History as a Science and the System of the Sciences

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319135872
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis History as a Science and the System of the Sciences by : Thomas M. Seebohm

Download or read book History as a Science and the System of the Sciences written by Thomas M. Seebohm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume goes beyond presently available phenomenological analyses based on the structures and constitution of the lifeworld. It shows how the science of history is the mediator between the human and the natural sciences. It demonstrates that the distinction between interpretation and explanation does not imply a strict separation of the natural and the human sciences. Finally, it shows that the natural sciences and technology are inseparable, but that technology is one-sidedly founded in pre-scientific encounters with reality in the lifeworld. In positivism the natural sciences are sciences because they offer causal explanations testable in experiments and the humanities are human sciences only if they use methods of the natural sciences. For epistemologists following Dilthey, the human sciences presuppose interpretation and the human and natural sciences must be separated. There is phenomenology interested in psychology and the social sciences that distinguish the natural and the human sciences, but little can be found about the historical human sciences. This volume fills the gap by presenting analyses of the material foundations of the "understanding" of expressions of other persons, and of primordial recollections and expectations founding explicit expectations and predictions in the lifeworld. Next, it shows, on the basis of history as applying philological methods in interpretations of sources, the role of a universal spatio-temporal framework for reconstructions and causal explanations of "what has really happened".

Dictionary of the History of Science

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400853419
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary of the History of Science by : William F. Bynum

Download or read book Dictionary of the History of Science written by William F. Bynum and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For readers interested in the development of major scientific concepts and the role of science in the western world, here is the first conceptually organized historical dictionary of scientific thought. The purpose of the dictionary is to illuminate this history by providing a concise, single volume reference book of short historical accounts of the important themes, ideas, and discoveries of science. Its conceptual approach differentiates the dictionary from previous reference works such as books of scientific biography and makes it a convenient manual both for the general reader and for scientists interested in the origin of concepts in their own and other scientific fields. Originally published in 1982. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Science Rules

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Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801879432
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (794 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Rules by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book Science Rules written by Peter Achinstein and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2004-09-24 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Included is a famous nineteenth-century debate about scientific reasoning between the hypothetico-deductivist William Whewell and the inductivist John Stuart Mill; and an account of the realism-antirealism dispute about unobservables in science, with a consideration of Perrin's argument for the existence of molecules in the early twentieth century.

From Science to Computational Sciences

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783037340936
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis From Science to Computational Sciences by : Gabriele Gramelsberger

Download or read book From Science to Computational Sciences written by Gabriele Gramelsberger and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation. In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones. The invention of the computer in the 1940s allowed scientists to realise numerical simulations of increasingly complex problems like weather forecasting, and climate and molecular modelling. Today, computers are widely used as computational laboratories, shifting science toward the computational sciences. By replacing analytical methods with numerical ones, they have expanded theory and experimentation by simulation. During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools."--Back cover.

The Invention of Science

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Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062199250
Total Pages : 1068 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of Science by : David Wootton

Download or read book The Invention of Science written by David Wootton and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Captures the excitement of the scientific revolution and makes a point of celebrating the advances it ushered in." —Financial Times A companion to such acclaimed works as The Age of Wonder, A Clockwork Universe, and Darwin’s Ghosts—a groundbreaking examination of the greatest event in history, the Scientific Revolution, and how it came to change the way we understand ourselves and our world. We live in a world transformed by scientific discovery. Yet today, science and its practitioners have come under political attack. In this fascinating history spanning continents and centuries, historian David Wootton offers a lively defense of science, revealing why the Scientific Revolution was truly the greatest event in our history. The Invention of Science goes back five hundred years in time to chronicle this crucial transformation, exploring the factors that led to its birth and the people who made it happen. Wootton argues that the Scientific Revolution was actually five separate yet concurrent events that developed independently, but came to intersect and create a new worldview. Here are the brilliant iconoclasts—Galileo, Copernicus, Brahe, Newton, and many more curious minds from across Europe—whose studies of the natural world challenged centuries of religious orthodoxy and ingrained superstition. From gunpowder technology, the discovery of the new world, movable type printing, perspective painting, and the telescope to the practice of conducting experiments, the laws of nature, and the concept of the fact, Wotton shows how these discoveries codified into a social construct and a system of knowledge. Ultimately, he makes clear the link between scientific discovery and the rise of industrialization—and the birth of the modern world we know.

