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How To Measure The Fiscal Deficit
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Book Synopsis How to Measure the Fiscal Deficit by : Mr.Mario I. Bléjer
Download or read book How to Measure the Fiscal Deficit written by Mr.Mario I. Bléjer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-09-15 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal policy seeks to equilibrate the public sector's financing needs with the private sector's demand for investment and a sustainable balance of payments. Correct measurement of the public sector's net use of resources is therefore an important prerequisite for managing the macroeconomy. This volume, edited by Mario I. Blejer and Adrienne Cheasty, is organized around four issues: the adequacy of summary measures of the fiscal deficit, conventional and adjusted deficits, coverage (size) of the public sector, and the public sector's intertemporal budget constraint.
Book Synopsis Analytical and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Analytical and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-11-01 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557750167 Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Measurement of Fiscal Impact by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Measurement of Fiscal Impact written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-06-16 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes methodological issues pertaining to measurement of fiscal impact. The fiscal deficit is, under any circumstances, a crude tool for assessing the impact of fiscal policy on the economy. This paper also analyzes various ways in which the conventional definition of the fiscal deficit is affected by high rates of inflation. It has shown that, as the rate of inflation rises, the picture emerging from the conventional measure may, under certain circumstances, become somewhat blurred since the conventional measure may magnify the size of the fiscal adjustment that a country need. In fact, the size of the debt service that compensates bondholders for the reduction in the real value of their assets arising from inflation should be made explicit so as to indicate that part of the deficit whose impact depends mainly on portfolio decisions regarding the public's demand for government bonds, and on the potential effects of these bonds on the monetary and liquidity conditions of the economy.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Deficits and Current Account Deficits by : Mr.Michael Kumhof
Download or read book Fiscal Deficits and Current Account Deficits written by Mr.Michael Kumhof and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effectiveness of recent fiscal stimulus packages significantly depends on the assumption of non-Ricardian savings behavior. We show that, under the same assumption, fiscal deficits can have worrisome implications if they turn out to be permanent. First, if they occur in large countries they significantly raise the world real interest rate. Second, they cause a short run current account deterioration equal to around 50 percent of the fiscal deficit deterioration. Third, the longer run current account deterioration equals almost 75 percent for a large economy such as the United States, and almost 100 percent for a small open economy.
Book Synopsis Defining the Government’s Debt and Deficit by : Mr.Timothy Irwin
Download or read book Defining the Government’s Debt and Deficit written by Mr.Timothy Irwin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the budget deficit and the public debt feature prominently in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement about how they should be measured. They can be defined for different sets of public institutions, including the nested sets corresponding to central government, general government, and the public sector, and, for any definition of government, there are many measures of the debt and deficit, including those generated by four kinds of accounts (cash, financial, full accrual, and comprehensive), which can be derived from four nested sets of assets and liabilities. Each debt and deficit measure says something about public finances, but none tells the whole story. Each is also vulnerable to manipulation, and is likely to be manipulated if it is subject to a binding fiscal rule or target. Narrow definitions of government encourage the shifting of spending to entities outside the defined perimeter of government. Narrow definitions of debt and deficit encourage operations involving off-balance-sheets assets and liabilities, while broad measures are susceptible to the mismeasurement of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities. Reviewing the literature on these issues, the paper concludes that governments should publish several measures of the debt and deficit in a form that clearly reveals their interrelationships.
Book Synopsis Do Deficits Matter? by : Daniel Shaviro
Download or read book Do Deficits Matter? written by Daniel Shaviro and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997-05 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do deficits matter? Yes and no, says Daniel Shaviro in this political and economic study. Yes, because fiscal policy affects generational distribution, national saving, and the level of government spending. And no, because the deficit is an inaccurate measure with little economic content. This book provides an invaluable guide for anyone wanting to know exactly what is at stake for Americans in this ongoing debate. "[An] excellent, comprehensive, and illuminating book. Its analysis, deftly integrating considerations of economics, law, politics, and philosophy, brings the issues of 'balanced budgets,' national saving, and intergenerational equity out of the area of religious crusades and into an arena of reason. . . . A magnificent, judicious, and balanced treatment. It should be read and studied not just by specialists in fiscal policy but by all those in the economic and political community."—Robert Eisner, Journal of Economic Literature "Shaviro's history, economics, and political analysis are right on the mark. For all readers."—Library Journal
Book Synopsis Analytical and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits by : Adrienne Cheasty
Download or read book Analytical and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits written by Adrienne Cheasty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper surveys various measures of the fiscal deficit. Issues addressed include: the definition of the deficit in a public sector of a given coverage (the conventional deficit, the current deficit, the domestic deficit, the operational deficit, etc.); the coverage and composition of the public sector; and present value approaches to deficit measurement.
Book Synopsis Inflation and the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits by : Mario Teijeiro
Download or read book Inflation and the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits written by Mario Teijeiro and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The very high rates of inflation experienced by several developing countries in recent years have raised questions about the usefulness of the conventional (cash) measure of the fiscal deficit as a gauge of the fiscal adjustment that a country needs. Economists have divided themselves in two groups: those who believe that regardless of inflation, the conventional measure is still the relevant one; and those who maintain that only a measure that excludes from the deficit the part of interest payments that compensates bondholders for inflation is the correct one. This paper analyzes the issues involved and concludes that neither measure gives the right signal so that both ought to be calculated when the rate of inflation is high.
Book Synopsis The Great Fiscal Experiment by : Rudolph Gerhard Penner
Download or read book The Great Fiscal Experiment written by Rudolph Gerhard Penner and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 1991 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the macro fiscal policy changes and asks what have been learned from this turbulent decade about the effects of fiscal policy on the economy.
