How Humans Judge Machines

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026236252X
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis How Humans Judge Machines by : Cesar A. Hidalgo

Download or read book How Humans Judge Machines written by Cesar A. Hidalgo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How people judge humans and machines differently, in scenarios involving natural disasters, labor displacement, policing, privacy, algorithmic bias, and more. How would you feel about losing your job to a machine? How about a tsunami alert system that fails? Would you react differently to acts of discrimination depending on whether they were carried out by a machine or by a human? What about public surveillance? How Humans Judge Machines compares people's reactions to actions performed by humans and machines. Using data collected in dozens of experiments, this book reveals the biases that permeate human-machine interactions. Are there conditions in which we judge machines unfairly? Is our judgment of machines affected by the moral dimensions of a scenario? Is our judgment of machine correlated with demographic factors such as education or gender? César Hidalgo and colleagues use hard science to take on these pressing technological questions. Using randomized experiments, they create revealing counterfactuals and build statistical models to explain how people judge artificial intelligence and whether they do it fairly. Through original research, How Humans Judge Machines bring us one step closer tounderstanding the ethical consequences of AI.

When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, And Executioner: Justice In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811232741
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, And Executioner: Justice In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence by : Katherine B Forrest

Download or read book When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, And Executioner: Justice In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence written by Katherine B Forrest and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Is it fair for a judge to increase a defendant's prison time on the basis of an algorithmic score that predicts the likelihood that he will commit future crimes? Many states now say yes, even when the algorithms they use for this purpose have a high error rate, a secret design, and a demonstratable racial bias. The former federal judge Katherine Forrest, in her short but incisive When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, and Executioner, says this is both unfair and irrational ...' See full reviewJed S RakoffUnited States District Judge for the Southern District of New YorkNew York Review of Books This book explores justice in the age of artificial intelligence. It argues that current AI tools used in connection with liberty decisions are based on utilitarian frameworks of justice and inconsistent with individual fairness reflected in the US Constitution and Declaration of Independence. It uses AI risk assessment tools and lethal autonomous weapons as examples of how AI influences liberty decisions. The algorithmic design of AI risk assessment tools can and does embed human biases. Designers and users of these AI tools have allowed some degree of compromise to exist between accuracy and individual fairness.Written by a former federal judge who lectures widely and frequently on AI and the justice system, this book is the first comprehensive presentation of the theoretical framework of AI tools in the criminal justice system and lethal autonomous weapons utilized in decision-making. The book then provides a comprehensive explanation as to why, tracing the evolution of the debate regarding racial and other biases embedded in such tools. No other book delves as comprehensively into the theory and practice of AI risk assessment tools.

Humans Are Underrated

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0698153650
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (981 download)

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Book Synopsis Humans Are Underrated by : Geoff Colvin

Download or read book Humans Are Underrated written by Geoff Colvin and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technology races ahead, what will people do better than computers? What hope will there be for us when computers can drive cars better than humans, predict Supreme Court decisions better than legal experts, identify faces, scurry helpfully around offices and factories, even perform some surgeries, all faster, more reliably, and less expensively than people? It’s easy to imagine a nightmare scenario in which computers simply take over most of the tasks that people now get paid to do. While we’ll still need high-level decision makers and computer developers, those tasks won’t keep most working-age people employed or allow their living standard to rise. The unavoidable question—will millions of people lose out, unable to best the machine?—is increasingly dominating business, education, economics, and policy. The bestselling author of Talent Is Overrated explains how the skills the economy values are changing in historic ways. The abilities that will prove most essential to our success are no longer the technical, classroom-taught left-brain skills that economic advances have demanded from workers in the past. Instead, our greatest advantage lies in what we humans are most powerfully driven to do for and with one another, arising from our deepest, most essentially human abilities—empathy, creativity, social sensitivity, storytelling, humor, building relationships, and expressing ourselves with greater power than logic can ever achieve. This is how we create durable value that is not easily replicated by technology—because we’re hardwired to want it from humans. These high-value skills create tremendous competitive advantage—more devoted customers, stronger cultures, breakthrough ideas, and more effective teams. And while many of us regard these abilities as innate traits—“he’s a real people person,” “she’s naturally creative”—it turns out they can all be developed. They’re already being developed in a range of far-sighted organizations, such as: • the Cleveland Clinic, which emphasizes empathy training of doctors and all employees to improve patient outcomes and lower medical costs; • the U.S. Army, which has revolutionized its training to focus on human interaction, leading to stronger teams and greater success in real-world missions; • Stanford Business School, which has overhauled its curriculum to teach interpersonal skills through human-to-human experiences. As technology advances, we shouldn’t focus on beating computers at what they do—we’ll lose that contest. Instead, we must develop our most essential human abilities and teach our kids to value not just technology but also the richness of interpersonal experience. They will be the most valuable people in our world because of it. Colvin proves that to a far greater degree than most of us ever imagined, we already have what it takes to be great.

