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How The Performance Of A Superconducting Magnet Is Affected By Theconnection Between A Small Cooler And The Magnet
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Book Synopsis How the Performance of a Superconducting Magnet is Affected by TheConnection Between a Small Cooler and the Magnet by :
Download or read book How the Performance of a Superconducting Magnet is Affected by TheConnection Between a Small Cooler and the Magnet written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As low temperature cryocoolers become more frequently used to cool superconducting magnets, it becomes increasingly apparent that the connection between the cooler and the magnet has an effect on the design and performance of the magnet. In general, the use of small coolers can be considered in two different temperature ranges; (1) from 3.8 to 4.8 K for magnet fabricated with LTS conductor and (2) from 18 to 35 K for magnets fabricated using HTS conductor. In general, both temperature ranges call for the use of a two-stage cooler. The best method for connecting a cooler to the magnet depends on a number of factors. The factors include: (1) whether the cooler must be used to cool down the magnet from room temperature, (2) whether the magnet must have one or more reservoirs of liquid cryogen to keep the magnet cold during a loss of cooling, and (3) constraints on the distance from the cooler cold heads and the magnet and its shield. Two methods for connecting low temperature coolers to superconducting magnets have been studied. The first method uses a cold strap to connect the cold heads directly to the loads. This method is commonly used for cryogen-free magnets. The second method uses a thermal siphon and liquid cryogens to make the connection between the load being cooled and the cold head. The two methods of transferring heat from the magnet to the cooler low temperature cold head are compared for the two temperature ranges given above.
Book Synopsis The Use of Small Coolers in a Magnetic Field by :
Download or read book The Use of Small Coolers in a Magnetic Field written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small 4 K coolers are used to cool superconducting magnets. These coolers are usually used with high temperature suerconductor (HTS)leads. In most cases, magnet is shielded with iron or active shieldcoils. Thus the field at the cooler is low. There are instances when thecooler must be in a magnetic field. Gifford McMahon (GM) coolers or pulsetube coolers are commercially available to cool the magnets. This paperwill discuss how the two types of coolers are affected by the straymagnetic field. Strategies for using coolers on magnets that generatestray magnetic fields are discussed.
Book Synopsis Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on the Performance of Superconducting Magnets by : Zoltan W. Sarafi
Download or read book Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on the Performance of Superconducting Magnets written by Zoltan W. Sarafi and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress Limitations on Superconducting Magnet Performance by :
Download or read book Stress Limitations on Superconducting Magnet Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultimate limits on the size and performance of superconducting magnets can be imposed by electromagnetic forces generated within the conductor. In the case of NbTi conductor, the superconducting properties begin to deteriorate as the working induction approaches B/sub c2/ before the stress levels become a significant fraction of the flow stress. This may not be the case for conductors based on the brittle A-15 compounds, where stress levels which cause degradation of superconducting properties could be achieved at inductions below B/sub c2/ for these materials. There are two stress effects which influence the superconducting properties of A-15 compounds. The compounds are intrinsically brittle, and fracture, with little or no observable plastic deformation, at tensile strain approximately 2 x 10−3. If this strain is exceeded, even though the composite conductor may exhibit no mechanical failure, the current path is interrupted, and J is drastically reduced. The second effect is that, when subjected to compressive stresses, the critical temperatures of most A-15 compounds are reduced. The limits placed upon magnet performance by these constraints of stress are explored. The predictions are not meant to be highly accurate, as performance will depend upon the details of magnet design, but indicative of what might be achieved with A-15 conductors. (TFD).
