Hanoi Streets 1985 2015

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Hanoi Streets 1985-2015

Author : William Crawford
Publisher : Images Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781864707861
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Hanoi Streets 1985-2015 by : William Crawford

Download or read book Hanoi Streets 1985-2015 written by William Crawford and published by Images Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Close to 200 beautiful portraits and landscape photographs documenting Hanoi's transformation from 1985 to 2015 - Visually compelling record of a city's post-war evolution over the course of three decades, well before the 'tourist boom' and a glimpse into how a city has become modernized - Intimate and candid portraits of people in their home settings, street scenes, urban architecture, and the city's surrounding countryside - One of very few Western photographers to gain access to post-war North Vietnam - Detailed captions provide a strong sense of place and context, reflecting historical references and evocative changes to the landscape; a complete study over time Documentary photographer William E. Crawford spent three decades documenting Vietnam, and in particular Hanoi, its people and the surrounding countryside. As one of the very first Western photographers to work in post-war North Vietnam, Crawford was drawn back to the country numerous times at regular intervals between 1985 and 2015 to record this fascinating country's culture, people, and society with beautiful, compelling and intimate photographs, concentrating on colonial and indigenous architecture, urban details, portraits, and landscapes. In 1986, the Vietnam's Communist leadership began to shift from a Soviet-style central planning model toward free-market economic reforms. As a result, Hanoi has been transformed over the last three decades, becoming an example of how traditional Asian and developing cities have often been torn down or allowed to crumble - only to re-emerge in a 'modernized' form. Unlike photo-journalism, which is interested in the theatre of the moment, Crawford's evocative and powerful photography chronicles life throughout Hanoi and its surroundings over the course of the last three decades. Filled with full-color photographs and informative essays on his experiences and the people he encountered, Crawford's work - showcased in this beautifully presented volume - provides a unique visual catalogue of the evolution of a city and its inhabitants, and particularly the complex historical area known as The 36 Streets.

Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia

Author : Scott Hipsher
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811059489
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia by : Scott Hipsher

Download or read book Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia written by Scott Hipsher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the issue of poverty reduction within mainland Southeast Asia with a specific focus on the impact of the private sector and tourism. Covering Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Yunnan, the book discusses how success in poverty reduction has come about largely through innovation in the private sector, foreign investment and the move toward more market based economic policies as opposed to foreign aid, or interventions by international development programs, to reduce poverty in the region.

Sociological Perspectives on Media Piracy in the Philippines and Vietnam

Author : Vivencio O. Ballano
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9812879226
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Sociological Perspectives on Media Piracy in the Philippines and Vietnam by : Vivencio O. Ballano

Download or read book Sociological Perspectives on Media Piracy in the Philippines and Vietnam written by Vivencio O. Ballano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the persistence of the optical media piracy trade in the Philippines and Vietnam. It goes beyond arguments of defective law enforcement and copyright legal systems by applying sociological perspectives to examine the socio-economic forces behind the advent of piracy in the region. Using documentary and ethnographic data, in addition to resistance and ecological theories in sociology of law and technology as the overall theoretical framework, the book investigates factors that contribute to this phenomenon and factors that impede the full formalization of the optical media trade in the two countries. These factors include the government’s attitude towards the informal sector and strong resistance to tougher IPR protection, unstable and sometimes conflicting policies on technologies, burdensome business registration process and weak enforcement of business regulations, bureaucratic corruption and loopholes in law enforcement system as well as trade ties with China. In addition to that, the book highlights the social background of the actors behind the illegal business of counterfeit CDs and DVDs, thereby explaining the reasons they continue to persist in this type of trade. It invites policymakers, law enforcers, advocates of anti-piracy groups, and the general public to use a more holistic lens in understanding the persistence of copyright piracy in developing countries, shifting the blame from the moral defect of the traders to the current problematic copyright policy and enforcement structure, and the difficulty of crafting effective anti-piracy measures in a constantly evolving and advancing technological environment.

The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific

Author : Kapila Silva
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429943075
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific by : Kapila Silva

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific written by Kapila Silva and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific sheds light onto the balancing act of urban heritage management, focusing specifically on the Asia-Pacific regions in which this challenge is imminent and in need of effective solutions. Urban heritage, while being threatened amid myriad forces of global and ecological change, provides a vital social, cultural, and economic asset for regeneration and sustenance of liveability of inhabited urban areas worldwide. This six-part volume takes a critical look at the concept of Historic Urban Landscapes, the approach that UNESCO promotes to achieve holistic management of urban heritage, through the lens of issues, prospects, and experiences of urban regeneration of the selected geo-cultural context. It further discusses the difficult task that heritage managers encounter in conceptualizing, mapping, curating, and sustaining the plurality, poetics, and politics of urban heritage of the regions in question. The connective thesis that weaves the chapters in this volume together reinforces for readers that the management of urban heritage considers cities as dynamic entities, palimpsests of historical memories, collages of social diversity, territories of contested identities, and sites for sustainable liveability. Throughout this edited collection, chapters argue for recognizing the totality of the eco-cultural urban fabric, embracing change, building social cohesion, and initiating strategic socio-economic progress in the conservation of Historic Urban Landscapes. Containing thirty-seven contributions written by leading regional experts, and illustrated with over 200 black and white images and tables, this volume provides a much-needed resource on Historic Urban Landscapes for students, scholars, and researchers.