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486165
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by : Thomas S. Kuhn

Download or read book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions written by Thomas S. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Companion to the History of Science

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118620747
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to the History of Science by : Bernard Lightman

Download or read book A Companion to the History of Science written by Bernard Lightman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the History of Science is a single volume companion that discusses the history of science as it is done today, providing a survey of the debates and issues that dominate current scholarly discussion, with contributions from leading international scholars. Provides a single-volume overview of current scholarship in the history of science edited by one of the leading figures in the field Features forty essays by leading international scholars providing an overview of the key debates and developments in the history of science Reflects the shift towards deeper historical contextualization within the field Helps communicate and integrate perspectives from the history of science with other areas of historical inquiry Includes discussion of non-Western themes which are integrated throughout the chapters Divided into four sections based on key analytic categories that reflect new approaches in the field

Science in History

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Publisher : Faber & Faber
ISBN 13 : 9780571275335
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (753 download)

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Book Synopsis Science in History by : J. D. Bernal

Download or read book Science in History written by J. D. Bernal and published by Faber & Faber. This book was released on 2011 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. D. Bernal's monumental work, Science in History, was the first full attempt to analyse the reciprocal relations of science and society throughout history, from the perfection of the flint hand-axe to the hydrogen bomb. In this remarkable study he illustrates the impetus given to (and the limitations placed upon) discovery and invention by pastoral, agricultural, feudal, capitalist, and socialist systems, and conversely the ways in which science has altered economic, social, and political beliefs and practices. The third volume of Science in History covers the twentieth century, with chapters on the physical sciences and the biological sciences, with their impact on agriculture and medicine. 'This stupendous work . . . is a magnificent synoptic view of the rise of science and its impact on society which leaves the reader awe-struck by Professor Bernal's encyclopedic knowledge and historical sweep.' Times Literary Supplement

A Framework for K-12 Science Education

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for K-12 Science Education by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for K-12 Science Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.

The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691096698
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (966 download)

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Book Synopsis The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences by : Wilhelm Dilthey

Download or read book The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences written by Wilhelm Dilthey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides Dilthey's most mature and best formulation of his Critique of Historical Reason. It begins with three "Studies Toward the Foundation of the Human Sciences," in which Dilthey refashions Husserlian concepts to describe the basic structures of consciousness relevant to historical understanding. The volume next presents the major 1910 work The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences. Here Dilthey considers the degree to which carriers of history--individuals, cultures, institutions, and communities--can be articulated as productive systems capable of generating value and meaning and of realizing purposes. Hegel's idea of objective spirit is reconceived in a more empirical form to designate the medium of commonality in which historical beings are immersed. Any universal claims about history need to be framed within the specific productive systems analyzed by the various human sciences. Dilthey's drafts for the Continuation of the Formation contain extensive discussions of the categories most important for our knowledge of historical life: meaning, value, purpose, time, and development. He also examines the contributions of autobiography to historical understanding and of biography to scientific history. The finest summary of Dilthey's views on hermeneutics can be found in "The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Manifestations of Life." Here, Dilthey differentiates understanding relative to three kinds of manifestations of life. After giving his analysis of elementary understanding, he examines the role of induction in higher understanding and interpretation, and the relevance of transposition and re-experiencing for grasping individuality.

How Knowledge Moves

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022660599X
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis How Knowledge Moves by : John Krige

Download or read book How Knowledge Moves written by John Krige and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge matters, and states have a stake in managing its movement to protect a variety of local and national interests. The view that knowledge circulates by itself in a flat world, unimpeded by national boundaries, is a myth. The transnational movement of knowledge is a social accomplishment, requiring negotiation, accommodation, and adaptation to the specificities of local contexts. This volume of essays by historians of science and technology breaks the national framework in which histories are often written. Instead, How Knowledge Moves takes knowledge as its central object, with the goal of unraveling the relationships among people, ideas, and things that arise when they cross national borders. This specialized knowledge is located at multiple sites and moves across borders via a dazzling array of channels, embedded in heads and hands, in artifacts, and in texts. In the United States, it shapes policies for visas, export controls, and nuclear weapons proliferation; in Algeria, it enhances the production of oranges by colonial settlers; in Vietnam, it facilitates the exploitation of a river delta. In India it transforms modes of agricultural production. It implants American values in Latin America. By concentrating on the conditions that allow for knowledge movement, these essays explore travel and exchange in face-to-face encounters and show how border-crossings mobilize extensive bureaucratic technologies.

