Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Health And Labor Force Participation Over The Life Cycle
Download Health And Labor Force Participation Over The Life Cycle full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Health And Labor Force Participation Over The Life Cycle ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Health and Labor Force Participation over the Life Cycle by : Dora L. Costa
Download or read book Health and Labor Force Participation over the Life Cycle written by Dora L. Costa and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century saw significant increases in both life expectancy and retirement rates-changes that have had dramatic impacts on nearly every aspect of society and the economy. Forecasting future trends in health and retirement rates, as we must do now, requires investigation of such long-term trends and their causes. To that end, this book draws on new data-an extensive longitudinal survey of Union Army veterans born between 1820 and 1850-to examine the factors that affected health and labor force participation in nineteenth-century America. Contributors consider the impacts of a variety of conditions-including social class, wealth, occupation, family, and community-on the morbidity and mortality of the group. The papers investigate and address a number of special topics, including the influence of previous exposure to infectious disease, migration, and community factors such as lead in water mains. They also analyze the roles of income, health, and social class in retirement decisions, paying particular attention to the social context of disability. Economists and historians who specialize in demography or labor, as well as those who study public health, will welcome the unique contributions offered by this book, which offers a clearer view than ever before of the workings and complexities of life, death, and labor during the nineteenth century.
Book Synopsis Aging and the Macroeconomy by : National Research Council
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Book Synopsis Women Working Longer by : Claudia Goldin
Download or read book Women Working Longer written by Claudia Goldin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, more American women than ever before stay in the workforce into their sixties and seventies. This trend emerged in the 1980s, and has persisted during the past three decades, despite substantial changes in macroeconomic conditions. Why is this so? Today’s older American women work full-time jobs at greater rates than women in other developed countries. In Women Working Longer, editors Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz assemble new research that presents fresh insights on the phenomenon of working longer. Their findings suggest that education and work experience earlier in life are connected to women’s later-in-life work. Other contributors to the volume investigate additional factors that may play a role in late-life labor supply, such as marital disruption, household finances, and access to retirement benefits. A pioneering study of recent trends in older women’s labor force participation, this collection offers insights valuable to a wide array of social scientists, employers, and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Life-cycle Labor Supply and Physiological Aging Across Countries by : Carl-Johan Dalgaard
Download or read book Life-cycle Labor Supply and Physiological Aging Across Countries written by Carl-Johan Dalgaard and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We construct a cohort-based frailty index for 181 countries over the period 1990-2019. We use this macro measure of physiological aging to estimate the impact of deteriorating health on labor force participation. Our three-dimensional panel framework, in which the unit of observation is a cohort in a given country at a given age, allows us to control for a range of unobserved factors. Our identification strategy further exploits a compensating law of physiological aging to account for reverse causality. We find a negative effect of physiological aging on labor market participation: a one percent increase in the frailty index leads to a reduction of labor force participation of about 0.6 percentage points. Since health deficits (in the frailty index) are accumulated at a rate of about 3 percent per year of life, almost all of the age-related decline in labor force participation can be motivated by deteriorating health.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Models of Health and Labor Supply in Later Life by :
Download or read book Dynamic Models of Health and Labor Supply in Later Life written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these essays, I develop and estimate life-cycle models aimed at explaining various patterns in labor supply behavior at older ages. The first study measures the extent to which later-life differences in health and disability risks across occupations affect retirement behavior and how these risks influence initial career choice. In the second essay, I look at the degree to which the changing composition of occupations over time---from more to less physically demanding---has contributed to the increase in labor force participation at older ages. The final study examines the effects of wage and health transition processes as well as the role of accrued work-related strain on the labor force participation decisions of older males, aimed particularly at accounting for the high rates of "reverse retirement" seen in the data.
Book Synopsis The Allocation of Time and Goods Over the Life Cycle by : Gilbert R. Ghez
Download or read book The Allocation of Time and Goods Over the Life Cycle written by Gilbert R. Ghez and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a belief now that family behavior over the life cycle can be analyzed by economic methods. This study deals with allocation of resources by families over time.
Book Synopsis Working Time in Comparative Perspective: Life-cycle working time and nonstandard work by :
Download or read book Working Time in Comparative Perspective: Life-cycle working time and nonstandard work written by and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2001 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven contributions from international researchers examine working time over the life cycle and nonstandard work arrangements in the U.S. and Canada. The papers were originally presented at a conference on working time held in Ottawa, Ontario in June of 1996. Topics include, for example, adults returning to school, moonlighting, self-employment for married females, the changing use of temporary workers, and early retirement. c. Book News Inc.