Machines Who Think

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040083102
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Machines Who Think by : Pamela McCorduck

Download or read book Machines Who Think written by Pamela McCorduck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-17 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a history of artificial intelligence, that audacious effort to duplicate in an artifact what we consider to be our most important property—our intelligence. It is an invitation for anybody with an interest in the future of the human race to participate in the inquiry.

Why Information Grows

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Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465039715
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Information Grows by : Cesar Hidalgo

Download or read book Why Information Grows written by Cesar Hidalgo and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hidalgo has made a bold attempt to synthesize a large body of cutting-edge work into a readable, slender volume. This is the future of growth theory." -- Financial Times What is economic growth? And why, historically, has it occurred in only a few places? Previous efforts to answer these questions have focused on institutions, geography, finances, and psychology. But according to MIT's antidisciplinarian Cér Hidalgo, understanding the nature of economic growth demands transcending the social sciences and including the natural sciences of information, networks, and complexity. To understand the growth of economies, Hidalgo argues, we first need to understand the growth of order. At first glance, the universe seems hostile to order. Thermodynamics dictates that over time, order-or information-disappears. Whispers vanish in the wind just like the beauty of swirling cigarette smoke collapses into disorderly clouds. But thermodynamics also has loopholes that promote the growth of information in pockets. Although cities are all pockets where information grows, they are not all the same. For every Silicon Valley, Tokyo, and Paris, there are dozens of places with economies that accomplish little more than pulling rocks out of the ground. So, why does the US economy outstrip Brazil's, and Brazil's that of Chad? Why did the technology corridor along Boston's Route 128 languish while Silicon Valley blossomed? In each case, the key is how people, firms, and the networks they form make use of information. Seen from Hidalgo's vantage, economies become distributed computers, made of networks of people, and the problem of economic development becomes the problem of making these computers more powerful. By uncovering the mechanisms that enable the growth of information in nature and society, Why Information Grows lays bear the origins of physical order and economic growth. Situated at the nexus of information theory, physics, sociology, and economics, this book propounds a new theory of how economies can do not just more things, but more interesting things.

Human Compatible

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin Books
ISBN 13 : 0525558616
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Compatible by : Stuart Jonathan Russell

Download or read book Human Compatible written by Stuart Jonathan Russell and published by Penguin Books. This book was released on 2019 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading artificial intelligence researcher lays out a new approach to AI that will enable people to coexist successfully with increasingly intelligent machines.

The Most Human Human

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Author :
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0307476707
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Most Human Human by : Brian Christian

Download or read book The Most Human Human written by Brian Christian and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A playful, profound book that is not only a testament to one man's efforts to be deemed more human than a computer, but also a rollicking exploration of what it means to be human in the first place. “Terrific. ... Art and science meet an engaged mind and the friction produces real fire.” —The New Yorker Each year, the AI community convenes to administer the famous (and famously controversial) Turing test, pitting sophisticated software programs against humans to determine if a computer can “think.” The machine that most often fools the judges wins the Most Human Computer Award. But there is also a prize, strange and intriguing, for the “Most Human Human.” Brian Christian—a young poet with degrees in computer science and philosophy—was chosen to participate in a recent competition. This

The Big Nine

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Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541773748
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis The Big Nine by : Amy Webb