The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 6, The Modern Biological and Earth Sciences

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521572010
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 6, The Modern Biological and Earth Sciences by : David C. Lindberg

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 6, The Modern Biological and Earth Sciences written by David C. Lindberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative guide to developments in life and earth sciences since 1800.

How Students Learn

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089506
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis How Students Learn by : National Research Council

Download or read book How Students Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-28 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Students Learn: Science in the Classroom builds on the discoveries detailed in the best-selling How People Learn. Now these findings are presented in a way that teachers can use immediately, to revitalize their work in the classroom for even greater effectiveness. Organized for utility, the book explores how the principles of learning can be applied in science at three levels: elementary, middle, and high school. Leading educators explain in detail how they developed successful curricula and teaching approaches, presenting strategies that serve as models for curriculum development and classroom instruction. Their recounting of personal teaching experiences lends strength and warmth to this volume. This book discusses how to build straightforward science experiments into true understanding of scientific principles. It also features illustrated suggestions for classroom activities.

The Science Class You Wish You Had (Revised Edition)

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101624981
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science Class You Wish You Had (Revised Edition) by : David Eliot Brody

Download or read book The Science Class You Wish You Had (Revised Edition) written by David Eliot Brody and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does E=mc2 really mean? What is DNA? What was the big bang? These scientific concepts have changed our perception of the world…but for many of us they remain mysteries, bits and pieces of information retained from classroom lectures but never truly understood. Now we can finally grasp the grandeur and complexity of these ideas, and their significance in our lives. Revised and updated to include the latest discoveries that are changing the way we view the world and the universe, this new edition of The Science Class You Wish You Had will take you on a journey through space and time—from the subatomic to the universal. It explains in a lively, accessible way what these milestones of scientific discovery mean and what direct impact they have on our lives today and will have in the future. For everyone interested in science, history, and biographies of extraordinary people—or anyone who wants to understand the workings of the physical world—this thorough and authoritative book is a perfect introduction to science’s most profound discoveries, and a testament to the triumph of human knowledge. Newton: Gravity and the Basic Laws of Physics Rutherford and Bohr: The Structure of the Atom Einstein: The Principle of Relativity Hubble: The Big Bang and the Formation of the Universe Darwin: Evolution and the Principle of Natural Selection Flemming and Mendel: The Cell and Genetics Watson and Crick: The Structure of the DNA Molecule

Landmarks in the History of Science

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Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1622739787
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Landmarks in the History of Science by : Basil Evangelidis

Download or read book Landmarks in the History of Science written by Basil Evangelidis and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Landmarks in the History of Science' is a concise history of science from a global and macro-historical standpoint. It is an account of grand theoretical revolutions, such as heliocentrism, atomism, and relativity. But, more importantly, it is also a story of the methodological transitions to the experimental, mathematical, constructivist and instrumental practices of science. It begins with Ancient Greek science, as one of the first self-conscious, comprehensive and well-documented scientific endeavors at the global level. The numerous contributions of the Greeks, in philosophy, mathematics, geometry, geography and astronomy, momentous as they were, were fruits of leisure rather than industry. It then examines the history of science in China and China’s exchanges with India and Islam. A systematic and collaborative scientific effort is the hallmark of Chinese science. The contributions of the Chinese in medicine, printing, manufacturing and navigation invariably predate and outshine those of western contemporaries. Attention then shifts to the age of oceanic discoveries, which created the inexorable presuppositions for the genesis of global trade and a world system. From the inner organs of the organisms to the outer regions of Earth, Renaissance science was ubiquitous. The importance of inter-cultural scientific syncretism is highlighted, with the Iberian Peninsula as meeting point and crossroad of mutual affection between Arab, Jewish and European culture. Discoveries and inventions in metallurgy, electromagnetism and the science of petroleum set the scientific basis for the industrial revolution. The logic of the industrial revolution dictates developments in information technologies that culminate with the invention of modern computers. A dedicated chapter on the history of modern scientific conceptions of the universe showcases the subtle links in the fabric of seminal ideas in physics and astronomy. The book concludes with some reflections on the relationship between philosophy and the history of science. Following Kuhn and Latour, this discussion centers on the characteristics of continuities, ruptures and paradigmatic transitions in science.

History of the Inductive Sciences

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1048 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis History of the Inductive Sciences by : William Whewell

Download or read book History of the Inductive Sciences written by William Whewell and published by . This book was released on 1837 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: