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High Frequency Planar Accelerating Structures For Future Linear Colliders
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Book Synopsis High Frequency Planar Accelerating Structures for Future Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book High Frequency Planar Accelerating Structures for Future Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern microfabrication techniques based on deep etch x-ray lithography, e.g., LIGA, can be used to produce large-aspect-ratio, metallic or dielectric, planar structures suitable for high-frequency RF acceleration of charged particle beams. Specifically, these techniques offer significant advantages over conventional manufacturing methods for future linear colliders (beyond NLC, the Next Linear Collider) because of several unique systems requirements. First, to have the required ac wall plug power within reasonable limits, such future linear colliders (5 TeV) must operate at high frequency (30 GHz). Secondly, luminosity requirements suggest the use of multi-bunch acceleration of electrons and positrons in the linear collider. Thirdly, in order to clearly discriminate physics events in the final interaction point at which electrons and positrons collide, it is required that secondary particle production from beamstrahlung be minimized. Flat electron and positron beams with a large aspect ratio will be beneficial in reducing beamstrahlung in the final focus region, but cause the beam to be more sensitive to wakefields in the vertical dimension. In principle, a flat beam can be accelerated in a planar structure with reduced wakefield in the vertical direction for the entire length of the accelerator. The LIGA process is particularly suitable for manufacturing miniaturized, planar, asymmetric cavities at high frequency. The main advantages of the LIGA process are fabrication of structures with high aspect ratio, small dimensional tolerances, and arbitrary mask shape (cross-section). Other advantages include mass-production with excellent repeatability and precision of up to an entire section of an accelerating structure consisting of a number of cells. It eliminates the need of tedious machining and brazing, for example, of individual disks and cups in conventional disk-loaded structures. Also, planar input/output couplers for the accelerating structure can be easily machined in the same process with the cavities. The new fabrication technique should substantially reduce the manufacturing cost of such accelerating structures.
Book Synopsis New Techniques for Future Accelerators by : Mario Puglisi
Download or read book New Techniques for Future Accelerators written by Mario Puglisi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-12-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider by : Valery Lebedev
Download or read book Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider written by Valery Lebedev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam instrumentation. The topics discussed show the complexity and breadth of the issues associated with modern hadron accelerators, while providing a systematic approach needed in the design and construction of next generation colliders. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in high energy physics and can serve as an introduction for students studying the beam physics of colliders.
Book Synopsis A Damped and Detuned Accelerating Structure for the Main Linacs of the Compact Linear Collider by : Vasim Firoj Khan
Download or read book A Damped and Detuned Accelerating Structure for the Main Linacs of the Compact Linear Collider written by Vasim Firoj Khan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear colliders are an option for lepton collision at several TeV. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) aims at electron and positron collisions at a centre of mass energy of 3 TeV. In CLIC, the main accelerating structures are designed to operate at an X-band frequency of 12 GHz with an accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m. Two significant issues in linear accelerators that can prevent high gradient being achieved are electrical breakdown and wakefields. The baseline design for the CLIC main linacs relies on a small aperture size to reduce the breakdown probability and a strong damping scheme to suppress the wakefields. The strong damping scheme may have a higher possibility of electrical breakdown. In this thesis an alternative design for the main accelerating structures of CLIC is studied and various aspects of this design are discussed. This design is known as a Damped and Detuned Structure (DDS) which relies on moderate damping and strong detuning of the higher order modes (HOMs). The broad idea of DDS is based upon the Next Linear Collider (NLC) design. The advantages of this design are: well damped wakefields, minimised rf breakdown probability and reduced size of the structure compared to the strong damping design. Procedures necessary to minimise the rf monopole fields and enhance the wakefield suppression are discussed. The rf as well as mechanical designs of a test structure are presented. This unique design forms the basis of this research and allows both the electrical breakdown and beam dynamics constraints to be simultaneously satisfied.
Book Synopsis Accelerator Structures for Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book Accelerator Structures for Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear Colliders require high gradient (to reduce length dependent costs), high shunt impedance (to reduce power dependent costs) accelerator structures in which the long range dipole wakefields have been reduced by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The precise dipole wake reduction factor required depends on many factors. These include the beam intensity and time structure, the accelerator aperture and accelerating gradient, the strength of the focusing, the alignment precision and position stability of accelerator structures and the focusing elements, the effectiveness of the tuning procedure and feedback system, the pulse to pulse stability of the injected beam, and the required emittance at the final focus. For the purposes of this paper the authors accept that large reduction factors are required and discuss various approaches to achieving them. There are basically two approaches: detuning and damping, which are often used in combination. Damping can be accomplished either by introducing loss selectively into the accelerating structure cells, or by coupling the dipole modes out of the accelerating region and absorbing them in external loads or lossy materials. Detuning can greatly reduce the amount of damping required by causing the dipole modes to decohere, and it is possible to achieve destructive interference so that the wakefields from different cells in the accelerator cancel each other as seen by the bunches of electrons travelling through the linac. Several different approaches have achieved large reduction in the long-range dipole wakefields so that they pose no restriction on the length of the bunch trains which can be used for linear colliders.