Building Socialism

Author : Christina Schwenkel
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478012609
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Socialism by : Christina Schwenkel

Download or read book Building Socialism written by Christina Schwenkel and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a decade of U.S. bombing campaigns that obliterated northern Vietnam, East Germany helped Vietnam rebuild in an act of socialist solidarity. In Building Socialism Christina Schwenkel examines the utopian visions of an expert group of Vietnamese and East German urban planners who sought to transform the devastated industrial town of Vinh into a model socialist city. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research in Vietnam and Germany with architects, engineers, construction workers, and tenants in Vinh’s mass housing complex, Schwenkel explores the material and affective dimensions of urban possibility and the quick fall of Vinh’s new built environment into unplanned obsolescence. She analyzes the tensions between aspirational infrastructure and postwar uncertainty to show how design models and practices that circulated between the socialist North and the decolonizing South underwent significant modification to accommodate alternative cultural logics and ideas about urban futurity. By documenting the building of Vietnam’s first planned city and its aftermath of decay and repurposing, Schwenkel argues that underlying the ambivalent and often unpredictable responses to modernist architectural forms were anxieties about modernity and the future of socialism itself.

Anthropological Considerations of Production, Exchange, Vending and Tourism

Author : Donald C. Wood
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787431959
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropological Considerations of Production, Exchange, Vending and Tourism by : Donald C. Wood

Download or read book Anthropological Considerations of Production, Exchange, Vending and Tourism written by Donald C. Wood and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 37 of REA features eleven original articles organized in four different sections, each focusing on a specific, popular and significant theme in economic anthropology: production, exchange, vending, and tourism.

Fodor's Vietnam

Author : Fodor's Travel Guides
Publisher : Fodor's Travel
ISBN 13 : 1101878851
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Fodor's Vietnam by : Fodor's Travel Guides

Download or read book Fodor's Vietnam written by Fodor's Travel Guides and published by Fodor's Travel. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by locals, Fodor's travel guides have been offering expert advice for all tastes and budgets for 80 years. Buzzing cities, world-class cuisine, dramatic landscapes, and welcoming locals give Vietnam a distinct character and have made the country increasingly popular with American travelers. From Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta to the capital city of Hanoi and the northern highlands, Fodor's revitalized new edition has the essential coverage of Southeast Asia's most dynamic nation. This travel guide includes: · Dozens of maps · An 8-page color insert with a brief introduction and spectacular photos that capture the top experiences and attractions throughout Vietnam · Hundreds of hotel and restaurant recommendations, with Fodor's Choice designating our top picks · Multiple itineraries to explore the top attractions and what’s off the beaten path · Major sights such as Halong Bay, The Imperial City (Hue), and The Mekong Delta · Side Trips from Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi including Angkor Wat · Coverage of Ho Chi Minh City, The Mekong Delta, The South-Central Coast and Highlands, The Central Coast, Halong Bay and North-Central Vietnam, Hanoi and The Northwest

Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries

Author : Knud Erik Skouby
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000796027
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries by : Knud Erik Skouby

Download or read book Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries written by Knud Erik Skouby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mobile communications market in developing countries is growing at a rapid rate. This is evident in the rapid spread of mobile broadband cellular networks such as 3G. 4G is also being deployed in developing countries around the world. As the global communications market proceeds towards 5G, it is evident that developing countries will not be left behind. However, there are challenges and barriers on the road ahead specific to developing countries. To aid policy makers, researchers and members of the academia make informed decision that will help the advancement of 5G, this handbook provides an insight into the impact of existing mobile cellular networks in some developing countries. Topics discussed in this handbook include:Digital dividePolicy outlook5G and rural areas5G readinessTelco Business modelsTelecom tower pricingMobile application adoption

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies

Author : Jeremy Tambling
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319624199
Total Pages : 1977 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies by : Jeremy Tambling

Download or read book The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies written by Jeremy Tambling and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-29 with total page 1977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This encyclopaedia will be an indispensable resource and recourse for all who are thinking about cities and the urban, and the relation of cities to literature, and to ways of writing about cities. Covering a vast terrain, this work will include entries on theorists, individual writers, individual cities, countries, cities in relation to the arts, film and music, urban space, pre/early and modern cities, concepts and movements and definitions amongst others. Written by an international team of contributors, this will be the first resource of its kind to pull together such a comprehensive overview of the field.

