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Healthcare Waste Management In India An Overview
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Book Synopsis Healthcare Waste Management in India: an Overview by : Lalji Verma
Download or read book Healthcare Waste Management in India: an Overview written by Lalji Verma and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient care in hospitals and other healthcare facilities necessarily generate wastes which are hazardous and infectious. If not manged properly it poses grave hazard to human health, and the environment. Legislative measures in India were enunciated in 1998 and rules were promulgated.Segregation of waste at source is the most important step in the management of hospital waste. All the countries where hospital waste management is in vogue have categorized the hospital waste, and segregation is required to be in accordance with the categories. But categories also create confusion and add to the cost of waste management. Therefore another way to segregate the waste could be by intended terminal treatment option. This way the waste handlers may be clear as to which type of waste is to be put in which container.Safety measures and risk management is even more important in hospital environment.This aspect has been discussed. Training and awareness should be regular and periodic which has been suggested with training modules.Proper healthcare waste management in India remains deficient in implementation. Reasons are discussed with steps for improvement.
Book Synopsis Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities by : Yves Chartier
Download or read book Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities written by Yves Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as "the Blue Book". The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15).
Book Synopsis Hospital Waste Management among the Staff of Dental Hospitals by : Sushma Rudraswamy
Download or read book Hospital Waste Management among the Staff of Dental Hospitals written by Sushma Rudraswamy and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Health - Public Health, , course: MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY, language: English, abstract: Background and objectives: Growing urbanization has led to several changes in the healthcare sector. While on one hand, access to healthcare services are being provided to the community thereby resulting in the better health for all, improper management of biomedical waste emanating from these healthcare establishments has also given rise to many environmental and health problems. Although awareness in this issue has considerably increased over the last few years, sensitivity to this problem has been limited. Most hospitals are not actively involved in addressing this problem. Also, the staffs are not trained in the proper waste management procedures. The present interventional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about hospital waste management, to provide training programme on hospital waste management and to assess the effect of training among the staff of dental teaching hospitals in Bangalore city. Methodology: A specially prepared and pre-tested structured questionnaire was given to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the staff of dental teaching hospitals and collected personally. One day training programme on the hospital waste management was organized at each dental college. Intervention was evaluated by assessing improvements in their knowledge, change in attitude and practice scores after intervention in comparison to the base line scores. Results: Two months after intervention there was a 24.4% improvement in knowledge among the dentists, 18.7% improvement among auxiliaries and 23.3% improvement (p
Book Synopsis Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals by : Dr. G. Latha & Dr. M. Rajasekhar
Download or read book Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals written by Dr. G. Latha & Dr. M. Rajasekhar and published by Lulu Publication. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Twentieth century is a century of the greatest phenomenon in terms of growth and development of human existence at an accelerated rate of change. Intellect and technology could contribute to the immense change in terms of materialistic wellbeing, economic growth, education, healthcare etc. At the same time, the same phenomenon could contribute to over exploitation of resources, pollution, population explosion, ecological imbalance, conflict and warfare with sophisticated technology, disease and distress. Healthcare is an important area of human care. The very process of modern healthcare is also ridden with risk and unhealthy practices. One of this is Bio Medical Waste generation in treatment of human beings; apart from other species. This Bio Medical Waste generation warrants proper Bio Medical Waste management.
Book Synopsis Medical, Municipal and Plastic Waste Management Handbook by : NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers
Download or read book Medical, Municipal and Plastic Waste Management Handbook written by NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. Concern over environment is being seen a massive increase in recycling globally which has grown to be an important part of modern civilization. The consumption habits of modern consumerist lifestyles are causing a huge global waste problem. Rapid urbanization and industrial diversification has led generation of considerable qualities of municipal, plastic, hazardous and biomedical waste. Further the rapid industrial developments have, led to the generation of huge quantities of hazardous wastes, which have further aggravated the environmental problems in the country by depleting and polluting natural resources. Therefore, rational and sustainable utilization of natural resources and its protection from toxic releases is vital for sustainable socioeconomic development. Hazardous waste management is a new concept for most of the Asian countries including India. The utilization of resources and generation of waste is for beyond the limit that the biosphere was made to carry. Recycling of plastics should be carried in such a manner to minimize the pollution level during the process and as a result to enhance the efficiency of the process and conserve the energy. The concern for bio medical waste management has been felt globally with the rise in infectious diseases and indiscriminate disposal of waste. It is to be understood that management of bio medical waste is an integral part of health care. There is a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal in India that is focussed on municipalities and uses high energy/high technology, to move more towards waste processing and waste recycling (that involves public private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization driven at the community level, and using low energy/low technology resources. This book basically deals with characterization of medical waste, medical waste data collection activities, medical waste treatment effectiveness, gas sterilization , medical waste reuse, recycling and reduction, selection of waste management options, fundamental concepts related to hospital waste incineration , linkage of bio medical waste management with municipal waste management , waste identification and waste control program for the health care establishments, waste treatment and disposal : the rules and the available options , recycle spoiled photographic film and paper etc. Waste management is one of the essential obligatory functions of the country. This service is falling too short of the desired level of efficiency and satisfaction resulting in problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation. This book provides overview of the status of medical, municipal and plastic waste management. A treatment technique includes sterilization, incineration and number of recycling methods.
