High Power Operation Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

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High-power Operation of Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors

Author : Aaron Buikema
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis High-power Operation of Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors by : Aaron Buikema

Download or read book High-power Operation of Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors written by Aaron Buikema and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the conclusion of the first two observing runs of the Advanced LIGO detectors, which saw the first direct detection of gravitational waves, we are firmly in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. To reach the highest sensitivities, current interferometric gravitational-wave detectors are designed for hundreds of kilowatts of circulating optical power. At these high circulating powers, the sensitivity of the detectors to gravitational waves will be limited by the quantum properties of the light: shot noise at frequencies above ~ 100 Hz, and quantum radiation pressure noise at lower frequencies. To reach the high powers necessary for achieving the quantum noise limits imposed by the light, it is essential to solve the control problems and understand the additional noise introduced by high power operation. Additionally, development of high-power laser sources that reach the stringent noise and reliability requirements is crucial. This work comprises three experiments aimed at reaching the radiation-pressure-dominated regime of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. The first part presents results from a high-power, meter-long Fabry-Prot Michelson interferometer to probe classical and quantum radiation pressure effects using a gram-scale mechanical oscillator. The second part is an exploration of the effects of electric fields and charging of test masses on the sensitivity of the LIGO detectors, which may limit the ability to observe radiation-pressure effects. Finally, we describe the development and characterization of a high-power, narrow-linewidth ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier for use in future gravitational-wave detectors.

Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition)

Author : Peter R Saulson
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813146206
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) by : Peter R Saulson

Download or read book Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) written by Peter R Saulson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The content of the Saulson’s book remains valid and offers a versatile introduction to gravitational wave astronomy. The book is appropriate for undergraduate students and can be read by graduate students and researchers who want to be involved in either the theoretical or the experimental traits of the study of gravitational waves.'Contemporary PhysicsLIGO's recent discovery of gravitational waves was headline news around the world. Many people will want to understand more about what a gravitational wave is, how LIGO works, and how LIGO functions as a detector of gravitational waves.This book aims to communicate the basic logic of interferometric gravitational wave detectors to students who are new to the field. It assumes that the reader has a basic knowledge of physics, but no special familiarity with gravitational waves, with general relativity, or with the special techniques of experimental physics. All of the necessary ideas are developed in the book.The first edition was published in 1994. Since the book is aimed at explaining the physical ideas behind the design of LIGO, it stands the test of time. For the second edition, an Epilogue has been added; it brings the treatment of technical details up to date, and provides references that would allow a student to become proficient with today's designs.

Injection-locked high power oscillator for advanced gravitational wave observatories

Author : Lutz Winkelmann
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736941188
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Injection-locked high power oscillator for advanced gravitational wave observatories by : Lutz Winkelmann

Download or read book Injection-locked high power oscillator for advanced gravitational wave observatories written by Lutz Winkelmann and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One approach to detect gravitational waves, which have been postulated by Albert Einstein in his General Theory of Relativity, is based on interferometric measurements of length variations with a large-scale Michelson interferometer. The detection range of these ground-based observatories is currently limited to approx. 15 Megaparsec (Mpc) because of a reduced sensitivity at detection frequencies of 10 Hz – 10 kHz by shot noise. These limitations can be overcome by an output power increase of the detector’s light source, which will enhance the sensitivity by an order of magnitude. Thus, the possibility of detecting a gravitational wave will be raised by a factor of 1000 and the detection range will be increased to 150 Mpc, accordingly. In this work a laser systems is presented, which fulfills the free-running laser requirements on stability and beam quality required by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors for the first time. The developed laser system is based on a two-stage concept, supplemented with an active amplitude and frequency stabilization, which is not part of this work. A 35 W Nd:YVO4 amplifier system with an emission wavelength of 1064 nm represents the frequency reference of the laser system and is used as the seed for an injection-locked high power oscillator. This amplifier, which is based on a Master Oscillator Power Amplifier scheme, is already used in today’s gravitational wave detectors and has been proven to be reliable in long-term operation. The linearly polarized output power of more than 200 W is generated inside the oscillator stage, which consists of four Nd:YAG crystals arranged in an asymmetric ring resonator configuration. To compensate for losses due to thermal birefringence inside the longitudinally pumped laser crystals, an imaging depolarization compensation is used. To optimize the output power of the high power oscillator a numerical model was used to calculate the resonator properties. The results derived from this model combined with experimental data are the basis for the dimensions and mechanical design of the final oscillator setup. For the injection-locking of the two laser sources, the resonator length of the high power oscillator has to be adapted and actively stabilized to be resonant with the incident seed frequency. Changes in temperature of the mechanical components result in length variations which will negatively affect the coupling of both laser systems. To compensate for this thermally induced elongation, various mechanical models have been qualitatively studied and an adequate solution consisting of a combination of adapted materials and active cooling was chosen. Furthermore, an additional slow actuator was included into the laser control, which compensates for room temperature and pressure variation induced distortions. With the developed laser system a constant single-frequency output power of 220 W with more than 165 W in the fundamental mode was obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to fulfill the LIGO VIRGO Scientific Collaboration (LVC) free-running laser requirements for their next generation of gravitational wave detectors (advanced LIGO) in cooperation with the Max-Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover. Thus, the installation of the presented laser system in the world largest terrestrial gravitational wave observatories started in spring 2011.

Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes)

Author : Grote Hartmut
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813146095
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) by : Grote Hartmut

Download or read book Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) written by Grote Hartmut and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has been hailed a scientific breakthrough and one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century. Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy are emerging as a new frontier in understanding the universe.Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors brings together many of the world's top experts to deliver an authoritative and in-depth treatment on current and future detectors. Volume I is devoted to the essentials of gravitational-wave detectors, presenting the physical principles behind large-scale precision interferometry, the physics of the underlying noise sources that limit interferometer sensitivity, and an explanation of the key enabling technologies that are used in the detectors. Volume II provides an in-depth look at the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, as well as examining future interferometric detector concepts. This two-volume set will provide students and researchers the comprehensive background needed to understand gravitational-wave detectors.

Aspects, Techniques and Design of Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

Author : Pablo Jose Barriga Campino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects, Techniques and Design of Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors by : Pablo Jose Barriga Campino

Download or read book Aspects, Techniques and Design of Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors written by Pablo Jose Barriga Campino and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in this thesis investigates some of the key technologies required to improve the sensitivity of the next generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors. A complete optical design of a high optical power, suspended mode-cleaner was undertaken in order to reduce any spatial or frequency instability of the input laser beam. This includes a study of thermal effects due to high circulating power, and a separate study of a vibration isolation system. In the last few years the Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy (ACIGA) has developed an advanced vibration isolation system, which is planned for use in the Australian International Gravitational Observatory (AIGO). A local control system originally developed for the mode-cleaner vibration isolator has evolved for application to the main vibration isolation system. Two vibration isolator systems have been assembled and installed at the Gingin Test Facility ( 80km north of Perth in Western Australia) for performance testing, requiring installation of a Nd:YAG laser to measure the cavity longitudinal residual motion. Results demonstrate residual motion at nanometre level at 1 Hz. Increasing the circulating power in the main arm cavities of the interferometer can amplify the photon-phonon interaction between the test mass and the circulating beam, enhancing the three-mode parametric interaction and creating an optical spring effect. As part of a broader study of parametric instabilities, in collaboration with the California Institute of Technology, a simulation of the circulating beam in the main arms of Advanced LIGO was completed to determine the characteristics of the higher order optical modes. The simulation encompassed di raction losses, optical gain, optical mode Q-factor and mode frequency separation. The results are presented for varying mode orders as a function of mirror diameter. The effect of test mass tilt on diffraction losses, and different coatings conffgurations are also presented. These simulations led to a study of the effect of power recycling cavities in higher order mode suppression. Current interferometric gravitational wave detectors in operation have marginally stable recycling cavities, where higher order modes are enhanced by the power recycling cavity, effectively increasing the parametric gain. A study of stable recycling cavities was undertaken in collaboration with the University of Florida, which has evolved into a proposed design for a 5 kilometre AIGO interferometer. This thesis concludes with an analysis of the work here presented and an outline of future work that will help to improve the design of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors.