Book Synopsis Magnetic Conditioning in Superfluid by :
Download or read book Magnetic Conditioning in Superfluid written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in superconducting magnet technology have reduced to a handful the number of training quenches typical of dipole magnets. The number of training quenches in long (17 m) and short (1--2 m) SSC magnets are now about the same (operating at 6.6 tesla and 4.4 K). Yet the steps necessary to totally eliminate training are in the future RandD plans for magnet construction and conductor motion prevention. The accepted hypothesis is that Lorentz forces and poor mechanical properties of superconducting cables are the cause of conductor motion. Conductor motion reduces the stored energy in the cable by converting it into heat. The small amount of heat generated (millijoules) during motion is usually enough to quench the magnet when it is close to short sample. During training, the magnet performance normally improves with the number of quenches. It is not the quench itself that improves magnet performance but rather the fact that once conductor motion has occurred it will probably not repeat itself unless subjected to higher forces. Conditioning is a process that enables the magnet to reduce its stored energy without causing a premature quench. During the conditioning process the magnet is further cooled from its operating temperature of 4.4 K to 1.8 K by converting He I into He II. As a result the magnet is placed in a state where it has excess stability as well as excellent heat transfer capabilities. Although this does not eliminate motion, if the magnet is now cycled to (approximately)10% above its operating field at 4.4 K (which is above short sample) the excess stability should be enough to prevent quenching and reduce the probability of conductor motion and training once the magnet has been warmed back up to its operating temperature of 4.4 K. 3 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Cooling by : Oliver Gutfleisch
Download or read book Magnetic Cooling written by Oliver Gutfleisch and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new publication is the first up-to-date resource on this exciting research area. As one of the few green, energy efficient technologies, magnetic cooling is experiencing a surge in interest and this book brings together the latest research from physics, materials science, engineering and chemistry. In the process of being commercialized, large organisations are working on bringing a suitable product to market utilising this technology.
Book Synopsis Superconducting Magnets and Superconductivity by : Henry Tovar
Download or read book Superconducting Magnets and Superconductivity written by Henry Tovar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current areas of research in the field of superconductors and superconducting magnets. The ways in which these magnets produce stronger magnetic fields than ordinary iron-core electromagnets is explored. A review of the electronic structure of transition metal oxides and salts is also included in this book, specifically what concerns electron transfer, electron correlation, electron-nuclear coupling, and inter-metal interaction in cuprates. Combining a number of well-known theories of conventional superconductors, a general vortex theory for inhomogeneous superconductors is proposed. Ways to fabricate superconducting magnets in a faster, cheaper and more practical way is also presented.
Book Synopsis Improving the Design and Analysis of Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators by :
Download or read book Improving the Design and Analysis of Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High energy particle accelerators are now the primary means of discovering the basic building blocks of matter and understanding the forces between them. In order to minimize the cost of building these machines, superconducting magnets are used in essentially all present day high energy proton and heavy ion colliders. The cost of superconducting magnets is typically in the range of 20--30% of the total cost of building such machines. The circulating particle beam goes through these magnets a large number of times (over hundreds of millions). The luminosity performance and life time of the beam in these machines depends significantly on the field quality in these magnets. Therefore, even a small error in the magnetic field shape may create a large cumulative effect in the beam trajectory to throw the particles of the magnet aperture. The superconducting accelerator magnets must, therefore, be designed and constructed so that these errors are small. In this thesis the research and development work will be described 3which has resulted in significant improvements in the field quality of the superconducting magnets for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The design and the field quality improvements in the prototype of the main collider dipole magnet for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) will also be presented. RHIC will accelerate and collide two counter rotating beams of heavy ions up to 100 GeV/u and protons up to 250 GeV. It is expected that RHIC will create a hot, dense quark-gluon plasma and the conditions which, according to the Big Bang theory, existed in the early universe.
Book Synopsis Performance of Conduction Cooled Splittable Superconducting Magnet Package for Linear Accelerators by :
Download or read book Performance of Conduction Cooled Splittable Superconducting Magnet Package for Linear Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Linear Superconducting Accelerators need a superconducting magnet package installed inside SCRF Cryomodules to focus and steer electron or proton beams. A superconducting magnet package was designed and built as a collaborative effort of FNAL and KEK. The magnet package includes one quadrupole, and two dipole windings. It has a splittable in the vertical plane configuration, and features for conduction cooling. The magnet was successfully tested at room temperature, in a liquid He bath, and in a conduction cooling experiment. The paper describes the design and test results including: magnet cooling, training, and magnetic measurements by rotational coils. The effects of superconductor and iron yoke magnetization, hysteresis, and fringe fields are discussed.
Book Synopsis Failure Analysis of High Temperature Superconducting Magnets by : Jonathan Cooper
Download or read book Failure Analysis of High Temperature Superconducting Magnets written by Jonathan Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for higher field magnets for industry and research has led magnet designers to design and build a new generation of magnets featuring promising high temperature superconductors. However, with these higher fields comes with higher stress on the magnet. Too much stress on the superconducting filaments will cause irreversible plastic deformation within the magnet resulting in performance drops. It is important to understand the origin of these defects within the magnets to build more stronger and more reliable high field magnets. In this postmortem of a high temperature superconducting magnets metallographic methods are explored to dissect the magnet without introducing further damage. Proceeding the dissection, begins optical microscopy and individual testing of the superconducting wires. The images generated form the microscopy is used to find visual evidence of plastic deformation in the magnet that is used to justify a reasonable explanation as to why the high temperature superconducting magnet suffered the decline in performance. The findings are documented and used to determine a way to effectively manage the stress to prevent future failures of the same kind.
