Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Hardware Mechanisms To Support Concurrent Threads On Risc And Superscalar Multiprocessors
Download Hardware Mechanisms To Support Concurrent Threads On Risc And Superscalar Multiprocessors full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Hardware Mechanisms To Support Concurrent Threads On Risc And Superscalar Multiprocessors ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Hardware Mechanisms to Support Concurrent Threads on RISC and Superscalar Multiprocessors by : Lawrence Mennemeier
Download or read book Hardware Mechanisms to Support Concurrent Threads on RISC and Superscalar Multiprocessors written by Lawrence Mennemeier and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Instruction Issue Mechanism for Superscalar Processors Supporting Multiple Threads by : Salil Kumar
Download or read book An Instruction Issue Mechanism for Superscalar Processors Supporting Multiple Threads written by Salil Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Massively Parallel Architecture for Associative-based Artificial Intelligence by : James D. Roberts
Download or read book A Massively Parallel Architecture for Associative-based Artificial Intelligence written by James D. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Processor Design by : John Paul Shen
Download or read book Modern Processor Design written by John Paul Shen and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conceptual and precise, Modern Processor Design brings together numerous microarchitectural techniques in a clear, understandable framework that is easily accessible to both graduate and undergraduate students. Complex practices are distilled into foundational principles to reveal the authors insights and hands-on experience in the effective design of contemporary high-performance micro-processors for mobile, desktop, and server markets. Key theoretical and foundational principles are presented in a systematic way to ensure comprehension of important implementation issues. The text presents fundamental concepts and foundational techniques such as processor design, pipelined processors, memory and I/O systems, and especially superscalar organization and implementations. Two case studies and an extensive survey of actual commercial superscalar processors reveal real-world developments in processor design and performance. A thorough overview of advanced instruction flow techniques, including developments in advanced branch predictors, is incorporated. Each chapter concludes with homework problems that will institute the groundwork for emerging techniques in the field and an introduction to multiprocessor systems.
Author :Robert A. Iannucci Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780792394778 Total Pages :436 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (947 download)
Book Synopsis Multithreaded Computer Architecture: A Summary of the State of the ART by : Robert A. Iannucci
Download or read book Multithreaded Computer Architecture: A Summary of the State of the ART written by Robert A. Iannucci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-09-30 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multithreaded computer architecture has emerged as one of the most promising and exciting avenues for the exploitation of parallelism. This new field represents the confluence of several independent research directions which have united over a common set of issues and techniques. Multithreading draws on recent advances in dataflow, RISC, compiling for fine-grained parallel execution, and dynamic resource management. It offers the hope of dramatic performance increases through parallel execution for a broad spectrum of significant applications based on extensions to `traditional' approaches. Multithreaded Computer Architecture is divided into four parts, reflecting four major perspectives on the topic. Part I provides the reader with basic background information, definitions, and surveys of work which have in one way or another been pivotal in defining and shaping multithreading as an architectural discipline. Part II examines key elements of multithreading, highlighting the fundamental nature of latency and synchronization. This section presents clever techniques for hiding latency and supporting large synchronization name spaces. Part III looks at three major multithreaded systems, considering issues of machine organization and compilation strategy. Part IV concludes the volume with an analysis of multithreaded architectures, showcasing methodologies and actual measurements. Multithreaded Computer Architecture: A Summary of the State of the Art is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.
