Hc 808 Implementing Reforms To Civil Legal Aid

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HC 808 - Implementing Reforms to Civil Legal Aid

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215081234
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 808 - Implementing Reforms to Civil Legal Aid by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 808 - Implementing Reforms to Civil Legal Aid written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ministry of Justice is on track to make a significant and rapid reduction to the amount that it spends on civil legal aid. However, it introduced major changes on the basis of no evidence in many areas, and without making good use of the evidence that it did have in other areas. It has been slow to fill the considerable gaps in its understanding, and has not properly assessed the full impact of the reforms. Almost two years after the reforms, the Ministry is still playing catch up: it does not know if those still eligible are able to access legal aid; and it does not understand the link between the price it pays for legal aid and the quality of advice being given. Moreover, the Ministry's approach to implementing the reforms has inhibited access to mediation for family law cases which can be a cost-effective alternative to court for resolving disputes. Amazingly, it failed to foresee that removing legal aid funding for solicitors would reduce the number of referrals to family mediation. Perhaps most worryingly of all, it does not understand, and has shown little interest in, the knock-on costs of its reforms across the public sector. It therefore does not know whether the projected £300 million spending reduction in its own budget is outweighed by additional costs elsewhere. The Department therefore does not know whether the savings in the civil legal aid budget represent value for money

HC 311 - Impact of Changes to Civil Legal Aid Under Part 1 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Acvt 2012

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215084063
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 311 - Impact of Changes to Civil Legal Aid Under Part 1 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Acvt 2012 by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee

Download or read book HC 311 - Impact of Changes to Civil Legal Aid Under Part 1 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Acvt 2012 written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the reforms came into effect, there has been a significant underspend in the civil legal aid budget because the MoJ failed to ensure that those who are eligible for legal aid are able to access it. This has been partly been due to a lack of public information, including information about the Civil Legal Advice telephone gateway for debt advice, and the Committee recommends that the MoJ take prompt steps to redress this. The Committee also concludes that the exceptional cases funding scheme has not worked as Parliament intended. It was supposed to act as a safety net, protecting access to justice for the most vulnerable. The Committee expects the MoJ to react rapidly to ensure that the scheme fulfils Parliament's intention that the most vulnerable people are able to access legal assistance. The Government's reforms have led to an increase in the number and a change in the profile of litigants in person: increasingly these are people who have no choice but to represent themselves, and who may thus have difficulty in doing so effectively: although many tribunals are accustomed to dealing with unrepresented litigants the courts have to expend more resources in order to assist them. The MoJ has not been able to demonstrate that it has achieved value for money for the taxpayer. Although significant savings have been achieved, efforts to target legal aid at those who most need it have focused on intervention aimed at the point after a crisis has already developed, rather than on prevention.

Delivering Dispute Resolution

Author : Christopher Hodges
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509916911
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Delivering Dispute Resolution by : Christopher Hodges

Download or read book Delivering Dispute Resolution written by Christopher Hodges and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the techniques, mechanisms and architectures of the way disputes are processed in England and Wales. Adopting a comparative approach, it evaluates the current state of the main different types of dispute resolution systems, including business, consumer, personal injury, family, property, employment and claims against the state. It provides a holistic overview of the whole system and suggests both systemic and detailed reforms. Examining dispute resolution pathways from users' perspectives, the book highlights options such as ombudsmen, regulators, tribunals and courts as well as mediation and other ADR and ODR approaches. It maps numerous sectoral developments to see if learning might be spread to other sectors. Several recurrent themes arise, including the diversification in the use of techniques; adoption of digital, online and artificial technology; cost and funding constraints; the emergence of new intermediaries; the need to focus accessibility arrangements for people and businesses that need help with their problems; and identifying effective ways for achieving behavioural change. This timely study analyses the shift from adversarial legalism to softer means of resolving social problems, and points to a major opportunity to devise an imaginative and holistic strategic vision for the jurisdiction. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.

Vulnerable Consumers and the Law

Author : Christine Riefa
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000209709
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Vulnerable Consumers and the Law by : Christine Riefa

Download or read book Vulnerable Consumers and the Law written by Christine Riefa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book charts the difficulties encountered by vulnerable consumers in their access to justice, through the contributions of prominent authors (academic, practitioners and consultants) in the field of consumer law and access to justice. It demonstrates that despite the development of ADR, access to justice is still severely lacking for the vulnerable consumer. The book highlights that a broad understanding of access to justice, which encompasses good regulation and its public enforcement, is an essential ingredient alongside access to the mechanisms of traditional private justice (courts and ADR) to protect the vulnerable consumer. Indeed, many of the difficulties are linked to normative obstacles and lack of access to justice is primarily a vulnerability in itself that can exacerbate existing ones. In addition, because it may contribute to ‘pushing’ already vulnerable consumers into social exclusion it is not simply about economic justice but also about social justice. The book shows that lack of access to justice is not irreversible nor is it necessarily linked to consumer apathy. New technologies could provide solutions. The book concludes with a plea for developing ‘inclusive’ justice systems with more emphasis on public enforcement alongside effective courts systems to offer the vulnerable with adequate means to defend themselves. This book will be suitable for both students and practitioners, and all those with an interest in the justice system.

