Heteromation And Other Stories Of Computing And Capitalism

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Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism

Author : Hamid R. Ekbia
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262036258
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism by : Hamid R. Ekbia

Download or read book Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism written by Hamid R. Ekbia and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of a new division of labor between machines and humans, in which people provide value to the economy with little or no compensation. The computerization of the economy—and everyday life—has transformed the division of labor between humans and machines, shifting many people into work that is hidden, poorly compensated, or accepted as part of being a “user” of digital technology. Through our clicks and swipes, logins and profiles, emails and posts, we are, more or less willingly, participating in digital activities that yield economic value to others but little or no return to us. Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi call this kind of participation—the extraction of economic value from low-cost or free labor in computer-mediated networks—“heteromation.” In this book, they explore the social and technological processes through which economic value is extracted from digitally mediated work, the nature of the value created, and what prompts people to participate in the process. Arguing that heteromation is a new logic of capital accumulation, Ekbia and Nardi consider different kinds of heteromated labor: communicative labor, seen in user-generated content on social media; cognitive labor, including microwork and self-service; creative labor, from gaming environments to literary productions; emotional labor, often hidden within paid jobs; and organizing labor, made up of collaborative groups such as citizen scientists. Ekbia and Nardi then offer a utopian vision: heteromation refigured to bring end users more fully into the prosperity of capitalism.

Acting with Technology

Author : Victor Kaptelinin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262112981
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Acting with Technology by : Victor Kaptelinin

Download or read book Acting with Technology written by Victor Kaptelinin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-10-06 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activity theory holds that the human mind is the product of our interaction with people & artifacts in everyday activity. This book makes the case for activity theory as a basis for understanding our relationship with technology. It describes activity theory's principles, history, & relationship to other theoretical approaches.

Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism

Author : Hamid R. Ekbia
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262340313
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism by : Hamid R. Ekbia

Download or read book Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism written by Hamid R. Ekbia and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of a new division of labor between machines and humans, in which people provide value to the economy with little or no compensation. The computerization of the economy—and everyday life—has transformed the division of labor between humans and machines, shifting many people into work that is hidden, poorly compensated, or accepted as part of being a “user” of digital technology. Through our clicks and swipes, logins and profiles, emails and posts, we are, more or less willingly, participating in digital activities that yield economic value to others but little or no return to us. Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi call this kind of participation—the extraction of economic value from low-cost or free labor in computer-mediated networks—“heteromation.” In this book, they explore the social and technological processes through which economic value is extracted from digitally mediated work, the nature of the value created, and what prompts people to participate in the process. Arguing that heteromation is a new logic of capital accumulation, Ekbia and Nardi consider different kinds of heteromated labor: communicative labor, seen in user-generated content on social media; cognitive labor, including microwork and self-service; creative labor, from gaming environments to literary productions; emotional labor, often hidden within paid jobs; and organizing labor, made up of collaborative groups such as citizen scientists. Ekbia and Nardi then offer a utopian vision: heteromation refigured to bring end users more fully into the prosperity of capitalism.

A Small Matter of Programming

Author : Bonnie A. Nardi
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262140539
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis A Small Matter of Programming by : Bonnie A. Nardi

Download or read book A Small Matter of Programming written by Bonnie A. Nardi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes cognitive, social and technical issues of end user programming. Drawing on empirical research on existing end user systems, this text examines the importance of task-specific programming languages, visual application frameworks and collaborative work practices for end user computing.

Rules Without Rights

Author : Tim Bartley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198794339
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Rules Without Rights by : Tim Bartley

Download or read book Rules Without Rights written by Tim Bartley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about what it really means when companies claim to be promoting sustainability and fairness in their global operations.

The Economy of Colonial Malaya

Author : Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351850865
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economy of Colonial Malaya by : Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja

Download or read book The Economy of Colonial Malaya written by Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although colonies are often viewed as having been of crucial economic importance to Britain’s empire, those responsible for administering the colonies were often not at all interested in or supportive of commercial ventures, as this book demonstrates. Based on extensive original research, and including detailed case studies of the agricultural and mining sectors in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Malaya, the book examines how administrators and capitalists interacted, showing how administrators were often hostile to business and created barriers to business success. It discusses in particular contradictory colonial government policies, confusion over land grants and conflicts within bureaucratic hierarchies, and outlines the impact of such difficulties, including the failure to attract capital inflows and outright business failures. Overall, the book casts a great deal of light on the detail of how business and government actually worked in Britain’s colonial empire.

