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Health Risk Assessments On Potential Pathogens In Land Applied Biosolids
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Book Synopsis Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids by : Clark D. Bennett
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Book Synopsis Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-Applied Biosolids by : Clark D. Bennett
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-Applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Book Synopsis Biosolids Applied to Land by : National Research Council
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-01 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Book Synopsis Problem Formulation for Human Health Risk Assessments of Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids by :
Download or read book Problem Formulation for Human Health Risk Assessments of Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Risk Assessment Modeling for Exposure to Land-applied Class B Biosolids by : Jingjie Teng
Download or read book Microbial Risk Assessment Modeling for Exposure to Land-applied Class B Biosolids written by Jingjie Teng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advisor: Patrick L. Gurian.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment by : Charles N. Haas
Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment
Book Synopsis A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids - Phase 1 by : J. M. Colford Jr
Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids - Phase 1 written by J. M. Colford Jr and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximum allowable levels for chemical contaminants in biosolids were developed for the Part 503 rule using risk-based methodologies. However, maximum allowable levels of microbiological contaminants in the Part 503 rule were based on specific treatment methodologies rather than risk levels, because it was determined at that time that risk assessment methodologies were not sufficiently developed. Given the current interest in the beneficial uses of biosolids and the projected rapid growth of biosolids reuse, there is increasing interest in the development of a microbial risk assessment methodology for regulatory and operational decision making. This document presents a methodology for assessing risks to human health from pathogens via exposure to biosolids. The methodology integrates two fundamental components: an exposure assessment component and a health risk component. The exposure assessment component is used to quantify pathogen levels in the environment and serves as input to the health effects component. The health effects component is used to quantify health risks using a model that explicitly accounts for properties unique to an infectious disease process, specifically secondary transmission and immunity. To demonstrate the applicability of these risk-based methods developed for biosolids exposure, numerical simulations were carried out for a case study example in which the route of exposure was direct consumption of biosolids-amended soil. The output from the case study yielded a decision tree that differentiates between conditions in which the risk from biosolids exposure is high and those conditions in which the relative risk from biosolids is low. This decision tree illustrates the interaction among the important factors in quantifying risk. For the case study example, those factors include biosolids treatment processes, the pathogen shedding rate of infectious individuals, secondary transmission and immunity. Further work in determining biosolids exposures is required before this methodology can be used in a comprehensive risk assessment. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Environmental Management by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Environmental Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosolids (appropriately treated sewage sludge) can make an important contribution to sustainable environmental management, through the return of organic material, trace elements, moisture and nutrients to our soils. The Guidelines for Environmental Management: Biosolids Land Application enables this beneficial use of biosolids, by providing a management framework that ensures any chemical and microbiological risks are appropriately managed.
Book Synopsis A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids by : John M. Colford
Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids written by John M. Colford and published by . This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Health Risk Assessment on the Consumption of Trace Metals Found in Crops Grown on Biosolids-amended Soil by :
Download or read book A Health Risk Assessment on the Consumption of Trace Metals Found in Crops Grown on Biosolids-amended Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Assessment Considerations in Land Application of Biosolids by : Afraa A. Abusalih
Download or read book Risk Assessment Considerations in Land Application of Biosolids written by Afraa A. Abusalih and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fate, Transport, and Risk Assessment of Biosolids-borne Triclosan (TCS) by : Manmeet Waria
Download or read book Fate, Transport, and Risk Assessment of Biosolids-borne Triclosan (TCS) written by Manmeet Waria and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No significant leaching of TCS occurred beyond the biosolids incorporation depth of 0 to 2.5 cm in amended soil. A preliminary (multi-pathway, multi-target) risk assessment identified American woodcock as the most sensitive species. A tier-2 assessment, utilizing less conservative estimates, suggested minimal risk of biosolids-borne TCS to human and environmental health, when biosolids are land applied in a sustainable manner.
Book Synopsis Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments by : National Research Council
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Author :United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :192 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Environmental Regulations and Technology by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development
Download or read book Environmental Regulations and Technology written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biosolids Treatment Processes by : Lawrence K. Wang
Download or read book Biosolids Treatment Processes written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of Biosolids Treatment Processes, is to cover entire environmental fields. These include air and noise pollution control, solid waste processing and resource recovery, physicochemical treatment processes, biological treatment processes, biosolids management, water resources, natural control processes, radioactive waste disposal and thermal pollution control. It also aims to employ a multimedia approach to environmental pollution control.
Book Synopsis Risks Associated with Pathogens in Composted Biosolids by : Robyn Gibbs
Download or read book Risks Associated with Pathogens in Composted Biosolids written by Robyn Gibbs and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wastewater Pathogens by : Michael H. Gerardi
Download or read book Wastewater Pathogens written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to wastewater pathogens The fourth volume in Wiley's Wastewater Microbiology series, Wastewater Pathogens offers wastewater personnel a practical guide that is free of overly technical jargon. Designed especially for operators, the text provides straight facts on the biology of treatment as well as appropriate protective measures. Coverage includes: * An overview of relevant history, hazards, and organisms * Viruses, bacteria, and fungi * Protozoa and helminthes * Ectoparasites and rodents * Aerosols, foam, and sludge * Disease transmission and the body's defenses * Removal, inactivation, and destruction of pathogens * Hygiene measures, protective equipment, and immunizations