Understanding U.S. Military Conflicts through Primary Sources [4 volumes]

Author : James R. Arnold
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2024 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding U.S. Military Conflicts through Primary Sources [4 volumes] by : James R. Arnold

Download or read book Understanding U.S. Military Conflicts through Primary Sources [4 volumes] written by James R. Arnold and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 2024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An easily accessible resource that showcases the links between using documented primary sources and gaining a more nuanced understanding of military history. Primary source analysis is a valuable tool that teaches students how historians utilize documents and interpret evidence from the past. This four-volume reference traces key decisions in U.S. military history—from the Revolutionary War through the 21st-century conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq—by examining documents relating to military strategy and national policy judgments by U.S. military and political leaders. A comprehensive introductory essay provides readers with the context necessary to understand the relationship between diplomatic documents, military correspondence, and other documentation related to events that shaped warfare, diplomacy, and military strategy. Once the stage is set, the work covers 14 conflicts that are significant to U.S. history. Treatment of each of the conflicts begins with a historical overview followed by a chronology and approximately 30 primary source documents presented in chronological order. Each document is accompanied by a description and annotations and by an analysis that highlights its importance to the event or topic under discussion. Designed for secondary school and college students, the work will be exceptionally valuable to teachers who will appreciate the ready-made lessons that fit directly into core curriculum standards.

Sustainability and the City

Author : Lauren Curtright
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498536603
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainability and the City by : Lauren Curtright

Download or read book Sustainability and the City written by Lauren Curtright and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability and the City: Urban Poetics and Politics contributes to third-generation discourse on sustainable development by considering, through a humanistic lens, theories and practices of sustainability in a wide range of urban cultures. It demonstrates cities’ inextricability from discussions on sustainability because not only is the world urbanizing at an unprecedented rate but also cities are primary locations of the circulation of excess capital, socioeconomic divisions and hierarchies, political resistance, friction between human and non-human worlds, and the confluence of art, policy, and identity formation in placemaking. With essays by scholars working in a variety of fields—from architecture to literature to music to sociology—this collection maintains that any hope for achieving urban sustainability will require taking seriously the ways in which cities are imagined. Efforts to make cities sustainable must fully incorporate the humanities because critical endeavors and creative expressions that fall within the purview of the humanities are vital to closing the conceptual gulf, as well as the practical gap, between human and non-human conservation. Even if the environmental humanities embrace cities, critics must ask whether coalescing the terms ‘sustainability’ and ‘city’ may actually obstruct human action to combat climate change—which, from some angles, seems impending, self-imposed apocalypse. To examine the urban turn, Sustainability and the City attends to culture. Essays in the first part of the collection approach urban sustainability from various disciplinary vantage points to emphasize history, ideology, pedagogy, and critical theory. The second part of the collection analyzes urban commons on four different continents. Finally, the collection moves from a diverse set of interpretations of on-the-ground urban phenomena to a compilation of readings of sustainability in different media and genres—sound art, drama, fiction, and film—set in, or evocative of, cities. The collection carves out a place for artists and critics to help realize social justice in cities, which generate remarkable power, but power that is too often and too easily used destructively, unfairly, and wastefully despite cities’ unique capacities to inspire and sustain humanity.

Finance & Economics Readings

Author : Lee-Ming Tan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811081476
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Finance & Economics Readings by : Lee-Ming Tan

Download or read book Finance & Economics Readings written by Lee-Ming Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2017 installment of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.

Encyclopedia of Film Themes, Settings and Series

Author : Richard B. Armstrong
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 1476612307
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Film Themes, Settings and Series by : Richard B. Armstrong

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Film Themes, Settings and Series written by Richard B. Armstrong and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2015-07-11 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first editon was called "the most valuable film reference in several years" by Library Journal. The new edition published in hardcover in 2001 includes more than 670 entries. The current work is a paperback reprint of that edition. Each entry contains a mini-essay that defines the topic, followed by a chronological list of representative films. From the Abominable Snowman to Zorro, this encyclopedia provides film scholars and fans with an easy-to-use reference for researching film themes or tracking down obscure movies on subjects such as suspended animation, viral epidemics, robots, submarines, reincarnation, ventriloquists and the Olympics ("Excellent" said Cult Movies). The volume also contains an extensive list of film characters and series, including B-movie detectives, Western heroes, made-for-television film series, and foreign film heroes and villains.

Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms

Author : Lisa B.W. Drummond
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442632852
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms by : Lisa B.W. Drummond

Download or read book Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms written by Lisa B.W. Drummond and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socialist cities have special qualities which endure in particular, subtle, and often under-theorized ways. This book engages with socialism on a global scale, as well as the variety of socialist urbanisms and post-socialist urbanisms, and the range of ways in which globalization intersects with changes in socialist and post-socialist cities. Offering a unique international comparative focus, the book’s fourteen case studies from Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Africa are grouped under three main themes: housing experiences and life trajectories, planning and architecture, and governance and social order. Featuring contributors from a range of disciplinary backgrounds and research foci, Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms brings together a collection of essays on cities that are often overlooked in mainstream urban studies.

