Handbook Of Engineering And Specialty Thermoplastics

Download Handbook Of Engineering And Specialty Thermoplastics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Handbook Of Engineering And Specialty Thermoplastics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 3

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118104749
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 3 by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 3 written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of engineering polymers, such as oxygen containing main chain polymers (Polyether and Polyesters). The book emphasizes the various aspects of preparation, structure, processing, morphology, properties and applications of engineering polymers. Recent advances in the development and characterization of multi component polymer blends and composites (maco, micro and nano) based on engineering polymers are discussed in detail. The content of the book is unique as there are no books which deal with the recent advances synthesis, morphology, structure, properties and applications of engineering polymers and their blends and composites including nanocomposites. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field.

Engineering Plastics Handbook

Author : James Margolis
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071589104
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (715 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Engineering Plastics Handbook by : James Margolis

Download or read book Engineering Plastics Handbook written by James Margolis and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-11-16 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tougher and cheaper than other materials, thermoplastic resins are used in applications ranging from aircraft frames to glass windows. This is the first authoritative source for building and evaluating new product lines. Written by a top team of international experts, this reference incorporates the chemical, mechanical, and physical data necessary to compare and evaluate existing product lines with new and emerging products.

Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers

Author : Jiri George Drobny
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323221688
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers by : Jiri George Drobny

Download or read book Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers written by Jiri George Drobny and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, Second Edition presents a comprehensive working knowledge of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), providing an essential introduction for those learning the basics, but also detailed engineering data and best practice guidance for those already involved in polymerization, processing, and part manufacture. TPEs use short, cost-effective production cycles, with reduced energy consumption compared to other polymers, and are used in a range of industries including automotive, medical, construction and many more. This handbook provides all the practical information engineers need to successfully utilize this material group in their products, as well as the required knowledge to thoroughly ground themselves in the fundamental chemistry of TPEs. The data tables included in this book assist engineers and scientists in both selecting and processing the materials for a given product or application. In the second edition of this handbook, all chapters have been reviewed and updated. New polymers and applications have been added — particularly in the growing automotive and medical fields — and changes in chemistry and processing technology are covered. - Provides essential knowledge of the chemistry, processing, properties, and applications for both new and established technical professionals in any industry utilizing TPEs - Datasheets provide "at-a-glance" processing and technical information for a wide range of commercial TPEs and compounds, saving readers the need to contact suppliers - Includes data on additional materials and applications, particularly in automotive and medical industries

Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118229134
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4 by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4 written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final volume in the Handbook of Engineering and Speciality Thermoplastics covers Nylons and details the developments of the last decade with respect to their polymerization, properties, synthesis, and applications. Volume 4 on Nylons is a unique compilation and covers many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of engineering polymers, such as nitrogen containing main chain polymers (Nylons). The book emphasizes the various aspects of preparation, structure, processing, morphology, properties and applications of engineering polymers. Recent advances in the development and characterization of multi component polymer blends and composites (maco, micro and nano) based on engineering polymers are also be discussed in detail. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field. This state-of-the-art volume: Has chapters on Polyamide Imides, Polyphthalamides, Polyetherimides, Aromatic Polyamides, Polyanilines, Polyimides Comprehensive in an encyclopaedic fashion and includes material published in journals, books, conference proceedings, as well as the patent literature It serves as a "one stop" reference resource for recent important research accomplishments in this area The authors represent some of the best industry and academic researchers around the globe. Researchers, scientists, engineers and students in the field of polymer science, polymer technology, and materials science will benefit from reading this book. As it is highly applications oriented, the book will help the user to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.