The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Family Law

Author : Shazia Choudhry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107167531
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Family Law by : Shazia Choudhry

Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Family Law written by Shazia Choudhry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive overview of the key issues facing family law globally, and explores how different countries have tackled them.

Outcome-Based Cooperation

Author : Christopher Hodges
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509962506
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Outcome-Based Cooperation by : Christopher Hodges

Download or read book Outcome-Based Cooperation written by Christopher Hodges and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we cooperate – in social, local, business, and state communities? This book proposes an Outcome-Based Cooperative Model, in which all stakeholders work together on the basis of trust and respect to achieve shared aims and outcomes. The Outcome-Based Cooperative Model is built up from an extensive analysis of behavioural and social psychology, genetic anthropology, research into behaviour and culture in societies, organisations, regulation, and enforcement. The starting point is acceptance that humanity is facing ever larger risks, which are now systemic and even existential. To overcome the challenges, humans need to cooperate more, rather than compete, alienate, or draw apart. Answering how we do that requires basing ourselves, our institutions, and systems on relationships that are built on trust. Trust is based on evidence that we can be trusted to behave well (ethically), built up over time. We should aim to agree common goals and outcomes, moderating those that conflict, produce evidence that we can be trusted, and examine our performance in achieving the right outcomes, rather than harmful ones. The implications are that we need to do more in rebasing our relationships in local groupings, business organisations, regulation, and dispute resolution. The book examines recent systems and developments in all these areas, and makes proposals of profound importance for reform. This is a new blueprint for liberty, solidarity, performance, and achievement.

The Death of Public Knowledge?

Author : Aeron Davis
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 1906897395
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis The Death of Public Knowledge? by : Aeron Davis

Download or read book The Death of Public Knowledge? written by Aeron Davis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of short, sharp essays exploring the value of shared and accessible public knowledge in the face of its erosion. The Death of Public Knowledge argues for the value and importance of shared, publicly accessible knowledge, and suggests that the erosion of its most visible forms, including public service broadcasting, education, and the network of public libraries, has worrying outcomes for democracy. With contributions from both activists and academics, this collection of short, sharp essays focuses on different aspects of public knowledge, from libraries and education to news media and public policy. Together, the contributors record the stresses and strains placed upon public knowledge by funding cuts and austerity, the new digital economy, quantification and target-setting, neoliberal politics, and inequality. These pressures, the authors contend, not only hinder democracies, but also undermine markets, economies, and social institutions and spaces everywhere. Covering areas of international public concern, these polemical, accessible texts include reflections on the fate of schools and education, the takeover of public institutions by private interests, and the corruption of news and information in the financial sector. They cover the compromised Greek media during recent EU negotiations, the role played by media and political elites in the Irish property bubble, the compromising of government policy by corporate interests in the United States and Korea, and the squeeze on public service media in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States. Individually and collectively, these pieces spell out the importance of maintaining public, shared knowledge in all its forms, and offer a rallying cry for doing so, asserting the need for strong public, financial, and regulatory support. Contributors Toril Aalberg, Ian Anstice, Philip Augar, Rodney Benson, Aeron Davis, Des Freedman, Wayne Hope, Ken Jones, Bong-hyun Lee, Colin Leys, Andrew McGettigan, Michael Moran, Aristotelis Nikolaidis, Justin Schlosberg, Henry Silke, Roger Smith, Peter Thompson, Janine R. Wedel, Karel Williams, Kate Wright