Book Synopsis Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques in Waste Management by : Suchismita Satapathy
Download or read book Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques in Waste Management written by Suchismita Satapathy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the problem of waste management by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The authors discuss how to apply MCDM, a complex decision-making tool that involves both quantitative and qualitative factors, to develop strategies for effective waste management using various optimization models to rank alternatives, while also incorporating the concerns and needs of multiple stakeholders to find the most optimal decisions for various types of wastes. Typically, there does not exist a single optimal solution to waste problems; with help of MCDM, far better solutions can often be found and utilized to facilitate sustainable waste management techniques in various industries. This book provides unique, effective, and quick decision-making strategies for waste management. With the ever-increasing population and continuing human development, the problem of managing waste becomes increasingly essential, and this volume helps lead the way to finding sustainable solutions.
Book Synopsis Transforming Organizations Through Flexible Systems Management by : P.K. Suri
Download or read book Transforming Organizations Through Flexible Systems Management written by P.K. Suri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on key emerging areas concerning flexible systems management as an approach for transforming organizations. It is divided into three parts, discussing Enterprise Flexibility and Performance Management; Transformational Strategies and Organizational Competitiveness; and Supply Chain Flexibility. Part I addresses the integration aspects of learning, innovation, and entrepreneurship for organizational success, performance gains through cross-border acquisitions, flexibility measurement, and organizational competitiveness, impact of disinvestment, employability gaps and sustainable growth. Part II then examines risk governance structure, supporting culture, channel collaboration, waste management, IT-based process re-engineering, HR flexibility and adoption of big data as transformational strategies. Lastly, the third part investigates the development of a framework for a green flexible manufacturing system, measuring the effect of supply chain design on firm performance, exploring and ranking logistics service providers’ best practices, and exploring the relationship between optimism and career planning in the context of manufacturing sector, and analyzes customers’ emotional engagement and their inclinations towards the brand. The concept of flexibility is a common thread running through the three parts. The book is supported by both quantitative- and qualitative-based research as well as case applications relating to different areas of government and profit and not for profit organizations. Written by leading academics and practitioners, it is a useful resource for management students, scholars, consultants and practicing managers in both government and corporate sectors.
Book Synopsis Bio-Medical Waste Management by : Sushma Sahai
Download or read book Bio-Medical Waste Management written by Sushma Sahai and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Indian context.
Book Synopsis Waste Management and Resource Efficiency by : Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Download or read book Waste Management and Resource Efficiency written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains high-quality research papers presented at Sixth International Conference on Solid Waste Management held at Jadavpur University, Kolkata India during November 23-26, 2016. The Conference, IconSWM 2016, is organized by Centre for Quality Management System, Jadavpur University in association with premier institutes and societies of India. The researchers from more than 30 countries presented their work in Solid Waste Management. The book is divided into two volumes and deliberates on various issues related to innovation and implementation in sustainable waste management, segregation, collection, transportation of waste, treatment technology, policy and strategies, energy recovery, life cycle analysis, climate change, research and business opportunities.