Chemical Resistance of Specialty Thermoplastics

Author : William Woishnis
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 1455731137
Total Pages : 1685 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chemical Resistance of Specialty Thermoplastics by : William Woishnis

Download or read book Chemical Resistance of Specialty Thermoplastics written by William Woishnis and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 1685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the two-volume work Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastics covers chemical resistance of high-volume commercial (commodity) thermoplastics, this volume focuses on high performance 'engineering' or 'specialty' thermoplastics. These thermoplastics are usually consumed in smaller volumes, but have desirable characteristics for demanding and high-value applications. This book provides extensive data on chemical resistance tests, and material chemical resistance properties for important specialty thermoplastics including polyarylenes, polymimides and fluoropolymers, polymer alloys and specialty polyethylenes. The chemical resistance data provided enables the reader to make a better material selection decision, avoiding the major economic and business impacts of material failure, and in some cases eliminating the need for screening tests. The data gives detailed information on the parameters of exposure of plastics and their different grades to chemicals and environmental conditions, i.e. chemical compound or solvent, concentration, temperature, the length of time a plastic can withstand such attacks (with, for example, weight change as a key parameter) etc. – answering key questions often arising in the process of product development. This volume comes in an easy-to-use print format – including a list of exposure media enabling cross-referencing to the main material data tables – as well as an online database with an extended data set, and advanced search and navigation features. - The single most comprehensive data source covering the chemical resistance properties of thermoplastics - A must-have reference for those designing and working in sectors where thermoplastics come into contact with corrosive or reactive substances - This new edition includes new chapters that provide the underpinning knowledge needed to fully understand and apply the information in the data sections - In the print edition of this book, the data covered in the two volumes are also provided on a CD-ROM (compatible with Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating systems) offering extended navigation and search features

Handbook of Specialty Elastomers

Author : Robert C. Klingender
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420017675
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Specialty Elastomers by : Robert C. Klingender

Download or read book Handbook of Specialty Elastomers written by Robert C. Klingender and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by experts on specialty elastomers applications in the mechanical and automotive products industries, the Handbook of Specialty Elastomers provides a single source reference for the design of compounds using specialty elastomers. This book defines specialty elastomers as heat-, oil-, fuel-, and solvent-resistant polymer

Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470639252
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4 by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 4 written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final volume in the Handbook of Engineering and Speciality Thermoplastics covers Nylons and details the developments of the last decade with respect to their polymerization, properties, synthesis, and applications. Volume 4 on Nylons is a unique compilation and covers many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of engineering polymers, such as nitrogen containing main chain polymers (Nylons). The book emphasizes the various aspects of preparation, structure, processing, morphology, properties and applications of engineering polymers. Recent advances in the development and characterization of multi component polymer blends and composites (maco, micro and nano) based on engineering polymers are also be discussed in detail. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field. This state-of-the-art volume: Has chapters on Polyamide Imides, Polyphthalamides, Polyetherimides, Aromatic Polyamides, Polyanilines, Polyimides Comprehensive in an encyclopaedic fashion and includes material published in journals, books, conference proceedings, as well as the patent literature It serves as a "one stop" reference resource for recent important research accomplishments in this area The authors represent some of the best industry and academic researchers around the globe. Researchers, scientists, engineers and students in the field of polymer science, polymer technology, and materials science will benefit from reading this book. As it is highly applications oriented, the book will help the user to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.

Plastics Technology Handbook, Fourth Edition

Author : Manas Chanda
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420006363
Total Pages : 890 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Plastics Technology Handbook, Fourth Edition by : Manas Chanda

Download or read book Plastics Technology Handbook, Fourth Edition written by Manas Chanda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-19 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the field of plastics is one of the fastest changing areas today, the need arises to offer relevant, comprehensive material on polymers. An established source of information on modern plastics, the Plastics Technology Handbook continues to provide up-to-date coverage on the properties, processing methods, and applications of polymers. Retaining the easy-to-follow structure of the previous editions, this fourth edition includes new topics of interest that reflect recent developments and lead to better insights into the molecular behavior of polymers. New to the Fourth Edition Advances in supramolecular polymerization, flame retardancy, polymer-based nanomedicines, and drug delivery The new concept of oxo-biodegradable polymers Broadened discussion on plastic foams and foam extrusion processes More information on the processing and applications of industrial polymers, including the emerging field of nanoblends Developments in polymer synthesis and applications, such as polymeric sensors, hydrogels and smart polymers, hyperbranched polymers, shape memory polymers, polymeric optical fibers, scavenger resins, polymer nanocomposites, polymerization-filled composites, and wood-polymer composites A state-of-the-art account of the various available methods for plastics recycling Advances in the use of polymers in packaging, construction, the automotive and aerospace industries, agriculture, electronics and electrical technology, biomedical applications, corrosion prevention, and sports and marine applications Plastics Technology Handbook, Fourth Edition thoroughly covers traditional industrial polymers and their processing methods as well as contemporary polymeric materials, recent trends, and the latest applications.