Book Synopsis Job Search Behavior at the End of the Life Cycle by : Hugo Benitez-Silva
Download or read book Job Search Behavior at the End of the Life Cycle written by Hugo Benitez-Silva and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents one of the first formal dynamic models of job search by older individuals. It also presents an empirical analysis of job search behavior among this population using the Health and Retirement Study. Several factors currently compound to make the topic of this research an important one in the agenda of the Economics of Aging: ongoing demographic, epidemiological, socio-economic, technological, and labor market trends indicate that older Americans are more likely to be labor force participants beyond traditional retirement ages. Increasing longevity, improving health, strong labor market conditions, increasing labor supply flexibility stemming from an increase in part-time work and self-employment and the use of technological advances to promote second careers, and increasing labor force participation, make the study of search behavior at the end of the life cycle, in a formal theoretical and empirical model, an important contribution. Our findings show that older Americans actively search for new jobs, both on the job and when out of work, and that previous work attachment and health limitations are key to understanding the different job search behavior of employed and non-employed individuals, as well as males and females.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis The Demographic Dividend by : David Bloom
Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Aging by : David A. Wise
Download or read book The Economics of Aging written by David A. Wise and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Aging presents results from an ongoing National Bureau of Economic Research project. Contributors consider the housing mobility and living arrangements of the elderly, their labor force participation and retirement, the economics of their health care, and their financial status. The goal of the research is to further our understanding both of the factors that determine the well-being of the elderly and of the consequences that follow from an increasingly older population with longer individual life spans. Each paper is accompanied by critical commentary.
Book Synopsis Men Without Work by : Nicholas Eberstadt
Download or read book Men Without Work written by Nicholas Eberstadt and published by Templeton Foundation Press. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By one reading, things look pretty good for Americans today: the country is richer than ever before and the unemployment rate is down by half since the Great Recession—lower today, in fact, than for most of the postwar era. But a closer look shows that something is going seriously wrong. This is the collapse of work—most especially among America’s men. Nicholas Eberstadt, a political economist who holds the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute, shows that while “unemployment” has gone down, America’s work rate is also lower today than a generation ago—and that the work rate for US men has been spiraling downward for half a century. Astonishingly, the work rate for American males aged twenty-five to fifty-four—or “men of prime working age”—was actually slightly lower in 2015 than it had been in 1940: before the War, and at the tail end of the Great Depression. Today, nearly one in six prime working age men has no paid work at all—and nearly one in eight is out of the labor force entirely, neither working nor even looking for work. This new normal of “men without work,” argues Eberstadt, is “America’s invisible crisis.” So who are these men? How did they get there? What are they doing with their time? And what are the implications of this exit from work for American society? Nicholas Eberstadt lays out the issue and Jared Bernstein from the left and Henry Olsen from the right offer their responses to this national crisis. For more information, please visit http://menwithoutwork.com.
Book Synopsis Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa by : National Research Council
Download or read book Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.
Book Synopsis Social Epidemiology by : Lisa F. Berkman
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Book Synopsis Analyses in the Economics of Aging by : David A. Wise
Download or read book Analyses in the Economics of Aging written by David A. Wise and published by . This book was released on 2005-08-03 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing new research on a range of topics on the theme of the relationship between economics & aging, this volume offers various perspectives on savings & retirement behaviours across the world.
Book Synopsis Influence of Work Patterns and Work Characteristics on Women's Later Life Physical Functioning by : Aimee Joy Palumbo
Download or read book Influence of Work Patterns and Work Characteristics on Women's Later Life Physical Functioning written by Aimee Joy Palumbo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The composition of the American labor force has changed dramatically over the past 60 years. Currently, women make up almost half of the labor force, compared to 34% in 1950. Participation rates of mothers with children under 3 years increased from 34% in 1975 to 59% in 2005. Between 2001 and 2014, participation rates for women over age 55 increased from 26% to 35%. This study explores the relation of life course work patterns, work characteristics, and their interaction, with risk of physical limitations in postmenopausal women. US women between the ages of 50 and 79 were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998. Women provided job titles, ages, and years worked at 3 longest held jobs. Latent class analysis identified four distinct patterns of work based on reported age and duration of each job, and ages at first and last birth: continuous participation (40%), later life employment (28%), intermittent employment (24%), and early exit (8%). Job classification was linked to occupation-specific characteristics in the Occupational Information Network (O*Net). Factor analysis was conducted to identify categories and values of job characteristics; three categories of work characteristics related to substantive complexity, physical demand, and social collaboration emerged. Substantial physical limitations at enrollment were measured using the 25th percentile of SF-36 Physical Functioning scores. The risk of substantial physical limitations associated with work pattern and work characteristics was examined using modified Poisson regression. Compared to women who worked continuously, women who left the workforce early had an 8% increased risk and women who worked intermittently had a 5% reduced risk of substantial physical limitations, after adjusting for confounders including age, race, marital status, number of children and education. Substantive complexity of work was associated with a 6% reduced risk of physical limitations; high physical demand increased risk of physical limitations by 9%; and social collaboration had no statistically significant effect. Substantive complexity of work moderated the association between work pattern and physical limitations. The effect of work pattern was generally more pronounced among women with substantively complex jobs; intermittent work force participation had a stronger protective effect for women with substantively complex work than it did for women with non-substantively complex work. Additionally, a qualitative interaction was observed for later life workforce participation, which was associated with an increased risk of physical limitations compared to continuous participation only for women with non-substantively complex jobs. For women, the pattern and characteristics of work over the life course are important predictors of physical functioning later in life. Future epidemiologic studies of women's workforce participation should incorporate information on work patterns and work characteristics. Employers should enable workers more opportunities to express ideas, solve problems, and learn new skills; such opportunities may improve the psychosocial work atmosphere and subsequent health of workers. Women may also benefit from flexible work patterns that allow them to meet family caretaking demands at various points in their lives, highlighting the need for policies that support women and families in the workforce. Improving working conditions and enabling flexibility in workforce participation may improve the health and functioning of US women as they age.
Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council
Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
