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High Performance Computer Export Controls
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Book Synopsis Export controls information on the decision to revise high performance computer controls : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate by :
Download or read book Export controls information on the decision to revise high performance computer controls : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Export Controls by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Export Controls written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because high performance computing is an important enabling technology for military purposes, the U.S. government controls the export of high performance computers to sensitive destinations, such as Russia and China, based on foreign policy and national security concerns. A high performance computer 1 has both civilian and military applications,2 operates at or above a defined performance threshold, and requires an export license to particular destinations, according to the Commerce Department, the agency responsible for licensing dual-use items. U.S. policy with respect to the export of sensitive technology, including computers, is to seek a balance between the U.S. economic interest in promoting exports and its national security interests in both maintaining a military advantage over potential adversaries and denying the spread of technologies used in developing weapons of mass destruction.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Export Control Implementation Issues with Respect to High-performance Computers by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book Export Control Implementation Issues with Respect to High-performance Computers written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Performance Computer Export Controls by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book High Performance Computer Export Controls written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Export controls more thorough analysis needed to justify changes in high performance computer controls. by :
Download or read book Export controls more thorough analysis needed to justify changes in high performance computer controls. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 2002, the President announced that the control threshold above which computers exported to countries such as China, India, and Russia would increase from 85,000 MTOPS to 190,000 MTOPS. When the President changes the threshold, the National Defense Authorization Act of 1998 requires that the President provide a justification to Congress. The justification should, at a minimum, address the extent to which computers capable of performance between the established and newly proposed level of performance are available from other countries, address all their potential military uses, and assess the impact of such uses on U.S. national security interests. A related law also requires that we assess the executive branch's proposed changes. The justification for the President's January 2002 change to the control threshold for high performance computers was presented in a December 28, 2001, report to Congress. Thus, we (1) assessed the President's justification for the decision as presented in the December 2001 report and (2) identified other issues relevant to the decision to change the control threshold. To address these issues, we reviewed the statutory requirements for the justification, the documentation used by executive branch officials to support the conclusions presented in the report, and export control regulations pertaining to high performance computers. In addition, we obtained information from the 10 manufacturers listed in the President's report on the availability of high performance computers having the specifications described in the report. The information obtained from the manufacturers was supplemented with additional information obtained from a leading information technology industry market research organization. We also interviewed officials from the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and State who were responsible for producing the President's report.
Book Synopsis Executive Briefing by : Seymour Goodman
Download or read book Executive Briefing written by Seymour Goodman and published by IEEE Computer Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports on the results of a recent study of the U.S.-Japanese special export control regime for high-performance computers. This briefing reviews the history and purpose of this regime and establishes a framework for analysis. This framework can be used to test the basic premises on which the control regime rests and to suggest viable control thresholds. The briefing reviews the necessity of high-performance computers in U.S. government national security applications. It suggests the levels of export control that are possible for such systems, and discusses the desirability and feasibility of maintaining such controls. It also identifies the near- and intermediate-term problems that may erode the viability of the basic premises underlying high-performance computer export controls.
Book Synopsis Export Control of High Performance Computing: Analysis and Alternative Strategies by :
Download or read book Export Control of High Performance Computing: Analysis and Alternative Strategies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High performance computing has historically played an important role in the ability of the United States to develop and deploy a wide range of national security capabilities, such as stealth aircraft, sonar arrays, and high-energy rocket fuels. Therefore, it is critical that the United States stay ahead technically in this important area. Export controls on computer hardware are one of several strategies used to ensure U.S. superiority in high performance computing. However, rapid advances in computer technology have limited the government's ability to prevent the export of high performance computing hardware to potential adversaries. Furthermore, controls that once restricted the export of high-end supercomputers now restrict the export of low- and mid-range servers. Denial of access to growing third-world markets, burgeoning foreign computer manufacturing capability, and increasing foreign demand for computers give rise to industry concerns over the potential loss of American dominance in the world computer market. These issues are seen as a threat to both U.S. economic security and national defense. In light of these concerns, the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Science and Technology) was asked to conduct a study to develop alternative export control strategies for high performance computing. The goal of this study was to develop strategies that protect national security interests in high performance computing while not endangering U.S. dominance of the computer industry. This report summarizes the findings of this work, completed in November 2000. The current hardware control strategy is based on a measure of computer performance known as MTOPS, millions of theoretical operations per second. This metric, implemented in 1991, served as an effective basis for export controls until the late 1990s.
Author :United States. Congress Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781983487668 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (876 download)
Book Synopsis High Performance Computer Export Controls by : United States. Congress
Download or read book High Performance Computer Export Controls written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High performance computer export controls : hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, March 15, 2001.