Handbook of Thermoplastics

Author : Olagoke Olabisi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466577231
Total Pages : 976 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermoplastics by : Olagoke Olabisi

Download or read book Handbook of Thermoplastics written by Olagoke Olabisi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the bestselling Handbook of Thermoplastics incorporates recent developments and advances in thermoplastics with regard to materials development, processing, properties, and applications. With contributions from 65 internationally recognized authorities in the field, the second edition features new and updated discussions of seve

Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 1

Author : Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118029283
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 1 by : Johannes Karl Fink

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 1 written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizes an encyclopedic approach to cover the developments in polyolefins and styrenics during the last decade This book focuses on common types of polymers belonging to the class of polyolefins and styrenics. The text is arranged according to the chemical constitution of polymers and reviews the developments that have taken place in the last decade. A brief introduction to the polymer type is given and previous monographs and reviews dealing with the topic are listed for quick reference. The text continues with monomers, polymerization, fabrication techniques, properties, application, as well as safety issues. Providing a rather encyclopedic approach to polyolefins and styrenics, The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Presents a listing of suppliers and commercial grades Reviews current patent literature, essential for the engineer developing new products Contains as extensive tradenames index with information that is fairly unique Concludes with an index of acronyms The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Polyolefins and Styrenics provides a comprehensive reference for chemical engineers and offers advanced students with a textbook for use in courses on chemically biased plastics technology and polymer science.

Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 2

Author : Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118087712
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 2 by : Johannes Karl Fink

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics, Volume 2 written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on common types of polymers belonging to the class of water soluble polymers. It covers a wide range of applications: food, cosmetic, medical, lithography and ink jet printing, agricultural, wastewater cleaning, and oilfield. The text is arranged according to the chemical constitution of polymers and reviews the developments that have taken place in the last decade. Each chapter follows the same template. A brief introduction to the polymer type is given and previous monographs and reviews dealing with the topic are listed for quick reference. The text continues with monomers, polymerization, fabrication techniques, properties, applications, as well as safety issues. Providing a rather encyclopedic approach to water soluble polymers, the Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Presents a listing of suppliers and commercial grades Reviews current patent literature, essential for the engineer developing new products Contains an extensive tradenames index with information that is fairly unique Concludes with an index of acronyms and a general index The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Water Soluble Polymers provides a comprehensive reference for chemical engineers and offers advanced students a textbook for use in courses on chemically biased plastics technology and polymer science.

Mechanical Fastening of Plastics

Author : Kenneth J. Gomes
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351432648
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mechanical Fastening of Plastics by : Kenneth J. Gomes

Download or read book Mechanical Fastening of Plastics written by Kenneth J. Gomes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a unique, practical and comprehensive 'how to' introduction to plastic-to-plastic, non-permanent assemblies. Covering a full range of information in an easy to understand, nontechnical format, this outstanding work affords the confident understanding needed to keep pace with advances in plastic technology.

Brydson's Plastics Materials

Author : Marianne Gilbert
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323370225
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brydson's Plastics Materials by : Marianne Gilbert

Download or read book Brydson's Plastics Materials written by Marianne Gilbert and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brydson's Plastics Materials, Eighth Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the commercially available plastics materials that bridge the gap between theory and practice. The book enables scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work and provides engineers with essential theory. Since the previous edition, many developments have taken place in plastics materials, such as the growth in the commercial use of sustainable bioplastics, so this book brings the user fully up-to-date with the latest materials, references, units, and figures that have all been thoroughly updated. The book remains the authoritiative resource for engineers, suppliers, researchers, materials scientists, and academics in the field of polymers, including current best practice, processing, and material selection information and health and safety guidance, along with discussions of sustainability and the commercial importance of various plastics and additives, including nanofillers and graphene as property modifiers. With a 50 year history as the principal reference in the field of plastics material, and fully updated by an expert team of polymer scientists and engineers, this book is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in this field. - Presents a one-stop-shop for easily accessible information on plastics materials, now updated to include the latest biopolymers, high temperature engineering plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and more - Includes thoroughly revised and reorganised material as contributed by an expert team who make the book relevant to all plastics engineers, materials scientists, and students of polymers - Includes the latest guidance on health, safety, and sustainability, including materials safety data sheets, local regulations, and a discussion of recycling issues

