Household Level

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Subnational public expenditures, short-term household-level welfare, and economic resilience: Evidence from Nigeria

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Subnational public expenditures, short-term household-level welfare, and economic resilience: Evidence from Nigeria by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Subnational public expenditures, short-term household-level welfare, and economic resilience: Evidence from Nigeria written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public expenditures (PE) are critical for key public sector functions that contribute to development and welfare improvements, including the provisions of necessary public goods and the mitigation of market failures. PE in social sectors, such as health, education, and social welfare, and in agriculture have been increasingly recognized as potentially important for income growth, poverty reduction, fostering increased private investment, improved nutritional outcomes, and greater economic resilience. Furthermore, the importance of the impact of subnational PE on these outcomes has also been recognized, as appropriately decentralized PE systems can potentially achieve greater effectiveness by enabling public sector support that is tailored more to local needs. However, direct evidence of these developmental effects of decentralized PE in developing countries like Nigeria has been relatively limited. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by estimating the effects of shares of total subnational PE for agriculture, health, education, and social welfare, as well as PE size, on household-level outcomes using nationally-representative panel household data and both local government area and higher state-level PE data for Nigeria. We find that greater shares of total PE for agriculture, health, and social welfare, conditional on PE size, generally have positive effects on consumption, poverty reduction, and non-farm business capital investments. A greater share of total PE for agriculture benefits a broader range of outcomes than do greater shares of total PE for health and social welfare. These include improving certain nutritional outcomes, like household dietary diversity across seasons, and economic flexibility between farm and non-farm activities, which may be particularly important for building resilience in today’s rapidly changing socioeconomic environment due to shocks, including COVID19. Such multi-dimensional benefits of greater PE for agriculture are particularly worthy of attention in countries like Nigeria, which have historically allocated a lower share of total PE to agriculture than to health and other social welfare sectors and a lower share of total PE to agriculture compared to that allocated to agriculture in similar countries in Africa and elsewhere.

Public expenditures on agriculture at subnational-levels and household-level agricultural outcomes in Nigeria

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Public expenditures on agriculture at subnational-levels and household-level agricultural outcomes in Nigeria by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Public expenditures on agriculture at subnational-levels and household-level agricultural outcomes in Nigeria written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing agriculture remains important for countries like Nigeria where, despite economic transformation at sectoral levels, a significant share of employment still originates from the agricultural sector. The question has continued to be debated of whether increasing Public Expenditures on Agriculture (PEA) is the way to grow agriculture. The needed evidence-base for this debate, while gradually growing, has remained insufficient in African countries, including Nigeria. This has been particularly the case as regards to evidence on the effects of PEA at household levels. This study attempted to partially fill this gap, using state and local government area (LGA)-level PEA figures and household data in Nigeria. The findings suggest that PEA has positive effects on household-level agricultural outcomes in various dimensions, including overall production levels, profits, access to public extension services or subsidized fertilizer, as well as private investments and, in some cases, agricultural mechanization. These patterns generally underscore the hypothesis that increasing direct support to the agricultural sector is likely to have greater effects on agricultural outcomes, compared to alternative strategies of developing agriculture indirectly through the support of other social-sectors like education, health, social safety-nets, among others. Increasing PEA by increasing the agricultural share of public expenditures (PE), while keeping the overall size of PE constant, is found to be particularly effective, compared to alternative approaches of increasing the overall size of PE while keeping agricultural share unchanged. Such patterns may suggest that Ricardian Equivalence partly holds. Furthermore, different agricultural outcomes are found to respond to PEA from different sources (e.g., LGA or State), and types (e.g., recurrent or capital spending). Enhancing research capacity to identify appropriate sources and types of PEA for particular agricultural outcomes remains important.