Opto-acoustic Interactions in High Power Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

Author : Slawomir M. Gras
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Opto-acoustic Interactions in High Power Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors by : Slawomir M. Gras

Download or read book Opto-acoustic Interactions in High Power Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors written by Slawomir M. Gras and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Advanced laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors require an extremely high optical power in order to improve the coupling between the gravitational wave signal and the optical field. This high power requirement leads to new physical phenomena arising from nonlinear interactions associated with radiation pressure. In particular, detectors with multi-kilometer-long arm cavities containing high density optical fields suffer the possibility of 3-mode opto-acoustic interactions. This involves the process where ultrasonic vibrations of the test mass cause the steady state optical modes to scatter. These 3-mode interactions induce transverse optical modes in the arm cavities, which then can provide positive feedback to the acoustic vibrations in the test masses. This may result in the exponential growth of many acoustic mode amplitudes, known as Parametric Instability (PI). This thesis describes research on 3-mode opto-acoustic interactions in advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors through numerical investigations of these interactions for various interferometer configurations. Detailed analysis reveals the properties of opto-acoustic interactions, and their dependence on the interferometer configuration. This thesis is designed to provide a pathway towards a tool for the analysis of the parametric instabilities in the next generation interferometers. Possible techniques which could be helpful in the design of control schemes to mitigate this undesirable phenomenon are also discussed. The first predictions of parametric instability considered only single interactions involving one transverse mode and one acoustic mode in a simple optical cavity. ... In Chapter 6, I was able to make use of a new analytical model due to Strigin et al., which describes parametric instability in dual recycling interferometers. To make the solution tractable, it was necessary to consider two extreme cases. In the worst case, recycling cavities are assumed to be resonant for all transverse modes, whereas in the best cases, both recycling cavities are anti-resonant for the transverse modes. Results show that, for the worst case, parametric gain values as high as {598}1000 can be expected, while in the best case the gain can be as low as {598} 3. The gain is shown to be very sensitive to the precise conditions of the interferometer, emphasising the importance of understanding the behaviour of the detectors when the cavity locking deviates from ideal conditions. Chapter 7 of this thesis contains work on the observation of 3-mode interactions in an optical cavity at Gingin, which confirms the analysis presented here, and also a paper which shows how the problem of 3-mode interactions can be harnessed to create new devices called opto-acoustic parametric amplifiers. In the conclusions in Chapter 8, I discuss the next important steps in understanding parametric interactions in real interferometers including the need for more automated codes relevant to the design requirements for recycling cavities. In particular, it is pointed out how the modal structure of power and signal recycling cavities must be understood in detail, including the Gouy phase for each transverse mode, to be able to obtain precise predictions of parametric gain. This thesis is organised as a series of papers which are published or have been submitted for publication. Such writing style fills the condition for Ph.D. thesis at the University of Western Australia.

Topics in LIGO-related Physics

Author : Patricia Marie Purdue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (437 download)

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Book Synopsis Topics in LIGO-related Physics by : Patricia Marie Purdue