Author :Prof. Dr. Mahendra Pal Publisher :NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES ISBN 13 :9381039674 Total Pages :592 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (81 download)
Book Synopsis The Complete Book on Waste Treatment Technologies (Industrial, Biomedical, Water, Electronic, Municipal, Household/ Kitchen, Farm Animal, Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Fish & Sea Food Industry Waste) by : Prof. Dr. Mahendra Pal
Download or read book The Complete Book on Waste Treatment Technologies (Industrial, Biomedical, Water, Electronic, Municipal, Household/ Kitchen, Farm Animal, Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Fish & Sea Food Industry Waste) written by Prof. Dr. Mahendra Pal and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2015-01-11 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste management is a global problem that continues to increase with rapid industrialization, population growth, and economic development. As the world hurtles towards the urban future, the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is growing very fast. Wastes are generally classified into solid, liquid, & gaseous and are broadly classified as household waste; municipal waste; commercial and non-hazardous industrial wastes; hazardous (toxic) industrial wastes; construction and demolition waste; health care wastes – waste generated in health care facilities (e.g. hospitals, medical research facilities); human and animal wastes; and incinerator wastes. The fast industrialization, urbanization, modern technology, and rapidly growing population in India have posed a serious challenge to the waste management. In India, per capita generation rate of municipal solid waste ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 kg/day. At present, the daily generation rate in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific combined is approximately 1.0 million tons per day. Hazard management is essentially a problem solving process aimed at defining problems (identifying hazards), gathering information about them (assessing the risks) and solving them (controlling the risks). Integrated solid waste management is a comprehensive waste prevention, recycling, composting, and disposal programme. Disposing the waste in an environmentally friendly manner is highly crucial to all the nations of the world including India. The goal of urban solid waste management is to collect, treat and dispose of solid waste generated by the all the city dwellers in an environmentally, and socially satisfactory manner by using the most economical methods available. The major contents of the book are types of waste, human pathogens in animal agriculture production systems, pathogen reductions during waste treatment, aerosolization of pathogens etc. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, students, teachers, researchers, administrators, and planners of various disciplines who are directly or indirectly involved in the waste management. 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Book Synopsis Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic by : Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Download or read book Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the general principles, policy instruments, sustainability of supply chain, and business of health-care waste (HCW) management including inputs on exercise in immune health defense against COVID 19. Health-care waste management is very important in any country for protection of environmental and animal and human health. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition, has augmented this importance to a greater extent. Italy has been successful in curbing the problems related to HCW management during the COVID-19 pandemic at very fast rates from the worst situation, while for a few countries in Asia and Africa, challenges still exist. It is necessary that policy makers, researchers, and implementers gain more knowledge and information on these aspects and improve the strategies and actions. Addressing these issues will reduce the cost of health care as well as resource inefficiency hindering sustainable development goals. This book is of interest and useful to practitioners, capacity builders and policy makers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, and general people, and is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students in global markets. The book serves as a reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of environmental science, waste management, and medical science. National and international scientists as well as policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.
Book Synopsis Hospital Waste Management Training Among The Staff Of Dental Teaching Hospitals In Bangalore City: Hospital Waste Management by : Sushma Rudraswamy
Download or read book Hospital Waste Management Training Among The Staff Of Dental Teaching Hospitals In Bangalore City: Hospital Waste Management written by Sushma Rudraswamy and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hospitals have been existing in one form or the other since time immemorial but there never had been so much concern about the waste generated by them. The implications of hospital wastes are manifold. Now hospital waste management is one of the thrust areas which are drawing attention of health authorities and also the government. Hospital waste management requires commitment from persons at all the levels of the health care facility.The present interventional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about hospital waste management and to provide training programme on hospital waste management for the staff and to assess the effect of training among the staff of dental teaching hospitals in Bangalore city. For the purpose of conducting this study cluster sampling procedure was adopted, and eight dental teaching hospitals were randomly selected.A specially prepared, and pre-tested structured questionnaire, was given to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the staff of dental teaching hospitals and collected personally. In each institution the following elements were studied using checklist i.e segregation, disinfection, disfigurement, containment, colour coding, personal protective equipment, in house transport and disposal. One day training programme on the hospital waste management was organized at each dental college. Training was given in English to the Dentist and Dental Auxiliary and the local (Kannada) language for the Attenders. Learning media used was Audiovisual Aid- LCD projector. The duration of training per each cadre was for one and half hour which was interactive, participatory and task focused. Two months after initial training, the same baseline questionnaire was administered to the staff i.e. Dentist, Dental Auxillary and Attenders and monitoring of the waste management practices was done using the same check list, used earlier. Intervention was evaluated by assessing improvements in their knowledge, attitude and practice scores after intervention in comparison to the base line scores. This comparison involved mean and percentage changes in their knowledge, attitude and practice on the hospital waste management. Appropriate statistical tests were used to analyze the data.177 dentists, 19 auxiliaries and 54 attenders completed the study. Two months after intervention 24.4% improvement in knowledge was found among the dentists, 18.7% improvements among auxiliaries and 23.3% improvements (p 0.001, significant) among the attenders when compared to the baseline knowledge. Change in attitude was 36.2% change among the dentists, 33.3% among auxiliaries, and 56.42% among the attenders (p 0.001, significant) when compared to the baseline attitude. Change in practice was 17.6% among the dentists, 16.4 % among auxiliaries, and 4.4 % among the attenders when compared to the baseline practice. The findings of this study suggest that a training programme increases the knowledge as well as the sense of responsibility resulting in change in attitude and practices.
