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How To Refer To Abstract Objects
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Book Synopsis Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse by : Nicholas Asher
Download or read book Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse written by Nicholas Asher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis Abstract Objects by : José L. Falguera
Download or read book Abstract Objects written by José L. Falguera and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-08 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the question “Do abstract objects exist?”, presenting new work from contributing authors across different branches of philosophy. The introduction overviews philosophical debate which considers: what objects qualify as abstract, what do we mean by the word "exist” and indeed, what evidence should count in favor or against the thesis that abstract objects exist. Through subsequent chapters readers will discover the ubiquity of abstract objects as each philosophical field is considered. Given the ubiquitous use of expressions that purportedly refer to abstract objects, we think that it is relevant to attend to the controversy between those who want to advocate the existence of abstract objects and those who stand against them. Contributions to this volume depict positions and debates that directly or indirectly involve taking one position or other about abstract objects of different kinds and categories. The volume provides a variety of samples of how positions for or against abstract objects can be used in different areas of philosophy in relation to different matters.
Book Synopsis Abstract Objects and the Semantics of Natural Language by : Friederike Moltmann
Download or read book Abstract Objects and the Semantics of Natural Language written by Friederike Moltmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Friederike Moltmann presents an original approach to philosophical issues to do with abstract objects. She focuses on natural language, and finds that reference to abstract objects such as properties, numbers, and propositions is much more restricted than is generally thought, and she offers a substantially new ontological picture.
Download or read book Types and Tokens written by Linda Wetzel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A consideration of the distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances, and an argument that types exist. There is a widely recognized but infrequently discussed distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances. Words come in both types and tokens—for example, there is only one word type 'the' but there are numerous tokens of it on this page—as do symphonies, bears, chess games, and many other types of things. In this book, Linda Wetzel examines the distinction between types and tokens and argues that types exist (as abstract objects, since they lack a unique spatiotemporal location). Wetzel demonstrates the ubiquity of references to (and quantifications over) types in science and ordinary language; types have to be reckoned with, and cannot simply be swept under the rug. Wetzel argues that there are such things as types by undermining the epistemological arguments against abstract objects and offering extended original arguments demonstrating the failure of nominalistic attempts to paraphrase away such references to (and quantifications over) types. She then focuses on the relation between types and their tokens, especially for words, showing for the first time that there is nothing that all tokens of a type need have in common other than being tokens of that type. Finally, she considers an often-overlooked problem for realism having to do with types occurring in other types (such as words in a sentence) and proposes an important and original solution, extending her discussion from words and expressions to other types that structurally involve other types (flags and stars and stripes; molecules and atoms; sonatas and notes).
Book Synopsis How to Refer to Abstract Objects by : James Edgar Davies
Download or read book How to Refer to Abstract Objects written by James Edgar Davies and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consider the statement "7 + 5 = 12". It appears to be true. Moreover, it appears to entail that something is identical to 7 + 5. But this thing that is identical to 7 + 5 does not appear to be located in space or time - where and when would we find it? Nor does it appear to enter into any causal interactions - what causes can influence it, and what events has it produced? Mathematical platonism is the view that all these intuitive appearances are correct: many of our mathematical statements are true statements about non-spatiotemporal and non-causal objects, or as philosophers say, abstract objects. Mathematical platonism stands in direct tension with many contemporary theories about how our thoughts and utterances can be about mind-independent objects, as most of those theories explain how we can think and speak about such objects in causal terms. This observation gives rise to the following argument, which I call the 'semantic argument against mathematical platonism'. For our any one of our expressions to refer to an object o, it must be possible for o to stand in at least one causal relation. It is impossible for abstract mathematical objects to stand in causal relations. Therefore reference to abstract mathematical objects is impossible. But if reference to abstract mathematical objects is impossible, then hardly any of our mathematical statements are true - at least when read at face value. This substantially undermines mathematical platonism. This dissertation defends mathematical platonism against the semantic argument. It has four chapters and a brief conclusion. I ultimately describe a package of views that may allow the platonist to resist the semantic argument. In particular this package of views allows the platonist to claim that not only can we refer to abstract mathematical objects, but we can refer singularly to them. Hence not only are apparent mathematical truths like "7 + 5 = 12" indeed true, but they say what they appear to say.
Book Synopsis Reference and Ontology by : David J. Pattillo
Download or read book Reference and Ontology written by David J. Pattillo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstract Objects written by E. Zalta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-06-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, I attempt to lay the axiomatic foundations of metaphysics by developing and applying a (formal) theory of abstract objects. The cornerstones include a principle which presents precise conditions under which there are abstract objects and a principle which says when apparently distinct such objects are in fact identical. The principles are constructed out of a basic set of primitive notions, which are identified at the end of the Introduction, just before the theorizing begins. The main reason for producing a theory which defines a logical space of abstract objects is that it may have a great deal of explanatory power. It is hoped that the data explained by means of the theory will be of interest to pure and applied metaphysicians, logicians and linguists, and pure and applied epistemologists. The ideas upon which the theory is based are not essentially new. They can be traced back to Alexius Meinong and his student, Ernst Mally, the two most influential members of a school of philosophers and psychologists working in Graz in the early part of the twentieth century. They investigated psychological, abstract and non-existent objects - a realm of objects which weren't being taken seriously by Anglo-American philoso phers in the Russell tradition. I first took the views of Meinong and Mally seriously in a course on metaphysics taught by Terence Parsons at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst in the Fall of 1978. Parsons had developed an axiomatic version of Meinong's naive theory of objects.