Book Synopsis Management of Shared Resources in Multi-threading by : Yilin Zhang
Download or read book Management of Shared Resources in Multi-threading written by Yilin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the traditional superscalar processors, Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) offers an improved mechanism to enhance the overall performance by exploiting Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) to overcome the limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP), and a multi-core system with multiple independent processors is capable in utilizing job-level parallelism by allowing multiple jobs to be processed currently. The most common characteristic of parallel systems is the sharing of key datapath components among multiple independent threads/jobs in order to better utilize the resources. In an SMT system, due to the various characteristics of each thread, the occupation of the shared resources can be very unbalanced. Our research is aiming to solve this problem and to make efficient resource allocation among threads. Our investigation shows that among the resources in an SMT system, physical register file, Issue Queue (IQ) and write buffer are the most critical resources that are shared among threads. There are several approaches proposed in this dissertation: Register File Allocation, Instruction Recalling, Speculative Trace Control, Autonomous IQ Usage Control, Write Buffer Capping and Integrated Shared Resources Control. To better utilize the physical register file, we limit the maximal number of physical registers that a thread is allowed to occupy at any time, so as to eliminate the overwhelming occupation caused by a single thread. Several techniques have been proposed in order to improve the utilization of IQ: (1) to reduce the IQ occupation of the inactive thread, we introduce Instruction Recalling to remove those long-latency instructions; (2) to reduce the wastes of resources caused by the wrong-way trace due to a branch miss prediction, we propose an algorithm to control the amount of speculative instructions from a thread to be dispatched and executed in the pipeline, the so-called Speculative Trace Control technique; and (3) to remove the environment dependency of a technique, we introduced Autonomous Control to adjust the IQ distribution based on the real-time performance output. The write buffer is another shared resource which is easily unfairly occupied. Write Buffer Capping is a technique which prevents any threads from overwhelmingly occupying the write buffer by setting a cap value on the maximal amount of write buffer entries that a thread is allowed to take. The Integrated Shared Resource Management takes the above factors into consideration and manages the usage of the most critical shared resources (physical register file, IQ and write buffer) simultaneously for each thread, providing even significant enhancement with relative small hardware investment. In a multi-core system, memory and the interconnection network are shared among processors and their performances are key to the overall throughput of the system. In the last chapter we further extend our analysis on the impact that different interconnection networks impose on the whole system's overall performance. We show that the tradeoff between latency and concurrent access capacity may become a critical deciding factor in choosing the correct size of network for applications with different memory traffic demands.
Book Synopsis Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition by : David A. Patterson
Download or read book Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition written by David A. Patterson and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. - Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems - Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud
Book Synopsis Architectural Support for Efficient On-chip Parallel Execution by : Jeffery Alan Brown
Download or read book Architectural Support for Efficient On-chip Parallel Execution written by Jeffery Alan Brown and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploitation of parallelism has for decades been central to the pursuit of computing performance. This is evident in many facets of processor design: in pipelined execution, superscalar dispatch, pipelined and banked memory subsystems, multithreading, and more recently, in the proliferation of cores within chip multiprocessors (CMPs). As designs have evolved, and the parallelism dividend of each technique have been exhausted, designers have turned to other techniques in search of ever more parallelism. The recent shift to multi-core designs is a profound one, since available parallelism promises to scale farther than at prior levels, limited by interconnect degree and thermal constraints. This explosion in parallelism necessitates changes in how hardware and software interact. In this dissertation, I focus on hardware aspects of this interaction, providing support for efficient on-chip parallel execution in the face of increasing core counts. First, I introduce a mechanism for coping with increasing memory latencies in multithreaded processors. While prior designs coped well with instruction latencies in the low tens of cycles, I show that long latencies associated with stalls for main memory access lead to pathological resource hoarding and performance degradation. I demonstrate a reactive solution which more than doubles throughput for two-thread workloads. Next, I reconsider the design of coherence subsystems for CMPs. I show that implementation of a traditional directory protocol on a CMP fails to take advantage of the latency and bandwidth landscape typical of CMPs. Then, I propose a CMP-specific customization of directory-based coherence, and use it to demonstrate overall speedup, reduced miss latency, and decreased interconnect utilization. I then focus on improving hardware support for multithreading itself, specifically for thread scheduling, creation, and migration. I approach this from two complementary directions. First, I augment a CMP with support for rapidly transferring register state between execution pipelines and off-core thread storage. I demonstrate performance improvement from accelerated inter-core threading, both by scheduling around long-latency stalls as they occur, and by running a conventional multi-thread scheduler at higher sample rates than would be possible with software alone. Second, I consider a key bottleneck for newly-forked and newly-rescheduled threads: the lack of useful cached working sets, and the inability of conventional hardware to quickly construct those sets. I propose a solution which uses small hardware tables that monitor the behavior of executing threads, prepares working-set summaries on demand, and then uses those summaries to rapidly prefetch working sets when threads are forked or migrated. These techniques as much as double the performance of newly-migrated threads.