HC 892 - The Effective Management of Tax Reliefs

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215085582
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 892 - The Effective Management of Tax Reliefs by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 892 - The Effective Management of Tax Reliefs written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax and tax reliefs are plainly different and require different accountability arrangements. Put simply tax is where you get money in through taxation and a tax relief is where you make a conscious decision to forgo that income. Some reliefs are structural parts of the system to ensure a more progressive system or avoid double taxation. But other reliefs, costing some £100 billion a year, are designed to deliver a policy objective that could be met instead through spending programmes. HM Treasury and HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) do not keep track of those tax reliefs intended to influence behaviour. They do not adequately report to Parliament or the public on whether reliefs are working as intended and what they cost and whether they represent good value for money. While HMRC is accountable for implementing and monitoring all tax reliefs, its statements about the extent of its responsibilities are inconsistent with its actual practices. HMRC accepts it has a role to assess, evaluate and monitor reliefs, but is unable or unwilling to define or to categorise reliefs by their purpose. While HMRC accepts the need for reporting the costs of tax reliefs, it does not see the merit in assessing the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of reliefs, or considering their cost effectiveness alongside that of alternative policy instruments such as spending programmes. HMRC does not generally assess the effectiveness of reliefs with specific objectives although in a few instances it does consider their impact on taxpayer behaviour. HMRC's failure to articulate a set of principles to guide its management and reporting of tax reliefs is a serious omission which it now needs to rectify.

HC 973 - Care Services for People with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215085647
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 973 - Care Services for People with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 973 - Care Services for People with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Winterbourne View scandal in 2011 exposed the horrific abuse of people with learning difficulties and challenging behaviour in a private mental health hospital. Concerns were also raised about a number of other institutions. As a result, the Government committed to discharging those individuals for whom it was appropriate back into their homes and communities. However, since then, too many children and adults have continued to go into mental health hospitals, and to stay there unnecessarily, because of the lack of community alternatives. The number of people with learning disabilities remaining in hospital has not fallen, and has remained broadly the same at around 3,200. It was refreshing that NHS England took responsibility for this lack of progress and has now committed to develop a closure programme for large NHS mental health hospitals, along with a transition plan for the people with learning disabilities within these hospitals, from 2016-17. Discharges from hospital are being delayed because funding does not follow the individual when they are discharged into the community. This acts as a financial disincentive for local commissioners who have to bear the costs and responsibility for planning and commissioning community services. Delaying discharge has the effect of institutionalising people, making their reintegration into the community more difficult. Some local authorities' reluctance to accept and fund individuals in the community will be exacerbated by current financial constraints. The Department should set out its proposals for 'dowry-type' payments from NHS England to meet the costs of supporting people discharged from hospital.

Private Law and Power

Author : Kit Barker
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509906010
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Law and Power by : Kit Barker

Download or read book Private Law and Power written by Kit Barker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this edited collection of essays is to examine the relationship between private law and power – both the public power of the state and the 'private' power of institutions and individuals. It describes and critically assesses the way that private law doctrines, institutions, processes and rules express, moderate, facilitate and control relationships of power. The various chapters of this work examine the dynamics of the relationship between private law and power from a number of different perspectives – historical, theoretical, doctrinal and comparative. They have been commissioned from leading experts in the field of private law, from several different Commonwealth Jurisdictions (Australia, the UK, Canada and New Zealand), each with expertise in the particular sphere of their contribution. They aim to illuminate the past and assist in resolving some contemporary, difficult legal issues relating to the shape, scope and content of private law and its difficult relationship with power.

No-Fault Approaches in the NHS

Author : Sonia Macleod
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509916660
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis No-Fault Approaches in the NHS by : Sonia Macleod

Download or read book No-Fault Approaches in the NHS written by Sonia Macleod and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how concerns can be raised about the NHS, why raising concerns hasn't always improved standards, and how a no-fault open culture approach could drive improvements. The book describes a wide range of mechanisms for raising concerns about the NHS, including complaints, the ombudsman, litigation, HSIB, and the major inquiries since 2000, across the various UK jurisdictions. The NHS approach is contextualised within the broader societal developments in dispute resolution, accountability, and regulation. The authors take a holistic view, and outline practical solutions for reforming how the NHS responds to problems. These should improve the situation for those raising concerns and for those working within the NHS, as well as providing cost savings. The no-fault approaches proposed in the book provide long-term sustainable solutions to systemic problems, which are particularly timely given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NHS. The book will be of interest to academics, researchers, ADR practitioners, practising lawyers, and policy makers.

The Local Prevention of Terrorism

Author : Joshua J. Skoczylis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 113749901X
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis The Local Prevention of Terrorism by : Joshua J. Skoczylis

Download or read book The Local Prevention of Terrorism written by Joshua J. Skoczylis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the success and failures of the Prevent strategy, which was developed by the UK Government to help stop people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. It provides a holistic overview of the policy's formation, delivery and impact on Muslim communities.