Value Sensitive Design

Author : Batya Friedman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262039532
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Value Sensitive Design by : Batya Friedman

Download or read book Value Sensitive Design written by Batya Friedman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using our moral and technical imaginations to create responsible innovations: theory, method, and applications for value sensitive design. Implantable medical devices and human dignity. Private and secure access to information. Engineering projects that transform the Earth. Multigenerational information systems for international justice. How should designers, engineers, architects, policy makers, and others design such technology? Who should be involved and what values are implicated? In Value Sensitive Design, Batya Friedman and David Hendry describe how both moral and technical imagination can be brought to bear on the design of technology. With value sensitive design, under development for more than two decades, Friedman and Hendry bring together theory, methods, and applications for a design process that engages human values at every stage. After presenting the theoretical foundations of value sensitive design, which lead to a deep rethinking of technical design, Friedman and Hendry explain seventeen methods, including stakeholder analysis, value scenarios, and multilifespan timelines. Following this, experts from ten application domains report on value sensitive design practice. Finally, Friedman and Hendry explore such open questions as the need for deeper investigation of indirect stakeholders and further method development. This definitive account of the state of the art in value sensitive design is an essential resource for designers and researchers working in academia and industry, students in design and computer science, and anyone working at the intersection of technology and society.

Artificial Intelligence

Author : Jerry Kaplan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190602384
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence by : Jerry Kaplan

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence written by Jerry Kaplan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the coming decades, Artificial Intelligence will profoundly impact the way we live, work, wage war, play, seek a mate, educate our young, and care for our elderly. It is likely to greatly increase our aggregate wealth, but it will also upend our labor markets, reshuffle our social order, and strain our private and public institutions. Eventually it may alter how we see our place in the universe, as machines pursue goals independent of their creators and outperform us in domains previously believed to be the sole dominion of humans. Whether we regard them as conscious or unwitting, revere them as a new form of life or dismiss them as mere clever appliances, is beside the point. They are likely to play an increasingly critical and intimate role in many aspects of our lives. The emergence of systems capable of independent reasoning and action raises serious questions about just whose interests they are permitted to serve, and what limits our society should place on their creation and use. Deep ethical questions that have bedeviled philosophers for ages will suddenly arrive on the steps of our courthouses. Can a machine be held accountable for its actions? Should intelligent systems enjoy independent rights and responsibilities, or are they simple property? Who should be held responsible when a self-driving car kills a pedestrian? Can your personal robot hold your place in line, or be compelled to testify against you? If it turns out to be possible to upload your mind into a machine, is that still you? The answers may surprise you.

Coding Places

Author : Yuri Takhteyev
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026230466X
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Coding Places by : Yuri Takhteyev

Download or read book Coding Places written by Yuri Takhteyev and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-09-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of software practice in Brazil that reveals both the globalization and the localization of software development. Software development would seem to be a quintessential example of today's Internet-enabled “knowledge work”—a global profession not bound by the constraints of geography. In Coding Places, Yuri Takhteyev looks at the work of software developers who inhabit two contexts: a geographical area—in this case, greater Rio de Janeiro—and a “world of practice,” a global system of activities linked by shared meanings and joint practice. The work of the Brazilian developers, Takhteyev discovers, reveals a paradox of the world of software: it is both diffuse and sharply centralized. The world of software revolves around a handful of places—in particular, the San Francisco Bay area—that exercise substantial control over both the material and cultural elements of software production. Takhteyev shows how in this context Brazilian software developers work to find their place in the world of software and to bring its benefits to their city. Takhteyev's study closely examines Lua, an open source programming language developed in Rio but used in such internationally popular products as World of Warcraft and Angry Birds. He shows that Lua had to be separated from its local origins on the periphery in order to achieve success abroad. The developers, Portuguese speakers, used English in much of their work on Lua. By bringing to light the work that peripheral practitioners must do to give software its seeming universality, Takhteyev offers a revealing perspective on the not-so-flat world of globalization.