WHO Housing and Health Guidelines

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241550376
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis WHO Housing and Health Guidelines by :

Download or read book WHO Housing and Health Guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved housing conditions can save lives, prevent disease, increase quality of life, reduce poverty, and help mitigate climate change. Housing is becoming increasingly important to health in light of urban growth, ageing populations and climate change. The WHO Housing and health guidelines bring together the most recent evidence to provide practical recommendations to reduce the health burden due to unsafe and substandard housing. Based on newly commissioned systematic reviews, the guidelines provide recommendations relevant to inadequate living space (crowding), low and high indoor temperatures, injury hazards in the home, and accessibility of housing for people with functional impairments. In addition, the guidelines identify and summarize existing WHO guidelines and recommendations related to housing, with respect to water quality, air quality, neighbourhood noise, asbestos, lead, tobacco smoke and radon. The guidelines take a comprehensive, intersectoral perspective on the issue of housing and health and highlight co-benefits of interventions addressing several risk factors at the same time. The WHO Housing and health guidelines aim at informing housing policies and regulations at the national, regional and local level and are further relevant in the daily activities of implementing actors who are directly involved in the construction, maintenance and demolition of housing in ways that influence human health and safety. The guidelines therefore emphasize the importance of collaboration between the health and other sectors and joint efforts across all government levels to promote healthy housing. The guidelines' implementation at country-level will in particular contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals on health (SDG 3) and sustainable cities (SDG 11). WHO will support Member States in adapting the guidelines to national contexts and priorities to ensure safe and healthy housing for all.

Global Challenges and Strategic Disruptors in Asian Businesses and Economies

Author : Ordóñez de Pablos, Patricia
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799847888
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Challenges and Strategic Disruptors in Asian Businesses and Economies by : Ordóñez de Pablos, Patricia

Download or read book Global Challenges and Strategic Disruptors in Asian Businesses and Economies written by Ordóñez de Pablos, Patricia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic disruptors in companies and economies, including blockchain technology, big data, and artificial intelligence, can contribute to the creation of new business opportunities, jobs, and growth. Research is needed on the impacts of these disruptors in Asia, as well as analyses on new business ecosystems and policy implications. Global Challenges and Strategic Disruptors in Asian Businesses and Economies presents a rich collection of chapters that explore and discuss the state of the art, emerging topics, challenges, and success factors in business, big data, innovation, and technology in Asia. The book explores how the internet of things, big data, and artificial intelligence can provide solutions for global challenges and companies. Including topics on digital economy, strategic management, and information technologies, this book is ideal for managing directors, general managers, corporate heads of firms, politicians, executives, entrepreneurs, academicians, decision makers, policymakers, researchers, and students looking to enhance their understanding and collaboration in business, disruptive innovation, and technology in Asia.

National Household Education Survey of 1996

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis National Household Education Survey of 1996 by :

Download or read book National Household Education Survey of 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 906 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings by :

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Implications of Technological Change for Household Level and Rural Development

Author : June C. Nash
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Implications of Technological Change for Household Level and Rural Development by : June C. Nash

Download or read book Implications of Technological Change for Household Level and Rural Development written by June C. Nash and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the contribution women make in production is not taken into account by development agencies, the introduction of technological change and large-scale projects may result in the destruction of the domestic economy and the impoverishment of families. Increasing rates of infant mortality are evidence of the polarization of wealth and the limited access to the means of production women and children in developing countries are permitted with the penetration of capitalism. As the ultimate unit of production in resisting the encroachment of capitalism, the domestic unit has subsidized the costs of capitalist production. Theories of the domestic mode of production are discussed in relation to development planning. Models focusing only on economic factors are seen as too limited to assess the outcome of development planning because of the cultural imperatives motivating behavior. Nine cases of development grouped according to type of innovation, e.g., the adoption of cash crops and mechanization; large-scale development projects such as dams, craft, and industrial production; and forced migration, are discussed in relation to the following variables: (1) changes in the composition of the household, (2) changes in the division of labor within the household, and (3) migration of members of the family. The author concludes the article with a series of propositions about the relationship between these variables and the success of the projects measured in terms of their contribution to human welfare.