Download or read book MISC written by James D. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Architectural Support for Multithreading on a 4-way Multiprocessor by : Gwang-Myung Kim
Download or read book Architectural Support for Multithreading on a 4-way Multiprocessor written by Gwang-Myung Kim and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microprocessors will have more than a billion logic transistors on a single chip in the near future. Several alternatives have been suggested for obtaining highest performance with billion-transistor chips. To achieve the highest performance possible, an on-chip multiprocessor will become one promising alternative to the current superscalar microprocessor. It may execute multiple threads effectively on multiple processors in parallel if the application program is parallelized properly. This increases the utilization of the processor and provides latency tolerance for the latency caused from data dependency and cache misses. The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) in South Korea developed an on-chip multiprocessor RAPTOR Simulator "RapSim", which contains four SPARC microprocessor cores in it. To support this 4-way multiprocessor simulator, Multithreaded Mini Operating System (MMOS) was developed by OSU MMOS group. RapSim runs multiple threads on multiple processor cores concurrently. POSIX threads was used to build Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) safe Pthreads package, called MMOS. Benchmarks should be properly parallelized by the programmer to run multiple threads across the multiple processors simultaneously. Performance simulation results shows the RAPTOR can exploit thread level parallelism effectively and offer a promising architecture for future on-chip multiprocessor designs.
Book Synopsis Programming Many-Core Chips by : András Vajda
Download or read book Programming Many-Core Chips written by András Vajda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new concepts, techniques and promising programming models for designing software for chips with "many" (hundreds to thousands) processor cores. Given the scale of parallelism inherent to these chips, software designers face new challenges in terms of operating systems, middleware and applications. This will serve as an invaluable, single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in programming many-core chips. Coverage includes many-core architectures, operating systems, middleware, and programming models.
Book Synopsis Processor Architecture by : Jurij Silc
Download or read book Processor Architecture written by Jurij Silc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of architectural mechanisms and implementation techniques for exploiting fine- and coarse-grained parallelism within microprocessors. Beginning with a review of past techniques, the monograph provides a comprehensive account of state-of-the-art techniques used in microprocessors, covering both the concepts involved and implementations in sample processors. The whole is rounded off with a thorough review of the research techniques that will lead to future microprocessors. XXXXXXX Neuer Text This monograph surveys architectural mechanisms and implementation techniques for exploiting fine-grained and coarse-grained parallelism within microprocessors. It presents a comprehensive account of state-of-the-art techniques used in microprocessors that covers both the concepts involved and possible implementations. The authors also provide application-oriented methods and a thorough review of the research techniques that will lead to the development of future processors.
Book Synopsis Computer Architecture by : John L. Hennessy
Download or read book Computer Architecture written by John L. Hennessy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The computing world is in the middle of a revolution: mobile clients and cloud computing have emerged as the dominant paradigms driving programming and hardware innovation. This book focuses on the shift, exploring the ways in which software and technology in the 'cloud' are accessed by cell phones, tablets, laptops, and more
Book Synopsis Is Parallel Programming Hard by : Paul E. McKenney
Download or read book Is Parallel Programming Hard written by Paul E. McKenney and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 by : David R. Kaeli
Download or read book Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 written by David R. Kaeli and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 teaches OpenCL and parallel programming for complex systems that may include a variety of device architectures: multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units (APUs). This fully-revised edition includes the latest enhancements in OpenCL 2.0 including: • Shared virtual memory to increase programming flexibility and reduce data transfers that consume resources • Dynamic parallelism which reduces processor load and avoids bottlenecks • Improved imaging support and integration with OpenGL Designed to work on multiple platforms, OpenCL will help you more effectively program for a heterogeneous future. Written by leaders in the parallel computing and OpenCL communities, this book explores memory spaces, optimization techniques, extensions, debugging and profiling. Multiple case studies and examples illustrate high-performance algorithms, distributing work across heterogeneous systems, embedded domain-specific languages, and will give you hands-on OpenCL experience to address a range of fundamental parallel algorithms. Updated content to cover the latest developments in OpenCL 2.0, including improvements in memory handling, parallelism, and imaging support Explanations of principles and strategies to learn parallel programming with OpenCL, from understanding the abstraction models to thoroughly testing and debugging complete applications Example code covering image analytics, web plugins, particle simulations, video editing, performance optimization, and more
Book Synopsis IEICE Transactions on Electronics by :
Download or read book IEICE Transactions on Electronics written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