Virtually Amish

Author : Lindsay Ems
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026254363X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtually Amish by : Lindsay Ems

Download or read book Virtually Amish written by Lindsay Ems and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Amish have adopted certain digital tools in ways that allow them to work and live according to their own value system. The Amish are famous for their disconnection from the modern world and all its devices. But, as Lindsay Ems shows in Virtually Amish, Old Order Amish today are selectively engaging with digital technology. The Amish need digital tools to participate in the economy—websites for ecommerce, for example, and cell phones for communication on the road—but they have developed strategies for making limited use of these tools while still living and working according to the values of their community. The way they do this, Ems suggests, holds lessons for all of us about resisting the negative forces of what has been called “high-tech capitalism.” Ems shows how the Amish do not allow technology to drive their behavior; instead, they actively configure their sociotechnical world to align with their values and protect their community’s autonomy. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two Old Order Amish settlements in Indiana, Ems explores explicit rules and implicit norms as innovations for resisting negative impacts of digital technology. She describes the ingenious contraptions the Amish devise—including “the black-box phone,” a landline phone attached to a device that connects to a cellular network when plugged into a car’s cigarette lighter—and considers the value of human-centered approaches to communication. Non-Amish technology users would do well to take note of Amish methods of adopting digital technologies in ways that empower people and acknowledge their shared humanity.

Invisible Users

Author : Jenna Burrell
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262300680
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Invisible Users by : Jenna Burrell

Download or read book Invisible Users written by Jenna Burrell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of how young people in Ghana's capital city adopt and adapt digital technology in the margins of the global economy. The urban youth frequenting the Internet cafés of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties—activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind. Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet café and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of “big gains” that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet cafés in the region. Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.

World Christianity

Author : Lalsangkima Pachuau
Publisher : Abingdon Press
ISBN 13 : 1501842307
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis World Christianity by : Lalsangkima Pachuau

Download or read book World Christianity written by Lalsangkima Pachuau and published by Abingdon Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christianity is vibrant and growing in the non-western “majority” world and Christianity is changing as a result. Pachuau surveys the current trending approaches to recognizing and investigating “world Christianity” and explores the salient features of the demographic changes that mark a measurable shift in the center of gravity from the northwest part of the globe to the southern continents. This shift is not just geographical. World Christianity is ultimately about the changing and diversifying character of Christianity and a renewed recognition of the dynamic universality of Christian faith itself: Christianity is a shared religion in that people of different cultures and societies make it their own while being transformed by it. Christanity is translatable and adaptable to all cultures while challenging each with its transformative power. Pachuau also charts the theological reestablishment of the missionary enterprise founded on understandings of God’s mission in the world (mission Dei), a mission of cross-cultural gospel diffusion for missionary advocates in the majority world but one of near neighbor missional engagement for the contagious Charismatic Christianity of the majority world. This book is both a descriptive study and a thoughtful analysis of world Christianity’s demographics, life, representation, and thought. The book an also gives an account of the historical emergence of World Christianity and its theological characteristics using a methodology that stresses the productive tension between the universal and particular in understanding a fundamentally adaptable Christian faith.

The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Andreas Sudmann
Publisher : transcript Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3839447194
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence by : Andreas Sudmann

Download or read book The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence written by Andreas Sudmann and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a long time of neglect, Artificial Intelligence is once again at the center of most of our political, economic, and socio-cultural debates. Recent advances in the field of Artifical Neural Networks have led to a renaissance of dystopian and utopian speculations on an AI-rendered future. Algorithmic technologies are deployed for identifying potential terrorists through vast surveillance networks, for producing sentencing guidelines and recidivism risk profiles in criminal justice systems, for demographic and psychographic targeting of bodies for advertising or propaganda, and more generally for automating the analysis of language, text, and images. Against this background, the aim of this book is to discuss the heterogenous conditions, implications, and effects of modern AI and Internet technologies in terms of their political dimension: What does it mean to critically investigate efforts of net politics in the age of machine learning algorithms?