Using household consumption and expenditure surveys to make inferences about food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutrition status

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Author : Fiedler, John L.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Using household consumption and expenditure surveys to make inferences about food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutrition status by : Fiedler, John L.

Download or read book Using household consumption and expenditure surveys to make inferences about food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutrition status written by Fiedler, John L. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) are multipurpose surveys that are routinely conducted to collect data on household food consumption and availability in more than 120 countries. HCES are increasingly being used to calculate proxy estimates of food consumption, nutrient intakes, and nutrition status, often at the individual level. Rarely, however, do they collect information on meal participation, despite growing evidence that it is an increasingly important and variable component of the quantity of food consumed or available in a household. This paper explores the significance of adjusting for meal participation in making inferences about apparent food consumption and nutrient intakes. It focuses on two distinct sets of additional information requirements for enhancing the reliability and precision of measures of food consumption: (1) individual household members’ and household guests’ meal-eating behaviors, and (2) the number and apparent nutritional significance of meals. While the most comprehensive and precise accounting of intakes of individual food consumption and nutrients requires both types of information, the magnitude of the changes required in HCES questionnaires to capture them is likely to be prohibitive. Consequently, for many HCES, a “second best” approach may be the most effective method, at least in the short term. The paper empirically explores some of the relatively few HCES that currently attempt to capture some of these information requirements. In addition, it assesses their value-added to prioritize the global agenda for strengthening HCES measurement of food consumption in support of more evidence-based nutrition policy making.

Household Portfolios

Author : Luigi Guiso
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262072212
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (722 download)

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Book Synopsis Household Portfolios by : Luigi Guiso

Download or read book Household Portfolios written by Luigi Guiso and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and empirical analysis of the structure of household portfolios.

Market Segmentation

Author : Michel Wedel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792386353
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Market Segmentation by : Michel Wedel

Download or read book Market Segmentation written by Michel Wedel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dividing customers into target groups has been a major part of marketing since the late 1950s, and Wedel (U. of Groningen, the Netherlands) and Wagner (U. of Iowa) review the foundations of the concept, then hone in on the finite mixture methodologies that are being found increasingly successful. They do discuss cluster analysis, historically the best known technique for market segmentation, but argue that finite mixture techniques are better because they are model based and allow for segmentation in a framework in which customer behavior is described by an appropriate statistical model that includes a mixture component. They mention no date for the first edition. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Poverty, Inequality, and Policy in Latin America

Author : Stephan Klasen
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262113244
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty, Inequality, and Policy in Latin America by : Stephan Klasen

Download or read book Poverty, Inequality, and Policy in Latin America written by Stephan Klasen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a conference held at the Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research in Göttingen, Germany, in July 2005 and co-sponsored by the CESifo research network.

Property Rights in a Very Poor Country: Tenure Insecurity and Investment in Ethiopia

Author : Madhur Gautam
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Property Rights in a Very Poor Country: Tenure Insecurity and Investment in Ethiopia by : Madhur Gautam

Download or read book Property Rights in a Very Poor Country: Tenure Insecurity and Investment in Ethiopia written by Madhur Gautam and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper provides evidence from one of the poorest countries of the world that the property rights matter for efficiency, investment, and growth. With all land state-owned, the threat of land redistribution never appears far off the agenda. Land rental and leasing have been made legal, but transfer rights remain restricted and the perception of continuing tenure insecurity remains quite strong. Using a unique panel data set, this study investigates whether transfer rights and tenure insecurity affect household investment decisions, focusing on trees and shrubs. The panel data estimates suggest that limited perceived transfer rights, and the threat of expropriation, negatively affect long-term investment in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing to the low returns from land and perpetuating low growth and poverty.