Download or read book The Big Nine written by Amy Webb and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A call-to-arms about the broken nature of artificial intelligence, and the powerful corporations that are turning the human-machine relationship on its head. We like to think that we are in control of the future of "artificial" intelligence. The reality, though, is that we -- the everyday people whose data powers AI -- aren't actually in control of anything. When, for example, we speak with Alexa, we contribute that data to a system we can't see and have no input into -- one largely free from regulation or oversight. The big nine corporations -- Amazon, Google, Facebook, Tencent, Baidu, Alibaba, Microsoft, IBM and Apple--are the new gods of AI and are short-changing our futures to reap immediate financial gain. In this book, Amy Webb reveals the pervasive, invisible ways in which the foundations of AI -- the people working on the system, their motivations, the technology itself -- is broken. Within our lifetimes, AI will, by design, begin to behave unpredictably, thinking and acting in ways which defy human logic. The big nine corporations may be inadvertently building and enabling vast arrays of intelligent systems that don't share our motivations, desires, or hopes for the future of humanity. Much more than a passionate, human-centered call-to-arms, this book delivers a strategy for changing course, and provides a path for liberating us from algorithmic decision-makers and powerful corporations.

Noise

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Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 031645138X
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis Noise by : Daniel Kahneman

Download or read book Noise written by Daniel Kahneman and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones—"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.

The Sentient Machine

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501144677
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sentient Machine by : Amir Husain

Download or read book The Sentient Machine written by Amir Husain and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores universal questions about humanity's capacity for living and thriving in the coming age of sentient machines and AI, examining debates from opposing perspectives while discussing emerging intellectual diversity and its potential role in enabling a positive life.

God, Human, Animal, Machine

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Author :
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0525562710
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis God, Human, Animal, Machine by : Meghan O'Gieblyn

Download or read book God, Human, Animal, Machine written by Meghan O'Gieblyn and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A strikingly original exploration of what it might mean to be authentically human in the age of artificial intelligence, from the author of the critically-acclaimed Interior States. • "At times personal, at times philosophical, with a bracing mixture of openness and skepticism, it speaks thoughtfully and articulately to the most crucial issues awaiting our future." —Phillip Lopate “[A] truly fantastic book.”—Ezra Klein For most of human history the world was a magical and enchanted place ruled by forces beyond our understanding. The rise of science and Descartes's division of mind from world made materialism our ruling paradigm, in the process asking whether our own consciousness—i.e., souls—might be illusions. Now the inexorable rise of technology, with artificial intelligences that surpass our comprehension and control, and the spread of digital metaphors for self-understanding, the core questions of existence—identity, knowledge, the very nature and purpose of life itself—urgently require rethinking. Meghan O'Gieblyn tackles this challenge with philosophical rigor, intellectual reach, essayistic verve, refreshing originality, and an ironic sense of contradiction. She draws deeply and sometimes humorously from her own personal experience as a formerly religious believer still haunted by questions of faith, and she serves as the best possible guide to navigating the territory we are all entering.

The Atlas of Economic Complexity

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262317737
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atlas of Economic Complexity by : Ricardo Hausmann

Download or read book The Atlas of Economic Complexity written by Ricardo Hausmann and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maps capture data expressing the economic complexity of countries from Albania to Zimbabwe, offering current economic measures and as well as a guide to achieving prosperity Why do some countries grow and others do not? The authors of The Atlas of Economic Complexity offer readers an explanation based on "Economic Complexity," a measure of a society's productive knowledge. Prosperous societies are those that have the knowledge to make a larger variety of more complex products. The Atlas of Economic Complexity attempts to measure the amount of productive knowledge countries hold and how they can move to accumulate more of it by making more complex products. Through the graphical representation of the "Product Space," the authors are able to identify each country's "adjacent possible," or potential new products, making it easier to find paths to economic diversification and growth. In addition, they argue that a country's economic complexity and its position in the product space are better predictors of economic growth than many other well-known development indicators, including measures of competitiveness, governance, finance, and schooling. Using innovative visualizations, the book locates each country in the product space, provides complexity and growth potential rankings for 128 countries, and offers individual country pages with detailed information about a country's current capabilities and its diversification options. The maps and visualizations included in the Atlas can be used to find more viable paths to greater productive knowledge and prosperity.