HC 737 - Strategic Flood Risk Management

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215084489
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 737 - Strategic Flood Risk Management by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 737 - Strategic Flood Risk Management written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given financial constraints, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency have done a good job in improving the cost effectiveness of their approach to flood risk management. They have adopted rational methods to prioritise spending on both new capital flood defences and maintaining existing ones. However, risks remain to the sustainability of current levels of flood protection. The Agency will need to make difficult decisions about how it prioritises its maintenance budget, including some defences where it will need to reduce or stop maintenance. In these cases, there is a risk that lack of maintenance will mean that capital costs are incurred sooner, when defences require replacement earlier. Since our evidence session, the Agency has published a long term investment strategy, which presents a number of flooding scenarios and outlines how much funding would be needed to protect against these.

HC 971 - An Update on Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 021508425X
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 971 - An Update on Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 971 - An Update on Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The taxpayer has been left exposed by the failure of the Hinchingbrooke franchise according to the Public Accounts Committee's report. In February 2012, Circle took operational control of Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, becoming the first private company to run an NHS hospital. In January 2013, the Committee expressed concerns that Circle's bid to run Hinchingbrooke had not been properly risk assessed and was based on overly optimistic and unachievable savings projections. The Department of Health responded that the NHS Trust Development Authority would monitor progress and take action if the Trust was failing to deliver on its plans to make the hospital financially sustainable. In the event, Circle was not able to make the Trust sustainable and the NHS Trust Development Authority did not take effective action to protect the taxpayer. In January 2015, Circle announced that it intended to withdraw from the contract, just three years into the 10-year franchise. It was clear at the time the franchise was let that the Trust would only survive if it secured substantial savings. The Comptroller and Auditor General's 2012 report highlighted that the savings projected in Circle's bid were unprecedented as a percentage of annual turnover in the NHS.

Supporting Children when Parents Separate

Author : Murch, Mervyn
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447345975
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Supporting Children when Parents Separate by : Murch, Mervyn

Download or read book Supporting Children when Parents Separate written by Murch, Mervyn and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After years of research and reflection on the work of the interdisciplinary family justice system Mervyn Murch offers a fresh approach to supporting the thousands of children every year who experience a complex form of bereavement following parental separation and divorce. This stressful family change, combined with the loss of support due to austerity cuts, can damage their education, well-being, mental health and long-term life chances. Murch argues for early preventative intervention which responds to children's worries when they first present them, without waiting until things have gone badly wrong. His radical proposals for reform involve a much more coordinated and joined up approach by schools, the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. This book encourages practitioners and academics to look outside their professional silos and to see the world through the eyes of children in crisis to enable services to offer direct support in a manner and at a time when it is most needed.

The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy

Author : Scott Nicholas Romaniuk
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137557699
Total Pages : 1084 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy by : Scott Nicholas Romaniuk

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy written by Scott Nicholas Romaniuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy examines a comprehensive range of counterterrorism policies, strategies, and practices across dozens of states and actors around the world. It covers the topics of terrorism and counterterrorism both thematically and by region, allowing for discussions about the underpinning dynamics of these fields, consideration of how terrorism and counterterrorism are evolving in the modern period, and in-depth analyses of individual states and non-state actors, and their approaches to countering terrorism and terrorist threats. It draws upon a multidisciplinary range of established scholars and upcoming new researchers from across multiple fields including political science and international relations, sociology, and history, examining both theory and practice in their respective chapters. This volume is an essential resource for scholars and practitioners alike.

HC 1141 - The Work of the Committee of Public Accounts 2010-15

Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215085779
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 1141 - The Work of the Committee of Public Accounts 2010-15 by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts

Download or read book HC 1141 - The Work of the Committee of Public Accounts 2010-15 written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises the key areas of the Committee's work over the past five years. It draws out the areas where progress has been made and where their successors might wish to press in future. The Committee has assiduously followed the taxpayer's pound wherever it was spent. Since 2010 they held 276 evidence sessions and published 244 unanimous reports to hold government to account for its performance. 88% of their recommendations were accepted by departments. In many cases they successfully secured substantial changes, for example with the once secret tax avoidance industry. They secured consensus from government and from industry that private providers of public services do have a duty of care to the taxpayer, and in pushing the protection of whistleblowers further up the agenda of all government departments. By drawing attention to mistakes in the Department for Transport's procurement of the West Coast Mainline, more recent procurements for Crossrail, Thameslink and Intercity Express have all benefited from more expert advice and a more appropriate level of challenge from senior staff. After discovery in 2012-13 that 63% of calls to government call centres were to higher rate telephone numbers, the Government accepted our recommendation that telephone lines serving vulnerable and low income groups never be charged above the geographic rate and that 03 numbers should be available for all government telephone lines. They also secured a commitment to close large mental health hospitals.