Book Synopsis How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be? by : Paul Ely Beckerman
Download or read book How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be? written by Paul Ely Beckerman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A spreadsheet planning model to help determine the government deficit consistent with a specified vector of country macroeconomic objectives.
Book Synopsis Defining the Government’s Debt and Deficit by : Mr.Timothy C Irwin
Download or read book Defining the Government’s Debt and Deficit written by Mr.Timothy C Irwin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the budget deficit and the public debt feature prominently in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement about how they should be measured. They can be defined for different sets of public institutions, including the nested sets corresponding to central government, general government, and the public sector, and, for any definition of government, there are many measures of the debt and deficit, including those generated by four kinds of accounts (cash, financial, full accrual, and comprehensive), which can be derived from four nested sets of assets and liabilities. Each debt and deficit measure says something about public finances, but none tells the whole story. Each is also vulnerable to manipulation, and is likely to be manipulated if it is subject to a binding fiscal rule or target. Narrow definitions of government encourage the shifting of spending to entities outside the defined perimeter of government. Narrow definitions of debt and deficit encourage operations involving off-balance-sheets assets and liabilities, while broad measures are susceptible to the mismeasurement of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities. Reviewing the literature on these issues, the paper concludes that governments should publish several measures of the debt and deficit in a form that clearly reveals their interrelationships.
Book Synopsis From Deficit Delusion to the Fiscal Balance Rule by : Laurence J. Kotlikoff
Download or read book From Deficit Delusion to the Fiscal Balance Rule written by Laurence J. Kotlikoff and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notwithstanding its widespread use as a measure of fiscal policy, the government deficit is not a well-defined concept from the perspective of neoclassical macro economics. From the neoclassical perspective the deficit is an arbitrary accounting construct whose value depends on how the government chooses to label its receipts and payments. This paper demonstrates the arbitrary nature of government deficits. The argument that the deficit is not well-defined is first framed in a simple certainty model with nondistortionary policies, and then in settings with uncertain policy, distortionary policy, and liquidity constraints. As an alternative to economically arbitrary deficits, the paper indicates that the "Fiscal Balance Rule" is one norm for measuring whether current policy will place a larger or smaller burden on future generations than it does on current generations. The Fiscal Balance Rule is based on the economy's intertemporal budget constraint and appears to underlie actual attempts to run tight fiscal policy. It says take in net present value from each new young generation an amount equal to the flow of government consumption less interest on the difference between a) the value of the economy's capital stock and b) the present value difference between the future consumption and future labor earnings of existing older generations. While the rule is a mouth-full, one can use existing data to check whether it is being obeyed and, therefore, whether future generations are likely to be treated better or worse than current generations
Book Synopsis Fiscal Deficits and Inflation by : Luis Catão
Download or read book Fiscal Deficits and Inflation written by Luis Catão and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence by : Mr.Daniel Leigh
Download or read book Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence written by Mr.Daniel Leigh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the short-term effects of fiscal consolidation on economic activity in OECD economies. We examine the historical record, including Budget Speeches and IMFdocuments, to identify changes in fiscal policy motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by responding to prospective economic conditions. Using this new dataset, our estimates suggest fiscal consolidation has contractionary effects on private domestic demand and GDP. By contrast, estimates based on conventional measures of the fiscal policy stance used in the literature support the expansionary fiscal contractions hypothesis but appear to be biased toward overstating expansionary effects.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management by : Mr.Jack Diamond
Download or read book Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management written by Mr.Jack Diamond and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.
Book Synopsis The Proper Measurement of Government Budget Deficits by : Willem H. Buiter
Download or read book The Proper Measurement of Government Budget Deficits written by Willem H. Buiter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper studies budgetary, financial and monetary policy evaluationand design using a comprehensive wealth or permanent income accounting framework. A set of stylized balance sheets and permanent income accountsis constructed for the public, private and overseas sectors. These are then contrasted with the conventionally measured balance sheet and flow of funds accounts. This permits a new look at the issues of "crowding out"and the "eventual monetization of fiscal deficits."The conventionally measured public sector financial surplus, evenwhen evaluated at constant prices or as a proportion of GNP, presents apotentially very misleading picture of the change in the real net worth of the public sector. One reason is that capital gains and losses on outstanding stocks of marketable financial assets and liabilities are not included in the flow of funds. This includes changes in the real valueof nominally denominated public sector debt due to inflation. A second reason is the omission of revaluations in non-marketable (and often merely implicit) assets and liabilities such as the future stream of tax receipts and the future stream of benefit payments. The paper then proposes some general rules for the design of stabilization policy-policies to facilitate expenditure smoothing by avoiding or minimizing the incidence of capital market imperfections. Both national governments and international agencies should designfiscal, financial and budgetary policies so as to induce an evolution of the conventionally measured balance sheet and flow of funds accounts that permits private agents and national economies, respectively, to approximate the behavior that would be adopted if comprehensive wealth or permanent income were the only binding constraint on economic behavior. This can beachieved by keeping disposable income in line with permanent income and by ensuring an adequate share of disposable financial wealth in total wealth
Book Synopsis Fiscal Impulses and Their Fiscal Impact by : Sheetal K. Chand
Download or read book Fiscal Impulses and Their Fiscal Impact written by Sheetal K. Chand and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-05 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal impulse measures are used in the WEO and elsewhere to indicate the changing impact of the budget on the economy. Such measures are intended to provide more accurate indications of whether the budget is becoming more or less expansionary than would just observing moments in the actual budget balance. However, they have been criticized for lacking an analytical rationale. This paper uses a simple framework to show that the fiscal impulse measure can be analytically derived. While this removes one source of criticism, the measure, nevertheless, should be used carefully when making inferences of fiscal impact.