Book Synopsis Integrated Waste Management in India by : Marimuthu Prashanthi
Download or read book Integrated Waste Management in India written by Marimuthu Prashanthi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the current status of waste management in India and research approaches to minimize waste and convert useful waste into energy alternatives towards achieving environmental sustainability. It also discusses the implications of waste on human health and approaches to minimize the burden. Waste disposal, especially municipal solid waste (MSW), is one of the major environmental problems facing Indian cities. Inadequate management of MSW poses risks to inhabitants and is also a breeding ground for various diseases. Environmental health and the impact of waste on health is another major topic that has to be addressed. In India, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social welfare groups play a major role in collecting and managing waste. However, waste management is still a huge problem and has also expanded into rural areas. Contributed research papers from academic studies and industry focus on applied waste-management methods currently being practiced, waste strategies and ecofriendly approaches such as bioremediation. The outcomes of the research contributions in the book will be useful in implementing and developing a task force to combat the waste-management and energy-demand crises.
Book Synopsis Biomedical waste management by : Pyali Chatterjee
Download or read book Biomedical waste management written by Pyali Chatterjee and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Environmental Sciences, Amity University, language: English, abstract: “Prevention is better than cure” This is a famous idiom which doctors used to write at the end of the prescription while prescribing medicines to each patients. But what about the biomedical waste containing the germs of sick persons, which is generated from all the medicals and animal institutions while treating the sick persons, animals etc.? All such waste is generally dumped at the outskirts of the city, into rivers or sometimes one can even find it in the municipal dustbin next to any hospitals of any other locality. There, poor people, street dogs and cattle usually search for edible foods by scraping through the dustbin. Sometimes, one can even find a human fetus in the municipal garbage, where street dogs tear it apart to feed on it. It has been found that rag pickers have previously collected the syringes, glass bottles of the salines, IV drips of bottles and blood bags made of plastics. They sell them to a rag purchaser who uses those bottles for recycling, or sometimes they are sold without recycling if anything like syringes is found intact. While collecting such substances or appliances, sometimes the rag pickers get hurt or pricked from the sharp waste which is dangerous to their health. Moreover, waste sharps may cause tetanus, Hepatitis B and C, AIDS and many other infections if they are not sanitized before disposal. Recently, biomedical waste management has become a great concern for environmentalists, as there is a great risk of spreading germs in a society, as well as the pollution of the air, water and land if the waste is not managed/treated properly.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Recycling and Disposal of • Hospital Waste • Municipal Solid Waste • Biomedical Waste • Plastic Waste by : NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers
Download or read book Handbook on Recycling and Disposal of • Hospital Waste • Municipal Solid Waste • Biomedical Waste • Plastic Waste written by NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste can be almost anything, including food, leaves, newspapers, bottles, construction debris, and chemicals from a factory, candy wrappers, disposable diapers, old cars, or radioactive materials. People have always produced waste, but as industry and technology have evolved and the human population has grown, waste management has become increasingly complex. Waste recycling involves the collection of waste materials and the separation and clean-up of those materials. Recycling waste means that fewer new products and consumables need to be produced, saving raw materials and reducing energy consumption. Waste reduction and recycling are very important elements of the local waste management framework. They help both to conserve natural resources and to reduce demand for valuable landfill space. The waste recycling services has become the one of the fastest growing industry. The growth of the waste recycling services is driven by the technology development for waste recycling. The waste management market is expected to be worth US$ 13.62 billion by 2025. Indian municipal solid waste (MSW) management market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.14% by 2025. India has planned to achieve a capacity of 2.9 million hospital beds by 2025 which will help bio medical waste management market to grow at a CAGR of 8.41%. The concern for bio medical waste management has been felt globally with the rise in infectious diseases and indiscriminate disposal of waste. It is to be understood that management of bio medical waste is an integral part of health care. There is a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal in India that is focussed on municipalities and uses high energy/high technology, to