The Role of Social Capital in Development

Author : Christiaan Grootaert
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139438026
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Social Capital in Development by : Christiaan Grootaert

Download or read book The Role of Social Capital in Development written by Christiaan Grootaert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously the role of social capital - defined as the institutions and networks of relationships between people, and the associated norms and values - in programs of poverty alleviation and development has risen to considerable prominence. Although development practitioners have long suspected that social capital does affect the efficiency and quality of most development processes, this book provides the rigorous empirical results needed to confirm that impression and translate it into effective and informed policymaking. It is based on a large volume of collected data, relying equally on quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to establish approaches for measuring social capital and its impact. The book documents the pervasive role of social capital in accelerating poverty alleviation and rural development, facilitating the provision of goods and services, and easing political transition and recovery from civil conflicts.

Strategies of Care

Author : Barbara Da Roit
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 13 : 9089642242
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategies of Care by : Barbara Da Roit

Download or read book Strategies of Care written by Barbara Da Roit and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analytic study surveys the transformations of elderly care policies and practices since the early 1990s, by comparing the trajectories of two extremely different care systems: Italy and the Netherlands.

Handbook of Income Distribution

Author : Anthony B. Atkinson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444594760
Total Pages : 2370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Income Distribution by : Anthony B. Atkinson

Download or read book Handbook of Income Distribution written by Anthony B. Atkinson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 2370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What new theories, evidence, explanations, and policies have shaped our studies of income distribution in the 21st century? Editors Tony Atkinson and Francois Bourguignon assemble the expertise of leading authorities in this survey of substantive issues. In two volumes they address subjects that were not covered in Volume 1 (2000), such as education, health and experimental economics; and subjects that were covered but where there have been substantial new developments, such as the historical study of income inequality and globalization. Some chapters discuss future growth areas, such as inheritance, the links between inequality and macro-economics and finance, and the distributional implications of climate change. They also update empirical advances and major changes in the policy environment. - The volumes define and organize key areas of income distribution studies - Contributors focus on identifying newly developing questions and opportunities for future research - The authoritative articles emphasize the ways that income mobility and inequality studies have recently gained greater political significance

Adaptive Collaborative Management in Forest Landscapes

Author : Carol J. Pierce Colfer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000483037
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptive Collaborative Management in Forest Landscapes by : Carol J. Pierce Colfer

Download or read book Adaptive Collaborative Management in Forest Landscapes written by Carol J. Pierce Colfer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-12 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the value of Adaptive Collaborative Management for facilitating learning and collaboration with local communities and beyond, utilising detailed studies of forest landscapes and communities. Many forest management proposals are based on top-down strategies, such as the Million Tree Initiatives, Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) and REDD+, often neglecting local communities. In the context of the climate crisis, it is imperative that local peoples and communities are an integral part of all decisions relating to resource management. Rather than being seen as beneficiaries or people to be safeguarded, they should be seen as full partners, and Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach which priorities the rights and roles of communities alongside the need to address the environmental crisis. The volume presents detailed case studies and real life examples from across the globe, promoting and prioritizing the voices of women and scholars and practitioners from the Global South who are often under-represented. Providing concrete examples of ways that a bottom-up approach can function to enhance development sustainably, via its practitioners and far beyond the locale in which they initially worked, this volume demonstrates the lasting utility of approaches like Adaptive Collaborative Management that emphasize local control, inclusiveness and local creativity in management. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest management, community development and natural resource management and development studies more broadly. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Microfinance Poverty Assessment Tool

Author : Carla Henry
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821356746
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfinance Poverty Assessment Tool by : Carla Henry

Download or read book Microfinance Poverty Assessment Tool written by Carla Henry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Microfinance Poverty Assessment Tool method was developed to increase transparency in the outreach performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in order to more effectively assess their impact on the lives of poor people. It provides accurate data on the poverty levels of MFI clients relative to people living in the same community, using a more standardised and rigorous set of indicators than those used by conventional microfinance targeting tools, and allow comparative measurement of poverty outreach within and across countries. Although this method was designed for microfinance, it can also be used to measure the poverty levels of clients of other development programmes.