Book Synopsis Studies on Higher Order Modes in Accelerating Structures for Linear Colliders by : Nicoleta-Ionela Baboi
Download or read book Studies on Higher Order Modes in Accelerating Structures for Linear Colliders written by Nicoleta-Ionela Baboi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Future Ee− Linear Colliders and Beam-beam Effects by :
Download or read book Future Ee− Linear Colliders and Beam-beam Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous concepts, ranging from conventional to highly exotic, hae been proposed for the acceleration of electrons and positrons to very high energies. For any such concept to be viable, it must be possible to produce from it a set of consistent parameters for one of these ''benchmark'' machines. Attention is directed to the choice of parameters for a collider in the 300 GeV energy range, operating at a gradient on the order of 200 MV/m, using X-band power sources to drive a conventional disk-loaded accelerating structure. These rf power sources, while not completely conventional represent a reasonable extrapolation from present technology. The choice of linac parameters is strongly coupled to various beam-beam effects which take place when the electron and positron bunches collide. We summarize these beam-beam effects, and then return to the rf design of a 650 GeV center-of-mass collider. 14 refs.
Book Synopsis Studies on Higher Order Modes in Accelerating Structures for Linear Colliders by : Nicoleta-Ionela Baboi
Download or read book Studies on Higher Order Modes in Accelerating Structures for Linear Colliders written by Nicoleta-Ionela Baboi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Millimeter-wave Structures and Drivers for Future Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book Millimeter-wave Structures and Drivers for Future Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest in the development of very high gradient (≥ GeV/meter) accelerating structures and millimeter-wave power sources. The need for very high gradient structures to be operated in W-band or at higher frequencies poses great technical challenges and demands innovations in rf science and technology to reach this goal. Requirements for microstructure fabrication and power sources based on deep x-ray lithography techniques are examined.
Book Synopsis Detuned Accelerating Structure for Linear Collider by : T. Higo
Download or read book Detuned Accelerating Structure for Linear Collider written by T. Higo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis HOM-free Linear Accelerating Structure for E+e- Linear Collider at C-band by : T. Shintake
Download or read book HOM-free Linear Accelerating Structure for E+e- Linear Collider at C-band written by T. Shintake and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scaling Linear Colliders to 5 TeV and Above by :
Download or read book Scaling Linear Colliders to 5 TeV and Above written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed designs exist at present for linear colliders in the 0.5-1.0 TeV center-of-mass energy range. For linear colliders driven by discrete rf sources (klystrons), the rf operating frequencies range from 1.3 GHz to 14 GHz, and the unloaded accelerating gradients from 21 MV/m to 100 MV/m. Except for the collider design at 1.3 GHz (TESLA) which uses superconducting accelerating structures, the accelerating gradients vary roughly linearly with the rf frequency. This correlation between gradient and frequency follows from the necessity to keep the ac {open_quotes}wall plug{close_quotes} power within reasonable bounds. For linear colliders at energies of 5 TeV and above, even higher accelerating gradients and rf operating frequencies will be required if both the total machine length and ac power are to be kept within reasonable limits. An rf system for a 5 TeV collider operating at 34 GHz is outlined, and it is shown that there are reasonable candidates for microwave tube sources which, together with rf pulse compression, are capable of supplying the required rf power. Some possibilities for a 15 TeV collider at 91 GHz are briefly discussed.
Book Synopsis Alignment Tolerance of Accelerating Structures and Corrections for Future Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book Alignment Tolerance of Accelerating Structures and Corrections for Future Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alignment tolerance of accelerating structures is estimated by tracking simulations. Both single-bunch and multi-bunch effects are taken into account. Correction schemes for controlling the single and multi-bunch emittance growth in the case of large misalignment are also tested by simulations.
Book Synopsis Room Temperature Accelerator Structures for Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book Room Temperature Accelerator Structures for Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early tests of short low group velocity and standing wave structures indicated the viability of operating X-band linacs with accelerating gradients in excess of 100 MeV/m. Conventional scaling of traveling wave traveling wave linacs with frequency scales the cell dimensions with?. Because Q scales as?12, the length of the structures scale not linearly but as?32 in order to preserve the attenuation through each structure. For NLC we chose not to follow this scaling from the SLAC S-band linac to its fourth harmonic at X-band. We wanted to increase the length of the structures to reduce the number of couplers and waveguide drives which can be a significant part of the cost of a microwave linac. Furthermore, scaling the iris size of the disk-loaded structures gave unacceptably high short range dipole wakefields. Consequently, we chose to go up a factor of about 5 in average group velocity and length of the structures, which increases the power fed to each structure by the same factor and decreases the short range dipole wakes by a similar factor. Unfortunately, these longer (1.8 m) structures have not performed nearly as well in high gradient tests as the short structures. We believe we have at least a partial understanding of the reason and will discuss it below. We are now studying two types of short structures with large apertures with moderately good efficiency including: (1) traveling wave structures with the group velocity lowered by going to large phase advance per period with bulges on the iris, (2)? mode standing wave structures.