Download or read book Topics in LIGO-related Physics written by Patricia Marie Purdue and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the quest to develop viable designs for third-generation optical interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, one strategy is to monitor the relative momentum or speed of the test-mass mirrors, rather than monitoring their relative position. The most straightforward design for a speed-meter interferometer that accomplishes this is described and analyzed in Chapter 2. This design (due to Braginsky, Gorodetsky, Khalili, and Thorne) is analogous to a microwave-cavity speed meter conceived by Braginsky and Khalili. A mathematical mapping between the microwave speed meter and the optical interferometric speed meter is developed and used to show (in accord with the speed being a quantum nondemolition observable) that in principle the interferometric speed meter can beat the gravitational-wave standard quantum limit (SQL) by an arbitrarily large amount, over an arbitrarily wide range of frequencies . However, in practice, to reach or beat the SQL, this specific speed meter requires exorbitantly high input light power. The physical reason for this is explored, along with other issues such as constraints on performance due to optical dissipation. Chapter 3 proposes a more sophisticated version of a speed meter. This new design requires only a modest input power and appears to be a fully practical candidate for third-generation LIGO. It can beat the SQL (the approximate sensitivity of second-generation LIGO interferometers) over a broad range of frequencies (~ 10 to 100 Hz in practice) by a factor h/hSQL ~ √W^(SQL)_(circ)/Wcirc. Here Wcirc is the light power circulating in the interferometer arms and WSQL -̃ 800 kW is the circulating power required to beat the SQL at 100 Hz (the LIGO-II power). If squeezed vacuum (with a power-squeeze factor e-2R) is injected into the interferometer's output port, the SQL can be beat with a much reduced laser power: h/hSQL ~ √W^(SQL)_(circ)/Wcirce-2R. For realistic parameters (e-2R -̃ 10 and Wcirc -̃ 800 to 2000 kW), the SQL can be beat by a factor ~ 3 to 4 from 10 to 100 Hz. [However, as the power increases in these expressions, the speed meter becomes more narrow band; additional power and re-optimization of some parameters are required to maintain the wide band.] By performing frequency-dependent homodyne detection on the output (with the aid of two kilometer-scale filter cavities), one can markedly improve the interferometer's sensitivity at frequencies above 100 Hz. Chapters 2 and 3 are part of an ongoing effort to develop a practical variant of an interferometric speed meter and to combine the speed meter concept with other ideas to yield a promising third- generation interferometric gravitational-wave detector that entails low laser power. Chapter 4 is a contribution to the foundations for analyzing sources of gravitational waves for LIGO. Specifically, it presents an analysis of the tidal work done on a self-gravitating body (e.g., a neutron star or black hole) in an external tidal field (e.g., that of a binary companion). The change in the mass-energy of the body as a result of the tidal work, or "tidal heating," is analyzed using the Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensor and the local asymptotic rest frame of the body. It is shown that the work done on the body is gauge invariant, while the body-tidal-field interaction energy contained within the body's local asymptotic rest frame is gauge dependent. This is analogous to Newtonian theory, where the interaction energy is shown to depend on how one localizes gravitational energy, but the work done on the body is independent of that localization. These conclusions play a role in analyses, by others, of the dynamics and stability of the inspiraling neutron-star binaries whose gravitational waves are likely to be seen and studied by LIGO.

Precision Interferometry in a New Shape

Author : Paul Fulda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319013750
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Interferometry in a New Shape by : Paul Fulda

Download or read book Precision Interferometry in a New Shape written by Paul Fulda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With his Ph.D. thesis, presented here in the format of a "Springer Theses", Paul Fulda won the 2012 GWIC thesis prize awarded by the Gravitational Wave International Committee. The impact of thermal noise on future gravitational wave detectors depends on the size and shape of the interrogating laser beam. It had been known since 2006 that, in theory, higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes could reduce thermal noise. Paul Fulda’s research brings Laguerre-Gauss modes an enormous step forward. His work includes analytical, numerical and experimental work on table-top setups as well as experiments at the Glasgow 10m prototype interferometer. Using numerical simulations the LG33 mode was selected as the optical mode to be tested. Further research by Paul and his colleagues since then concentrated on this mode. Paul has developed and demonstrated simple and effective methods to create this mode with diffractive optics and successfully demonstrated its compatibility with the essential building blocks of gravitational wave detectors, namely, optical cavities, Michelson interferometers and opto-electronic sensing and control systems. Through this work, Laguerre-Gauss modes for interferometers have been transformed from an essentially unknown entity to a well understood option with an experimental basis.

Quantum Limited Optical Phase Detection in a High Power Suspended Interferometer

Author : Brian Thomas Lantz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantum Limited Optical Phase Detection in a High Power Suspended Interferometer by : Brian Thomas Lantz

Download or read book Quantum Limited Optical Phase Detection in a High Power Suspended Interferometer written by Brian Thomas Lantz and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors

Author : D. G. Blair
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521874297
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors by : D. G. Blair

Download or read book Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors written by D. G. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the technology and reviews the experimental issues; a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and astrophysics.

Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves

Author : Massimo Bassan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319037927
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves by : Massimo Bassan

Download or read book Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves written by Massimo Bassan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for gravitational radiation with optical interferometers is gaining momentum worldwide. Beside the VIRGO and GEO gravitational wave observatories in Europe and the two LIGOs in the United States, which have operated successfully during the past decade, further observatories are being completed (KAGRA in Japan) or planned (ILIGO in India). The sensitivity of the current observatories, although spectacular, has not allowed direct discovery of gravitational waves. The advanced detectors (Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo) at present in the development phase will improve sensitivity by a factor of 10, probing the universe up to 200 Mpc for signal from inspiraling binary compact stars. This book covers all experimental aspects of the search for gravitational radiation with optical interferometers. Every facet of the technological development underlying the evolution of advanced interferometers is thoroughly described, from configuration to optics and coatings and from thermal compensation to suspensions and controls. All key ingredients of an advanced detector are covered, including the solutions implemented in first-generation detectors, their limitations, and how to overcome them. Each issue is addressed with special reference to the solution adopted for Advanced VIRGO but constant attention is also paid to other strategies, in particular those chosen for Advanced LIGO.

The Detection of Gravitational Waves

Author : David G. Blair
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521021029
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis The Detection of Gravitational Waves by : David G. Blair

Download or read book The Detection of Gravitational Waves written by David G. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concepts of gravitational waves within the context of general relativity. The sources of gravitational radiation for which there is direct observational evidence and those of a more speculative nature are described. He then gives a general introduction to the methods of detection. In the subsequent chapters he has drawn together the leading scientists in the field to give a comprehensive practical and theoretical account of the physics and technology of gravitational wave detection.

Gravitational Wave Data Analysis

Author : B.F. Schutz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400911858
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Gravitational Wave Data Analysis by : B.F. Schutz

Download or read book Gravitational Wave Data Analysis written by B.F. Schutz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this book represent the major contributions at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that was held from 6 to 9 July 1987 in the magnificent setting of Dyffryn House and Gardens, in St. Nicholas, just outside Cardiff, Wales. The idea for such a meeting arose in discussions that I had in 1985 and 1986 with many of the principal members of the various groups building prototype laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors. It became clear that the proposals that these groups were planning to submit for large-scale detectors would have to address questions like the following: • What computing hardware might be required to sift through data corning in at rates of several gigabytes per day for gravitational wave events that might last only a second or less and occur as rarely as once a month? • What software would be required for this task, and how much effort would be required to write it? • Given that every group accepted that a worldwide network of detectors operating in co incidence with one another was required in order to provide both convincing evidence of detections of gravitational waves and sufficient information to determine the amplitude and direction of the waves that had been detected, what sort of problems would the necessary data exchanges raise? Yet most of the effort in these groups had, quite naturally, been concentrated on the detector systems.

Design and Performance of High Laser Power Interferometers for Gravitational-wave Detection

Author : Katherine Laird Dooley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Performance of High Laser Power Interferometers for Gravitational-wave Detection by : Katherine Laird Dooley

Download or read book Design and Performance of High Laser Power Interferometers for Gravitational-wave Detection written by Katherine Laird Dooley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: A prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravitational waves (GWs) are perturbations of the flat space-time Minkowski metric that travel at the speed of light. Indirectly measured by Hulse and Taylor in the 1970s through the energy they carried away from a binary pulsar system, gravitational waves have yet to be detected directly. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) is part of a global network of gravitational-wave detectors that seeks to detect directly gravitational waves and to study their sources.