Meltdown Expected

Author : Aaron J. Leonard
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978836473
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis Meltdown Expected by : Aaron J. Leonard

Download or read book Meltdown Expected written by Aaron J. Leonard and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-17 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 1978, President Jimmy Carter proclaimed that “There is all across our land a growing sense of peace and a sense of common purpose.” Yet in the ensuing months, a series of crises disturbed that fragile sense of peace, ultimately setting the stage for Reagan’s decisive victory in 1980 and ushering in the final phase of the Cold War. Meltdown Expected tells the story of the power shifts from late 1978 through 1979 whose repercussions are still being felt. Iran’s revolution led to a hostage crisis while neighbouring Afghanistan became the site of a proxy war between the USSR and the US, who supplied aid to Islamic mujahideen fighters that would later form the Taliban. Meanwhile, as tragedies like the Jonestown mass suicide and the assassination of Harvey Milk captured the nation’s attention, the government quietly reasserted and expanded the FBI’s intelligence powers. Drawing from recently declassified government documents and covering everything from Three Mile Island to the rise of punk rock, Aaron J. Leonard paints a vivid portrait of a tumultuous yet pivotal time in American history.

Sidewalk City

Author : Annette Miae Kim
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022611936X
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Sidewalk City by : Annette Miae Kim

Download or read book Sidewalk City written by Annette Miae Kim and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most, the term “public space” conjures up images of large, open areas: community centers for meetings and social events; the ancient Greek agora for political debates; green parks for festivals and recreation. In many of the world’s major cities, however, public spaces like these are not a part of the everyday lives of the public. Rather, business and social lives have always been conducted along main roads and sidewalks. With increasing urban growth and density, primarily from migration and immigration, rights to the sidewalk are being hotly contested among pedestrians, street vendors, property owners, tourists, and governments around the world. With Sidewalk City, Annette Miae Kim provides the first multidisciplinary case study of sidewalks in a distinctive geographical area. She focuses on Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a rapidly growing and evolving city that throughout its history, her multicultural residents have built up alternative legitimacies and norms about how the sidewalk should be used. Based on fieldwork over 15 years, Kim developed methods of spatial ethnography to overcome habitual seeing, and recorded both the spatial patterns and the social relations of how the city’s vibrant sidewalk life is practiced. In Sidewalk City, she transforms this data into an imaginative array of maps, progressing through a primer of critical cartography, to unveil new insights about the importance and potential of this quotidian public space. This richly illustrated and fascinating study of Ho Chi Minh City’s sidewalks shows us that it is possible to have an aesthetic sidewalk life that is inclusive of multiple publics’ aspirations and livelihoods, particularly those of migrant vendors.

A Continent Erupts: Decolonization, Civil War, and Massacre in Postwar Asia, 1945-1955

Author : Ronald H. Spector
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393254666
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis A Continent Erupts: Decolonization, Civil War, and Massacre in Postwar Asia, 1945-1955 by : Ronald H. Spector

Download or read book A Continent Erupts: Decolonization, Civil War, and Massacre in Postwar Asia, 1945-1955 written by Ronald H. Spector and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of 2022 "Marvelous.…Spector’s gripping book.…[helps] us to understand why the legacy of these conflicts is still with us today." —Sheila Miyoshi Jager, New York Times Book Review The end of World War II led to the United States’ emergence as a global superpower. For war-ravaged Western Europe it marked the beginning of decades of unprecedented cooperation and prosperity that one historian has labeled “the long peace.” Yet half a world away, in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea, and Malaya—the fighting never really stopped, as these regions sought to completely sever the yoke of imperialism and colonialism with all-too-violent consequences. East and Southeast Asia quickly became the most turbulent regions of the globe. Within weeks of the famous surrender ceremony aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, civil war, communal clashes, and insurgency engulfed the continent, from Southeast Asia to the Soviet border. By early 1947, full-scale wars were raging in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam, with growing guerrilla conflicts in Korea and Malaya. Within a decade after the Japanese surrender, almost all of the countries of South, East, and Southeast Asia that had formerly been conquests of the Japanese or colonies of the European powers experienced wars and upheavals that resulted in the deaths of at least 2.5 million combatants and millions of civilians. With A Continent Erupts, acclaimed military historian Ronald H. Spector draws on letters, diaries, and international archives to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive military history and analysis of these little-known but decisive events. Far from being simply offshoots of the Cold War, as they have often been portrayed, these shockingly violent conflicts forever changed the shape of Asia, and the world as we know it today.