move more towards waste processing and waste recycling (that involves public private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization driven at the community level, and using low energy/low technology resources. This book basically deals with characterization of Medical Waste, Medical Waste Data Collection Activities, Medical Waste Treatment Effectiveness, Gas Sterilization, Municipal Solid Waste, Bio-Medical Waste, Hospital Waste Incineration, Production, Use, and Disposal of Plastics and Plastic Products, Medical Waste Reuse, Recycling and Reduction, Disposal on Land, municipal and plastic waste management, Plastic Waste, incineration and number of recycling methods. The book is highly recommended to new entrepreneurs, existing units who wants to get more information of Waste Disposal & Recycling. 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Book Synopsis Food Waste Management. An Innovative Approach by : Laljee Verma
Download or read book Food Waste Management. An Innovative Approach written by Laljee Verma and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Environmental Sciences, , language: English, abstract: Biodegradable component of municipal solid waste (MSW) may vary but generally is about 60 %, and food waste is about 60 % of the biodegradable component. In a city like Delhi, a total of 8000 MT day -1 MSW is generated (CPCB 2012) and food waste may account for about 2700 MT. Food waste is generated by households, hotels and restaurants etc, and market places. Due to deficient collection and ineffective monitoring and control, food waste is thrown on the street and footpaths, eventually being swept away in drains causing choking of drains and eutrophication. Cooked food to the extent of 40 – 60 % is wasted in different countries, and India is no exception. Putrefying food waste attracts flies, rodents, rats, dogs, birds, and all sorts of scavengers, emit foul smell, and causes environmental degradation. Flies are a known vector of many communicable diseases. Birds get attracted to the putrefying waste by itself, as well by the maggots which may breed in the putrefying food waste. Bird hits are a common cause of aircraft disability, including disasters. Current system of collection transportation and disposal by composting has not been successful in any urban locality in India. Composting require large area of land (not easily available). Treated compost by compost machines also require storage for curing for a period, at least for 7-10 days before it can be used as manure. Energy recovery requires sophisticated equipment, and transfer of the waste in shortest possible time so that energy content in food waste does not get dissipated, and may be a factor for climate change. As per Indian rules (MSW Rules 2000), food waste is to be composted and not sent to landfill. Considering the inadequacy in proper food waste management, and its damaging fallout on the environment and human health, a system of food waste management by application of thermal energy, a non- burn process has been developed and tested. Putrefaction process in the food waste is arrested by destroying the enzymes, and the end product can be used as manure or source of fuel, as the treated waste retains nutrients and calorific value. Advantages are that it is environment friendly process; end products are reusable, and the saves on carbon dioxide and methane emission, essential part of burn technology. Being non- burn process it qualifies for carbon credit.
Book Synopsis Healthcare Waste rules and its Management and Handling in Delhi by : Laljee Verma
Download or read book Healthcare Waste rules and its Management and Handling in Delhi written by Laljee Verma and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Public Health, , language: English, abstract: Healthcare waste rules were promulgated in the year 1998, whereby the final cut-off date for instituting an effective system in hospitals was December 2002 but even in the middle of 2005 we find that the health care institutions are still grappling with the problem. The rues have been revised in 2016, with some amendments. Many initiatives have been taken but the situation still is not where one can say with confidence that healthcare wastes are disposed properly without adverse effect on the environment and without being a source of morbidity among the human population. Hospitals and nursing homes are mushrooming in any urban locality. We can take Delhi for example, where I have done some survey and study. Delhi has many health care units of all types, such as hospitals of all dimensions, nursing homes, large and small laboratories, blood banks, dental clinics, veterinary hospitals & clinics, dispensaries, and hospitals & units run on alternate system of medicine. There are about 40, 000 beds in Delhi in Govt and private sector. Quantity of waste generated is reported to range from mere 30 Gm per bed per day to 780 Gm per bed per day, with an average of 230 Gm per bed per day. These figures do not seem authentic since there is a very wide variation, and due to the fact that when segregation practices are not in vogue how can one be sure to have separately measured the healthcare waste. Therefore, these figures can at best be termed ‘guesstimates’. However, healthcare waste in Delhi would be approximately 9, 200 Kg per day. The actual figure may be higher considering many nursing homes are not registered.