Active Wavefront Correction in Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

Author : Ryan Christopher Lawrence
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (525 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Wavefront Correction in Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors by : Ryan Christopher Lawrence

Download or read book Active Wavefront Correction in Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors written by Ryan Christopher Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first generation of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors near operation, research and development has begun on increasing the instrument's sensitivity while utilizing existing infrastructure. In the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), significant improvements are being planned for installation in 2007 to increase the sensitivity to test mass displacement, hence sensitivity to gravitational wave strain, by improved suspensions and test mass substrates, active seismic isolation, and higher input laser power. Even with the highest quality optics available today, however, finite absorption of laser power within transmissive optics, coupled with the tremendous amount of optical power circulating in various parts of the interferometer, result in critical wavefront deformations which will cripple the performance of the instrument. Discussed is a method of active wavefront correction via direct thermal actuation on optical elements of the interferometer; or, "thermally adaptive optics". A simple nichrome heating element suspended off the face of an affected optic will, through radiative heating, remove the gross axisymmetric part of the original thermal distortion. A scanning heating laser- will then be used to remove any remaining non-axisymmetric wavefront distortion, generated by inhomogeneities in the substrate's absorption, thermal conductivity, etc. This work includes a quantitative analysis of both techniques of thermal compensation, as well as the results of a proof-of-principle experiment which verified the technical feasibility of each technique.

Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

Author : Peter R. Saulson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789813146198
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors by : Peter R. Saulson

Download or read book Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors written by Peter R. Saulson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for gravitational waves -- The nature of gravitational waves -- Sources of gravitational waves -- Linear systems, signals and noise -- Optical readout noise -- Folded interferometer arms -- Thermal noise -- Seismic noise and vibration isolation -- Design features of large interferometers -- Null instruments -- Feedback control systems -- An interferometer as an active null instrument -- Resonant mass gravitational wave detectors -- Detecting gravitational wave signals -- Gravitational wave astronomy -- The discovery of gravitational waves -- Epilogue

Compensation of Strong Thermal Lensing in Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Waves Detectors

Author : Jérôme Degallaix
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Compensation of Strong Thermal Lensing in Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Waves Detectors by : Jérôme Degallaix

Download or read book Compensation of Strong Thermal Lensing in Advanced Interferometric Gravitational Waves Detectors written by Jérôme Degallaix and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A network of laser interferometer gravitational waves detectors spread across the globe is currently running and steadily improving. After complex data analysis from the output signal of the present detectors, astrophysical results begin to emerge with upper limits on gravitational wave sources. So far, however no direct detection has been announced. To increase the sensitivity of current detectors, a second generation of interferometers is planned which will make gravitational wave astronomy a reality within one decade. The advanced generation of interferometers will represent a substantial upgrade from current detectors. Especially, very high optical power will circulate in the arm cavities in order to reduce by one order of magnitude the shot noise limited sensitivity in high frequency. However, the theoretical shot noise limit will only be achieved after implementation of complex thermal lensing compensation schemes. Thermal lensing is direct consequence of the residual optical absorption inside the substrate and coating of the test masses and could have tragic consequences for the functionality of the interferometer. The Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy (ACIGA) in collaboration with LIGO will run a series of high optical power tests to understand the characteristics and effects of thermal lensing. During these tests, techniques to compensate thermal lensing will be experimented. This thesis mainly focused on the first high optical power test in Gingin, Australia. The first test will consist of a Fabry Perot cavity with the sapphire substrate of the input mirror inside the cavity. Due to the high optical circulating power a strong convergent thermal lens will appear in the input mirror substrate. Because of the presence of the thermal lens inside the cavity, the size of the cavity waist will be reduced and the cavity circulating power will decrease. Simulations using higher order mode expansion and FFT propagation code were completed to estimate ways to compensate strong thermal lensing for the Gingin first test. The term strong thermal lensing is used because the thermal lens focal length is comparable to the design focal length of the optical components. The expected performance of a fused silica compensation plate is presented and advantages and limits of this method are discussed. Experimental results on small scale actuators which can potentially compensate thermal lensing are detailed. The knowledge gained from these experiments was valuable to design the real scale compensation plate which was used in the first Gingin test. This test was carried at the end of 2005. The thermal lens due to 1 kW of optical power circulating in the sapphire substrate was successfully compensated using a fused silica plate. Yet, thermal lensing compensation may only be required for room temperature advanced interferometer. Indeed, we showed that cooling the interferometer mirror to cryogenic temperature can eliminate the thermal lensing problem and also substantially decrease the mirror thermal noise.