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Hiv 1 Reverse Transcriptase
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Download or read book HIV-1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.
Book Synopsis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase by : Stuart LeGrice
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase written by Stuart LeGrice and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) arguably ranks amongst one of the most extensively studied retroviral enzymes. Heterologous expression and purification of HIV-1 RT in the early eighties, approval of the first nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NRTI) in 1987, discovery of resistance to RT inhibitors, approval of the first non-nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NNRTI) in 1996 and the various crystal structures of RT with and without bound substrate(s) and/or inhibitors represent only a few of the important milestones that describe the a bench-to-bedside success in the continuing effort to combat HIV-1 infection and its consequences. Nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors remain important components in frequently used drug regimens to treat the infection. RT inhibitors also play important roles in recently validated strategies to prevent transmission of the virus. The relevance of HIV-1 RT as a drug target has simultaneously triggered interest in basic research studies aimed at providing a more detailed understanding of interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecule ligands in general terms. In light of the ever-growing knowledge on structure and function of HIV-1 RT, this enzyme serves as a valuable “model system” in efforts to develop novel experimental tools and to explain biochemical processes. This monograph is designed to provide an overview of important aspects in past and current HIV-1 RT research, with focus on mechanistic aspects and translation of knowledge into drug discovery and development. The first section includes chapters with emphasis placed on the coordination of the RT-associated DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities. The second covers mechanisms of action and future perspectives associated with NRTIs and NNRTIs, while the third section includes chapters focusing on novel strategies to target the RT enzyme. Chapters of the final part are intended to discuss mechanisms involved in HIV variability and the development of drug resistance. We hope that these contributions will stimulate interest, and encourage research aimed at the development of novel RT inhibitors. The lack of bona fide RNase H inhibitors with potent antiviral activity provides an example for challenges and opportunities in the field.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of AIDS by : Thomas J. Hope
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV/AIDS Therapy by : Gail Skowron
Download or read book Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV/AIDS Therapy written by Gail Skowron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A magisterial survey of all aspects of the reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) used to treat HIV/AIDS, including drug discovery, pharmacology, development of drug resistance, toxicity, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. The authors synthesize our current understanding of the role of reverse transcriptase in the viral life cycle, describe the discovery and development of eight nucleoside and nucleotide analogs that represent milestones in treatment history, and thoroughly discuss the question of toxicity and resistance to this class of drugs. They also address three non-nucleoside RTIs and their pharmacokinetics and comparative clinical efficacy, new RTIs currently under development, and the impact of approved agents on treatment, in general, and on vertical transmission in the developing world.
Author :Katsuhiko S. Murakami Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642397964 Total Pages :342 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Nucleic Acid Polymerases by : Katsuhiko S. Murakami
Download or read book Nucleic Acid Polymerases written by Katsuhiko S. Murakami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of the multitude of nucleic acid polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases from Archea, Bacteria and Eukaryota, mitochondrial and viral polymerases, and other specialized polymerases such as telomerase, template-independent terminal nucleotidyl transferase and RNA self-replication ribozyme. Although many books cover several different types of polymerases, no book so far has attempted to catalog all nucleic acid polymerases. The goal of this book is to be the top reference work for postgraduate students, postdocs, and principle investigators who study polymerases of all varieties. In other words, this book is for polymerase fans by polymerase fans. Nucleic acid polymerases play a fundamental role in genome replication, maintenance, gene expression and regulation. Throughout evolution these enzymes have been pivotal in transforming life towards RNA self-replicating systems as well as into more stable DNA genomes. These enzymes are generally extremely efficient and accurate in RNA transcription and DNA replication and share common kinetic and structural features. How catalysis can be so amazingly fast without loss of specificity is a question that has intrigued researchers for over 60 years. Certain specialized polymerases that play a critical role in cellular metabolism are used for diverse biotechnological applications and are therefore an essential tool for research.
Book Synopsis Cellular Factors and the Regulation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription by : Kylie Warren
Download or read book Cellular Factors and the Regulation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription written by Kylie Warren and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse transcription is an essential step of HIV-1 replication during which the viral RNA/DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase (RT), facilitates the conversion of the positive strand viral genome to double stranded DNA. Following entry into the host cell, the HIV-1 core that contains the viral genomic RNA and viral enzymes reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN), re-organises to form the reverse transcription complex (RTC). The RTC requires RT and IN to be active and they are believed to recruit cellular factors to facilitate DNA synthesis. More than 50 host proteins have been implicated as important for HIV reverse transcription, however whether any of these proteins are components of the RTC or affect reverse transcription indirectly remains unclear. Previous research has demonstrated that the addition of mammalian cell lysates to HIV-1 particles enhances the efficiency reverse transcription in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that host cell factors are required. The research herein identifies the host protein(s) that contribute to the previously described reverse transcription stimulatory activity and investigates their association with the viral RTC during cell infection. The addition of mammalian cell lysates to partially purified HIV-1 virions in endogenous reverse transcription (ERT) assays has previously been shown to stimulate the production of late reverse transcription products in vitro. In Chapter 2, human T-cell lysates were purified by conventional chromatography and proteins that may contribute to the previously described reverse transcription stimulatory activity were identified by mass spectrometry. Twenty five host proteins were consistently detected in highly purified active fractions including eukaryotic translation factors eEF1A and eEF1G. The aforementioned host proteins are highly conserved and essential subunits of the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (eEF1) complex that recruits aminoacyl-tRNAs onto the ribosome during protein synthesis. In Chapter 3, eEF1A and eEF1G are demonstrated to be co-factors of in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcription as their immunodepletion ablated the ability of active lysate fractions to stimulate reverse transcription. Furthermore, down regulation of the cellular levels of eEF1G in target cells is shown to cause a significant decrease in efficiency of reverse transcription, suggesting that this protein and/or additional subunits of the eEF1 complex are important for HIV-1 reverse transcription during cell infection. Interactions between the eEF1 complex and HIV-1 RTC are investigated in Chapter 4. eEF1A and eEF1G are shown to interact with HIV-1 RT and IN following endogenous reverse transcription, as well as associate with purified RTCs and co-localise with RT during cell infection. These findings provide the first evidence that subunits of the eEF1 complex are components of the HIV-1 RTC and supports the hypothesis that one or more components of the eEF1 complex are required for efficient HIV-1 reverse transcription. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that subunits of the human eEF1 complex are required to stimulate the late stages of HIV-1 reverse transcription and directly associate with the viral RTC during infection. The identification of novel co-factors of reverse transcription provide new insights into HIV-1 replication and represents a new target for the development of anti-HIV therapy.