Machines as the Measure of Men

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Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801497605
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Machines as the Measure of Men by : Michael Adas

Download or read book Machines as the Measure of Men written by Michael Adas and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of what has become a standard account of Western expansion and technological dominance includes a new preface by the author that discusses how subsequent developments in gender and race studies, as well as global technology and politics, enter into conversation with his original arguments.

Birth of Intelligence

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0190908327
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Birth of Intelligence by : Daeyeol Lee

Download or read book Birth of Intelligence written by Daeyeol Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As man-made machines become more powerful and smarter, will their intelligence eventually exceed our own? To accurately predict how the relationship between human and artificial intelligence will change in the future, it is essential to understand the origin and limits of human intelligence. In Birth of Intelligence, distinguished neuroscientist Daeyeol Lee tackles these pressing fundamental issues. Lee reveals how intelligence is the ability of a biological agent to solve complex decision-making problems in diverse and unpredictable environments. Furthermore, understanding how intelligent behavior emerges from interaction among multiple learning systems will provide valuable insights into the ultimate nature of human intelligence.

The Age of Intelligent Machines

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262610797
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Intelligent Machines by : Ray Kurzweil

Download or read book The Age of Intelligent Machines written by Ray Kurzweil and published by Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparing the human brain with so-called artificial intelligence, the author probes past, present, and future attempts to create machine intelligence

How Humans Judge Machines

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045524
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis How Humans Judge Machines by : Cesar A. Hidalgo

Download or read book How Humans Judge Machines written by Cesar A. Hidalgo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How people judge humans and machines differently, in scenarios involving natural disasters, labor displacement, policing, privacy, algorithmic bias, and more. How would you feel about losing your job to a machine? How about a tsunami alert system that fails? Would you react differently to acts of discrimination depending on whether they were carried out by a machine or by a human? What about public surveillance? How Humans Judge Machines compares people's reactions to actions performed by humans and machines. Using data collected in dozens of experiments, this book reveals the biases that permeate human-machine interactions. Are there conditions in which we judge machines unfairly? Is our judgment of machines affected by the moral dimensions of a scenario? Is our judgment of machine correlated with demographic factors such as education or gender? César Hidalgo and colleagues use hard science to take on these pressing technological questions. Using randomized experiments, they create revealing counterfactuals and build statistical models to explain how people judge artificial intelligence and whether they do it fairly. Through original research, How Humans Judge Machines bring us one step closer tounderstanding the ethical consequences of AI.

The Age of Spiritual Machines

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101077883
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Spiritual Machines by : Ray Kurzweil

Download or read book The Age of Spiritual Machines written by Ray Kurzweil and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • Bold futurist Ray Kurzweil, author of The Singularity Is Near, offers a framework for envisioning the future of machine intelligence—“a book for anyone who wonders where human technology is going next” (The New York Times Book Review). “Kurzweil offers a thought-provoking analysis of human and artificial intelligence and a unique look at a future in which the capabilities of the computer and the species that invented it grow ever closer.”—BILL GATES Imagine a world where the difference between man and machine blurs, where the line between humanity and technology fades, and where the soul and the silicon chip unite. This is not science fiction. This is the twenty-first century according to Ray Kurzweil, the “restless genius” (The Wall Street Journal), “ultimate thinking machine” (Forbes), and inventor of the most innovative and compelling technology of our era. In his inspired hands, life in the new millennium no longer seems daunting. Instead, it promises to be an age in which the marriage of human sensitivity and artificial intelligence fundamentally alters and improves the way we live. More than just a list of predictions, Kurzweil’s prophetic blueprint for the future guides us through the inexorable advances that will result in: • Computers exceeding the memory capacity and computational ability of the human brain (with human-level capabilities not far behind) • Relationships with automated personalities who will be our teachers, companions, and lovers • Information fed straight into our brains along direct neural pathways Eventually, the distinction between humans and computers will have become sufficiently blurred that when the machines claim to be conscious, we will believe them.