify the characteristics of ,Äòposition,Äô, ensuring that the correct structures form in the correct places of the body. Expression of HOX is known to persist in many tissues in the postnatal period suggesting the role of these genes not only during development but also for the functioning of tissues throughout life. The tissue-specific pattern of HOX gene expression is inherent in stromal/stem cells of mesenchymal origin, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and preadipocytes, enabling them to memorize their topographic location in the form of their HOX code and to fulfill their location-specific functions. In this chapter, we focus on the expression and potential role of HOX genes in adult tissues. We review evidence that site-specific expression of HOX genes is connected to location-specific disease susceptibility and review studies showing that dysregulated expression of HOX genes can be associated with various diseases. By recognizing the importance of site-specific molecular mechanisms in the organ stroma, we gain new insights into the processes underlying the site-specific manifestation of disease.
Author : Paul H. Harvey
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780198549840
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (498 download)
Download or read book New Uses for New Phylogenies written by Paul H. Harvey and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1996 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in molecular genetics make the sequencing of genes a straightforward exercise. Comparisons of sequenced genes from different individuals of a species, or from different species, allow the construction of family trees or evolutionary trees which reveal genetic relationships. This volume shows for the first time how those trees, or phylogenies, can be used to answer questions about population dynamics, epidemiology, development, biodiversity, conservation, and the evolution of genetic systems. The techniques for deciding what these new trees can tell us come together in a unified framework so that a common set of methods can be applied, whatever area of biology interests the researcher.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973481
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Author : Patrick J. Babin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402062338
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book The Fish Oocyte written by Patrick J. Babin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the growing needs in deciphering the biological processes associated with fish reproduction, in view of the growth of aquaculture and the dwindling natural stocks of commercially important fish. It presents a comprehensive overview on egg production in fish, from the standpoint of the oocyte. With this view in mind, the book includes chapters on oocyte development (oogenesis), hormonal regulation and hormone receptors, formation of the egg envelopes, growth, accumulation of nutrients and maternal transcripts, maturation, hydration, ovulation and fertilization. A special emphasis is placed on using state-of-the-art tools including electron microscopy for discerning the ultra-structure of the follicle and genomic/proteomic tools to fully understand biological basis of fish reproduction. Studies on promoting oocyte maturation, ovulation and spawning in farmed fish and preservation of fish oocytes at low temperatures are also included. The book will appeal to University lecturers, students, research scientists and those associated with culture of fish in freshwater or marine aquaculture.
Author : Marco Saroglia
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118350014
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Functional Genomics in Aquaculture written by Marco Saroglia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-25 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics has revolutionized biological research over the course of the last two decades. Genome maps of key agricultural species have offered increased understanding of the structure, organization, and evolution of animal genomes. Building upon this foundation, researchers are now emphasizing research on genome function. Published with the World Aquaculture Society, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture looks at the advances in this field as they directly relate to key traits and species in aquaculture production. Functional Genomics in Aquaculture opens with two chapters that provide a useful general introduction to the field of functional genomics. The second section of the book focuses on key production traits such as growth, development, reproduction, nutrition, and physiological response to stress and diseases. The final five chapters focus on a variety of key aquaculture species. Examples looking at our understanding of the functional genomes of salmonids, Mediterranean sea bass, Atlantic cod, catfish, shrimp, and molluscs, are included in the book. Providing valuable insights and discoveries into the functional genomes of finfish and shellfish species, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture, will be an invaluable resource to researchers and professionals in aquaculture, genetics, and animal science.
Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540346597
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Clinical Neuroembryology written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in developmental neurobiology and advances in (neuro) genetics have been spectacular. The high resolution of modern imaging techniques applicable to developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord have created a novel insight into the developmental history of the central nervous system (CNS). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human CNS in the context of its many developmental disorders. It provides a unique combination of data from human embryology, animal research and developmental neuropathology, and there are more than 400 figures in over a hundred separate illustrations.
Author : Jennifer A. Clack
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 025300537X
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Gaining Ground written by Jennifer A. Clack and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around 370 million years ago, a distant relative of a modern lungfish began a most extraordinary adventure—emerging from the water and laying claim to the land. Over the next 70 million years, this tentative beachhead had developed into a worldwide colonization by ever-increasing varieties of four-limbed creatures known as tetrapods, the ancestors of all vertebrate life on land. This new edition of Jennifer A. Clack's groundbreaking book tells the complex story of their emergence and evolution. Beginning with their closest relatives, the lobe-fin fishes such as lungfishes and coelacanths, Clack defines what a tetrapod is, describes their anatomy, and explains how they are related to other vertebrates. She looks at the Devonian environment in which they evolved, describes the known and newly discovered species, and explores the order and timing of anatomical changes that occurred during the fish-to-tetrapod transition.