Book Synopsis Effect of Parasitic Refrigeration on the Efficiency of Magnetic Liquefiers by :
Download or read book Effect of Parasitic Refrigeration on the Efficiency of Magnetic Liquefiers written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our studies have shown that magnetic refrigerators have the potential to liquefy cryogens very efficiently. High efficiency is especially important for liquid hydrogen and natural gas applications where the liquefaction costs are a significant fraction of the total liquid cost. One of the characteristics of magnetic refrigerators is the requirement for a high-field superconducting magnet. Providing a 4.2-K bath for this magnet will require a small amount of parasitic refrigeration at 4.2 K even though the rest of the liquefier may be at 110 K (liquid natural gas) or higher. For several different refrigeration power levels at 4.2 K, we have calculated the efficiency of the magnetic liquefier as a function of power, temperature and the 4.2-K refrigerator efficiency. The results show that if the ratio of the thermal load at 4.2 K to the main refrigerator power is 0.001 or less, the effect on the efficiency of the liquefier is negligible at all temperatures below room temperature provided the 4.2-K refrigerator efficiency is high.
Book Synopsis Lengthwise Field Variation in CBA Magnets by :
Download or read book Lengthwise Field Variation in CBA Magnets written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multipole content of the magnetic field in accelerator superconducting magnets built with a cos theta current distribution inside an iron yoke is determined by the placement of the individual current-carrying turns in the coil, by the location of the coil inside the iron yoke and by the amount of iron saturation at high field. Differences in these parameters cause the multipole content to vary from magnet to magnet leading to possible undesirable effects on beam behavior. Experience has shown that conductor placement errors, due to unavoidable size and placement differences in the conductor and current blocks, are the dominant cause of the observed variation in the multipole content of supposedly identical magnets. These variations were studied in existing magnets in order to see how similar variations might affect the performance of the SSC.
Book Synopsis Construction and Testing of an AC Superconducting Magnet for a Magnetic Refrigerator by : Woodrow Woohyun Chin
Download or read book Construction and Testing of an AC Superconducting Magnet for a Magnetic Refrigerator written by Woodrow Woohyun Chin and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Two Phase Cooling for Superconducting Magnets by :
Download or read book Two Phase Cooling for Superconducting Magnets written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comments on the use of two phase helium in a closed circuit tubular cooling system and some results obtained with the TPC superconducting magnet are given. Theoretical arguments and experimental evidence are given against a previously suggested method to determine helium two phase flow regimes. Two methods to reduce pressure in the magnet cooling tubes during quenches are discussed; (1) lowering the density of helium in the magnet cooling tubes and (2) proper location of pressure relief valves. Some techniques used to protect the refrigerator from too much cold return gas are also mentioned. 10 refs., 1 fig., 5 tabs.
Book Synopsis Consequences of Shorted Turns in a Superconducting Magnet by :
Download or read book Consequences of Shorted Turns in a Superconducting Magnet written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The computer code SHORTURN performs a coupled thermal and magnetic analysis of a superconducting magnet with a shorted turn or turns. The analysis is briefly described and applied to the case of multiple shorted turns. Analyses are taken from cases in the Large Coil Program, and cover both high and low resistance shorts and discharging magnets. (LEW).
Book Synopsis Electrical & Electronics Abstracts by :
Download or read book Electrical & Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Single-band Cold Mass Support System for the MICE Superconducting Coupling Magnet by :
Download or read book A Single-band Cold Mass Support System for the MICE Superconducting Coupling Magnet written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cooling channel of the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) consists of eighteen superconducting solenoid coils, which are magnetically hooked together and contained in seven modules. The operations of a pair of MICE superconducting coupling magnets are affected directly by the other solenoid coils in the MICE channel. In order to meet the stringent requirement for the magnet center and axis azimuthal angle at 4.2 K, a self-centered tension-band cold mass support system with intermediate thermal interruption was applied for the MICE superconducting coupling magnet. The physical center of the magnet does not change as it is cooled down from 300 K to 4.2 K using this support system. This paper analyzed and calculated force loads on the coupling magnet under various operation modes of the MICE cooling channel. The performance parameters of a single-band cold mass support system were calculated also.