Download or read book Abstract Objects written by David Liggins and published by . This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers often debate the existence of such things as numbers and propositions, and say that if these objects exist, they are abstract. But what does it mean to call something 'abstract'? And do we have good reason to believe in the existence of abstract objects? This Element addresses those questions, putting newcomers to these debates in a position to understand what they concern and what are the most influential considerations at work in this area of metaphysics. It also provides advice on which lines of discussion promise to be the most fruitful.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Control of God? by : Paul Gould
Download or read book Beyond the Control of God? written by Paul Gould and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of God's relationship to abstract objects touches on a number of perennial concerns related to the nature of God. God is typically thought to be an independent and self-sufficient being. Further, God is typically thought to be supremely sovereign such that all reality distinct from God is dependent on God's creative and sustaining activity. However, the view that there are abstract objects seems to be a repudiation of this traditional understanding of God. Abstract objects are typically thought to exist necessarily and it is natural to think that if something exists necessarily, it does so because it is its nature to exist. Thus, abstract objects exist independently of God. Philosophers have called this the problem of God and abstract objects. In this book, six contemporary solutions to the problem are set out and defended against objections. It will be valuable for all students or scholars who are interested in the concept and nature of God.
Book Synopsis God and Abstract Objects by : William Lane Craig
Download or read book God and Abstract Objects written by William Lane Craig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an exploration and defense of the coherence of classical theism’s doctrine of divine aseity in the face of the challenge posed by Platonism with respect to abstract objects. A synoptic work in analytic philosophy of religion, the book engages discussions in philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and metaontology. It addresses absolute creationism, non-Platonic realism, fictionalism, neutralism, and alternative logics and semantics, among other topics. The book offers a helpful taxonomy of the wide range of options available to the classical theist for dealing with the challenge of Platonism. It probes in detail the diverse views on the reality of abstract objects and their compatibility with classical theism. It contains a most thorough discussion, rooted in careful exegesis, of the biblical and patristic basis of the doctrine of divine aseity. Finally, it challenges the influential Quinean metaontological theses concerning the way in which we make ontological commitments.
Book Synopsis Dummett on Abstract Objects by : G. Duke
Download or read book Dummett on Abstract Objects written by G. Duke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historically-informed critical assessment of Dummett's account of abstract objects, examines in detail some of the Fregean presuppositions of Dummett's account whilst also engaging with phenomenological approaches and recent work on the problem of abstract entities.
Download or read book Brandial '06 written by David Schlangen and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2006 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Objects written by Øystein Linnebo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics appears to be concerned with abstract objects such as numbers and sets. What are these objects? Oystein Linnebo develops a distinctive approach to ontology, in which abstract objects such as numbers and sets are demystified and allowed to exist alongside more familiar physical objects.
Book Synopsis Language and Other Abstract Objects by : Jerrold J. Katz
Download or read book Language and Other Abstract Objects written by Jerrold J. Katz and published by Rowman & Littlefield Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Pragmatic Maxim by : Christopher Hookway
Download or read book The Pragmatic Maxim written by Christopher Hookway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christopher Hookway presents a series of essays on the work of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1913), the 'founder of pragmatism' and one of the most important and original American philosophers. He illuminates how Peirce's writings on truth, science, and the nature of meaning contribute to philosophical understanding in ongoing debates.
Book Synopsis Identifying Reference to Abstract Objects in Dialogue by : Ron Artstein
Download or read book Identifying Reference to Abstract Objects in Dialogue written by Ron Artstein and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Objects written by Øystein Linnebo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there objects that are “thin” in the sense that not very much is required for their existence? Frege famously thought so. He claimed that the equinumerosity of the knives and the forks suffices for there to be objects such as the number of knives and the number of forks, and for these objects to be identical. The idea of thin objects holds great philosophical promise but has proved hard to explicate. Øystein Linnebo aims to do so by drawing on some Fregean ideas. First, to be an object is to be a possible referent of a singular term. Second, singular reference can be achieved by providing a criterion of identity for the would-be referent. The second idea enables a form of easy reference and thus, via the first idea, also a form of easy being. Paradox is avoided by imposing a predicativity restriction on the criteria of identity. But the abstraction based on a criterion of identity may result in an expanded domain. By iterating such expansions, a powerful account of dynamic abstraction is developed. The result is a distinctive approach to ontology. Abstract objects such as numbers and sets are demystified and allowed to exist alongside more familiar physical objects. And Linnebo also offers a novel approach to set theory which takes seriously the idea that sets are “formed” successively.