Book Synopsis Export controls statutory reporting requirements for computers not fully addressed : report to congressional requesters by :
Download or read book Export controls statutory reporting requirements for computers not fully addressed : report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Supercomputer Export Control Policy by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security
Download or read book U.S. Supercomputer Export Control Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EXPORT CONTROLS: System for Controlling Exports of High Performance Computing Is Ineffective by :
Download or read book EXPORT CONTROLS: System for Controlling Exports of High Performance Computing Is Ineffective written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because high performance computing is an important enabling technology for military purposes, the U.S. government controls the export of high performance computers to sensitive destinations, such as Russia and China, based on foreign policy and national security concerns. A high performance computer 1 has both civilian and military applications,2 operates at or above a defined performance threshold, and requires an export license to particular destinations, according to the Commerce Department, the agency responsible for licensing dual-use items. U.S. policy with respect to the export of sensitive technology, including computers, is to seek a balance between the U.S. economic interest in promoting exports and its national security interests in both maintaining a military advantage over potential adversaries and denying the spread of technologies used in developing weapons of mass destruction.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :56 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis High Performance Computer Export Controls by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book High Performance Computer Export Controls written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Export Administration Act by : Ian F. Fergusson
Download or read book The Export Administration Act written by Ian F. Fergusson and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In debates on export administration legislation, parties often fall into two camps: those who primarily want to liberalise controls in order to promote exports, and those who are apprehensive that liberalisation may compromise national security goals. While it is widely agreed that exports of some goods and technologies can adversely affect US national security and foreign policy, many believe that current export controls are detrimental to US business, that the resultant loss of competitiveness, market share, and jobs can harm the US economy, and that the harm to particular US industries and to the economy itself can negatively impact US security. Controversies arise with regard to the cost to the US economy, the licensing system, foreign availability of controlled items, and unilateral controls as opposed to multilateral regimes. In the last few years, congressional attention has focused on high-performance computers, encryption, stealth technology, precision machine tools, satellites, and aerospace technology. Congress has several options in addressing export administration policy, ranging from approving no new legislation to rewriting the entire Export Administration Act. This book examines some of the controversies and debates raised by these opposing options.
Author :General accounting office washington dc national security and international affairs div Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :50 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (455 download)
Book Synopsis Export Controls Information on the Decision to Revise High Performance Computer Controls by : General accounting office washington dc national security and international affairs div
Download or read book Export Controls Information on the Decision to Revise High Performance Computer Controls written by General accounting office washington dc national security and international affairs div and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 1996, the executive branch revised controls on the export of U.S. manufactured high performance computers (HPC) by raising thresholds of computer performance for which exporters must obtain a license. Subsequently, several unlicensed HPCS were exported to both China and Russia, including 17 computers illegally sent to a Russian nuclear weapons lab. You expressed concerns that U.S. national security interests may have been compromised by such sales and requested that we (1) assess the basis for the executive branch's revision of HPC export controls and (2) identify changes in licensing activities and the implementation of certain U.S. licensing and export enforcement requirements since the revision. You also asked us to determine the current foreign availability of HPCs, particularly for certain countries of national security concern.
Book Synopsis Export Controls by : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Download or read book Export Controls written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For national security and foreign policy reasons, U.S. export control policy seeks to balance economic interests in promoting high technology exports with national security interests to maintain a military advantage in high performance computers over potential adversaries. In January 2002, the President announced that the control threshold--above which computers exported to countries such as China, India, and Russia--would increase from 85,000 millions of theoretical operations per second (MTOPS) to 190,000 MTOPS. The report justifying the changes in control thresholds for high performance computers focused on the availability of such computers. However, the justification did not fully address the requirements of the National Defense Authorization Act of 1998. The December 2001 report did not address several key issues related to the decision to raise the threshold: (1) the unrestricted export of computers with performance capabilities between the old and new thresholds will allow countries of concern to obtain computers that they have had difficulty constructing on their own, (2) the United States is unable to monitor the end-uses of many of the computers it exports, and (3) the report does not acknowledge the multilateral process used to make prior changes in high performance computer thresholds.
Download or read book Export Controls written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government controls the export of high performance computers to certain countries based on foreign policy and national security concerns. The Commerce Department considers a high performance computer to be one that exceeds a defined performance threshold, thus requiring an export license. In a July 1999 report, the executive branch described its plans to change the controls on the exports of high performance computers by increasing the level of computing performance for which export licenses would be required. The executive branch last modified controls on high performance computers in January 1996. In the Fiscal Year 1998 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 105-85, sec. 1211, Nov. 1997), Congress required the executive branch to provide a report justifying proposed changes to export controls on computers. The act requires the report, at a minimum, to (1) address the extent to which high performance computers with capabilities between the established level and the new proposed level of performance are available from other countries, (2) address all potential uses of military significance to which high performance computers at the new levels could be applied, and (3) assess the impact of potential military uses on U.S. national security interests.
Book Synopsis Export controls system for controlling exports of high performance computing is ineffective : report to the chairman, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate by :
Download or read book Export controls system for controlling exports of high performance computing is ineffective : report to the chairman, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