Ghost Work

Author : Mary L. Gray
Publisher : Harper Business
ISBN 13 : 1328566242
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (285 download)

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Book Synopsis Ghost Work by : Mary L. Gray

Download or read book Ghost Work written by Mary L. Gray and published by Harper Business. This book was released on 2019 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A startling exposé of the invisible human workforce that powers the web--and how to bring it out of the shadows. Hidden beneath the surface of the internet, a new, stark reality is looming--one that cuts to the very heart of our endless debates about the impact of AI. Anthropologist Mary L. Gray and computer scientist Siddharth Suri unveil how the services we use from companies like Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Uber can only function smoothly thanks to the judgment and experience of a vast human labor force that is kept deliberately concealed. The people who do 'ghost work' make the internet seem smart. They perform high-tech, on-demand piecework: flagging X-rated content, proofreading, transcribing audio, confirming identities, captioning video, and much more. The shameful truth is that no labor laws protect them or even acknowledge their existence. They often earn less than legal minimums for traditional work, they have no health benefits, and they can be fired at any time for any reason, or for no reason at all. An estimated 8 percent of Americans have worked in this 'ghost economy,' and that number is growing every day. In this unprecedented investigation, Gray and Suri make the case that robots will never completely eliminate 'ghost work' and the unchecked quest for artificial intelligence could spark catastrophic work conditions if not stopped in its tracks. Ultimately, they show how this essential type of work can create opportunity--rather than misery--for those who do it."--Dust jacket.

The Tragedy of American Science

Author : Clifford D. Conner
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 164259203X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tragedy of American Science by : Clifford D. Conner

Download or read book The Tragedy of American Science written by Clifford D. Conner and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the destructive history of science-for-profit, including its toll on the US pandemic response, by the author of A People’s History of Science. Despite a facade of brilliant technological advances, American science has led humanity to the brink of interrelated disasters. In The Tragedy of American Science, historian of science Clifford D. Conner describes the dual processes by which this history has unfolded since the Second World War, addressing the corporatization and the militarization of science in the US. He examines the role of private profit considerations in determining the direction of scientific inquiry—and the ways those considerations have dangerously undermined the integrity of sciences impacting food, water, air, medicine, and the climate. In addition, he explores the relationship between scientific industries and the US military, discussing the innumerable financial and human scientific resources that have been diverted from other critical areas in order to further military aggrandizement and technological development. While the underlying problems may appear intractable, Conner compellingly argues that replacing the current science-for-profit system with a science-for-human-needs system is not an impossible utopian dream—and the first step to a better future is grappling with the mistakes of the past.

The Fourth Revolution

Author : Luciano Floridi
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191667692
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fourth Revolution by : Luciano Floridi

Download or read book The Fourth Revolution written by Luciano Floridi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who are we, and how do we relate to each other? Luciano Floridi, one of the leading figures in contemporary philosophy, argues that the explosive developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is changing the answer to these fundamental human questions. As the boundaries between life online and offline break down, and we become seamlessly connected to each other and surrounded by smart, responsive objects, we are all becoming integrated into an "infosphere". Personas we adopt in social media, for example, feed into our 'real' lives so that we begin to live, as Floridi puts in, "onlife". Following those led by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud, this metaphysical shift represents nothing less than a fourth revolution. "Onlife" defines more and more of our daily activity - the way we shop, work, learn, care for our health, entertain ourselves, conduct our relationships; the way we interact with the worlds of law, finance, and politics; even the way we conduct war. In every department of life, ICTs have become environmental forces which are creating and transforming our realities. How can we ensure that we shall reap their benefits? What are the implicit risks? Are our technologies going to enable and empower us, or constrain us? Floridi argues that we must expand our ecological and ethical approach to cover both natural and man-made realities, putting the 'e' in an environmentalism that can deal successfully with the new challenges posed by our digital technologies and information society.

The Constitution of Algorithms

Author : Florian Jaton
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262542145
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Constitution of Algorithms by : Florian Jaton

Download or read book The Constitution of Algorithms written by Florian Jaton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory study that investigates how algorithms come into existence. Algorithms--often associated with the terms big data, machine learning, or artificial intelligence--underlie the technologies we use every day, and disputes over the consequences, actual or potential, of new algorithms arise regularly. In this book, Florian Jaton offers a new way to study computerized methods, providing an account of where algorithms come from and how they are constituted, investigating the practical activities by which algorithms are progressively assembled rather than what they may suggest or require once they are assembled.