Book Synopsis Some New Accelerating Structures for High Current Intensity Accelerators by :
Download or read book Some New Accelerating Structures for High Current Intensity Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The space charge effect inside the beam of charged particles causes serious problems in high-intensity linear particle accelerators. At the present time there is only the Alvarez-Blewett accelerating structure which uses continuous strong focusing to keep the beam confined to the axis. The most serious problem is at the injection end of the accelerator where the particle velocities are low and the drift tube structure has decreased efficiency. It is suggested that some new or less well known accelerating structures using rf quadrupole focusing and H-type mode resonators may solve this problem. The disk-and-washer structure with very high coupling coefficient can be used successfully for the high-energy part of the accelerator. A newly developed coaxial coupler solves the problem of the intertank rf coupling.
Book Synopsis Distributed-coupling Linear Particle Accelerators by : Mamdouh Hassan Nasr
Download or read book Distributed-coupling Linear Particle Accelerators written by Mamdouh Hassan Nasr and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear particle accelerators (linacs) are essential for future discovery machines as well as many advanced medical and industrial applications. A linac is formed from a set of cascaded RF cavities (cells). For a typical electron linac, such as the SLAC linear accelerator, RF power is fed to the linac from one point and flows to adjacent cells through the beam tunnel. Consequently, the linac design process requires careful consideration of the coupling between adjacent cells. This limits the ability of the designer to optimize the cell shape for high RF-to-beam efficiency and/or craft the field on the surface for high-gradient operation. We introduce a novel particle accelerator technology that utilizes a periodic feeding network to feed every accelerating cell independently. This eliminates the need for the coupling between cells, giving considerable optimization flexibility for the shape of the accelerator cells. This dissertation discusses the concept behind this topology and presents how such a concept is developed and implemented through a set of key research milestones. The theory of the distributed-coupling linac is presented alongside the associated optimization techniques that take full benefit of the resultant design flexibility. Compared to a conventional linac, our designed and tested structures provide approximately double the shunt impedance. A novel manufacturing technique is enabled by observing that both the cells and the feeding network have planes with no currents passing through them. This allowed the manufacturing of the structure from two blocks. From an economical point of view, this reduces the part count by about two orders of magnitude in comparison to traditional ways of building the structures from half-cell cups. Additionally, this method allows us to assemble the structure without the necessary brazing steps typically needed for traditional linacs. Hence, the copper or doped-copper material hardness properties can be maintained, further enhancing the ability of the surface to resist damage due to cyclic fatigue. Cryogenic operation of normal-conducting linacs substantially reduces their surface resistance and hence improves RF-to-beam efficiency. The reduced losses also reduce the transient temperature rise on the surface, which is the root cause of the surface cyclic fatigue that leads to surface distortions and consequently breakdown events. That cyclic fatigue is further reduced because the copper yield strength is increased at lower temperatures. In this work, we present the first demonstration of high-gradient acceleration of an electron-beam at a cryogenic temperature of 77 K. Experimental operation of the distributed-coupling structure at 77 K resulted in a reduction in the breakdown rates by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the concept of distributed-coupling is extended to superconducting accelerators. Compared to conventional designs, the provided optimization flexibility of the distributed-coupling topology leads to optimized geometries with a reduced surface magnetic field and RF power loss. This reduction should allow for high-gradient operation and reduced system cost. We present our initial attempts to build and test a superconducting distributed-coupling linac. Finally, the concept of distributed-coupling is extended to utilize two accelerating modes that operate simultaneously in the same linac. Dual-mode acceleration enhances the shunt impedance while allowing the structure to operate at much higher gradients. The latter advantage is due to the fact that a given point on the cavity surface does not experience the sum of the peak fields from the two modes at the same time. An extra degree of freedom is obtained by not requiring the operating frequencies to be harmonically related; it is sufficient to have a common sub-harmonic. The value of this sub-harmonic determines the distance between the bunches that can be accelerated. The proposed dual-mode architecture prevents the leakage of the high-frequency mode through the coupling ports of the low-frequency mode by introducing a choke feature in the low-frequency port. Moreover, this architecture preserves the structure symmetry and allows for manufacturing the structure from quadrant copper blocks.
Book Synopsis The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 4 by :
Download or read book The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 4 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.