Book Synopsis Human Retroviruses by : Bryan Cullen
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Book Synopsis RNA Tumor Viruses: Supplements and appendixes by :
Download or read book RNA Tumor Viruses: Supplements and appendixes written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Retroviruses by : Elisa Vicenzi
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Elisa Vicenzi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Retroviruses: Methods and Protocols collects key experimental protocols that have provided the basis of the major discoveries of the field. Split into five sections, this detailed volume covers mapping of the HIV life cycle, isolation, co-receptor use, and cell tropism of HIV-1, in vivo quantification of HIV-1, biological aspects of HIV-1, as well as HTLVs. Some articles explore “assay and function of accessory genes”, largely involving the interface between retroviral and host factors, the extracellular role of Tat and Tax, resembling the function of cytokines, and the biotechnological exploitation of HIV as lentiviral vector to carry foreign genes with therapeutic value. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, Human Retroviruses: Methods and Protocols provides state-of-art methodological protocols from world leaders in human retrovirology, essential for any lab working this vital field.
Book Synopsis Purification and Characterization of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by : Anthony Braddock West
Download or read book Purification and Characterization of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase written by Anthony Braddock West and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Antimicrobial Resistance by : Matthias Gotte
Download or read book Handbook of Antimicrobial Resistance written by Matthias Gotte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many volumes have been written about various aspects of antimicrobial resistance, this book is a comprehensive reference work. All manifestations of resistance are addressed: viral; bacterial, parasitical and fungal are given dedicated sections. The underlining molecular mechanisms, which depend not only on the microbe but on the specific drug (target), are highly diverse. This work discusses and compares the biological, biochemical and structural aspects of resistance and its evolution.
Book Synopsis AIDS Testing by : Gerald Schochetman
Download or read book AIDS Testing written by Gerald Schochetman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the two years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continued. HIV was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to have at least 13 million individuals worldwide, with 1 million infected infected in the United States. HIV/AIDS in the United States has become the leading cause of death among men 25 to 44 years of age and the fifth leading cause of death among women of the same age group. Prevention of HIV infection remains a global challenge. Testing for HIV is the cornerstone for surveillance and prevention programs and for the provision of appropriate medical care for those who are infected. Such testing is equally essential to the search for effective antivirus drugs and vaccines. This second edition of AIDS Testing incorporates the most current thinking on test methodology and interpretation, some of which has changed considerably over the past two years. This edition also has been expanded to include a section consisting of six chapters on test applica tions and a section consisting of four chapters on management issues. This edition, like the first, describes in clear terms all the complex ele ments of testing, including applications, scientific principles, quality assurance, safety, and medical, ethical, and legal considerations.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs by : Ruben Vardanyan
Download or read book Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs written by Ruben Vardanyan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs is a key reference guide for all those involved with the design, development, and use of the best-selling drugs. Designed for ease of use, this book provides detailed information on the most popular drugs, using a practical layout arranged according to drug type. Each chapter reviews the main drugs in each of nearly 40 key therapeutic areas, also examining their classification, novel structural features, models of action, and synthesis. Of high interest to all those who work in the captivating areas of biologically active compounds and medicinal drug synthesis, in particular medicinal chemists, biochemists, and pharmacologists, the book aims to support current research efforts, while also encouraging future developments in this important field. Describes methods of synthesis, bioactivity and related drugs in key therapeutic areas Reviews the main drugs in each of nearly 40 key therapeutic areas, also examining their classification, novel structural features, models of action, and more Presents a practical layout designed for use as a quick reference tool by those working in drug design, development and implementation
Book Synopsis Structure-substrate Binding Relationships of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by : Steve Chien-Wen Huang
Download or read book Structure-substrate Binding Relationships of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase written by Steve Chien-Wen Huang and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by : Wenjing Tong
Download or read book HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase written by Wenjing Tong and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases by : Simon Litvak
Download or read book Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases written by Simon Litvak and published by Landes Bioscience. This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evolution of HIV by : Keith A. Crandall
Download or read book The Evolution of HIV written by Keith A. Crandall and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1999-04-26 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolinsky.-- "European Molecular Biology Organization Reports"