Engineered Materials Handbook, Desk Edition

Author : ASM International. Handbook Committee
Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 0871702835
Total Pages : 1313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Engineered Materials Handbook, Desk Edition by : ASM International. Handbook Committee

Download or read book Engineered Materials Handbook, Desk Edition written by ASM International. Handbook Committee and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on the properties, selection, processing, and applications of the most widely used nonmetallic engineering materials. Section 1, General Information and Data, contains information applicable both to polymers and to ceramics and glasses. It includes an illustrated glossary, a collection of engineering tables and data, and a guide to materials selection. Sections 2 through 7 focus on polymeric materials--plastics, elastomers, polymer-matrix composites, adhesives, and sealants--with the information largely updated and expanded from the first three volumes of the Engineered Materials Handbook. Ceramics and glasses are covered in Sections 8 through 12, also with updated and expanded information. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Polypropylene Handbook

Author : József Karger-Kocsis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030129039
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polypropylene Handbook by : József Karger-Kocsis

Download or read book Polypropylene Handbook written by József Karger-Kocsis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively reviews Polypropylene (PP), the second most widely produced thermoplastic material, having been produced for over 60 years. Its synthesis, processing and application are still accompanied by vigorous R&D developments because the properties of PP are at the borderline between those of commodity and engineering thermoplastics. Readers are introduced to various tacticities and polymorphs of PP, and their effects on structural properties. Further, the book addresses the control of optical properties using nucleants, provides strategies for overcoming the limited cold/impact resistance of PP, examines in detail the effects of recycling, and presents guidelines for the property modification of PPs through foaming, filling and reinforcing with respect to target applications. Special attention is paid to descriptions and models of properties as a function of morphological variables. Last but not least, the book suggests potential practical applications of PP-based systems, especially in the packaging, appliances, building/construction, textile and automotive sectors. Each chapter, written by internationally respected scientists, reflects the current state-of-art in the respective field and offers a vital source of information for students, researchers and engineers interested in the morphology, properties, testing and modeling of PP and PP-based systems. The content is indispensable to the appropriate application of PPs and related composites.

Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook

Author : Myer Kutz
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323390412
Total Pages : 786 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook by : Myer Kutz

Download or read book Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook written by Myer Kutz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Materials, and Applications, Second Edition, covers both the polymer basics that are helpful to bring readers quickly up-to-speed if they are not familiar with a particular area of plastics processing and the recent developments that enable practitioners to discover which options best fit their requirements. New chapters added specifically cover polyamides, polyimides, and polyesters. Hot topics such as 3-D printing and smart plastics are also included, giving plastics engineers the information they need to take these embryonic technologies and deploy them in their own work. With the increasing demands for lightness and fuel economy in the automotive industry (not least due to CAFÉ standards), plastics will soon be used even further in vehicles. A new chapter has been added to cover the technology trends in this area, and the book has been substantially updated to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and the commercialization of plastics in various areas. Recycling of plastics has been thoroughly revised to reflect ongoing developments in sustainability of plastics. Extrusion processing is constantly progressing, as have the elastomeric materials, fillers, and additives which are available. Throughout the book, the focus is on the engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. The properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field. - Presents an authoritative source of practical advice for engineers, providing guidance from experts that will lead to cost savings and process improvements - Ideal introduction for both new engineers and experienced practitioners entering a new field or evaluating a new technology - Updated to include the latest technology, including 3D Printing, smart polymers, and thorough coverage of biopolymers and biodegradable plastics

Handbook of Polymers

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1927885965
Total Pages : 751 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Polymers by : George Wypych

Download or read book Handbook of Polymers written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-19 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Polymers, Third Edition represents an update on available data, including new values for many commercially available products, verification of existing data, and removal of older data where it is no longer useful. Polymers selected for this edition include all primary polymeric materials used by the plastics and chemical industries and specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical and aerospace fields, with extensive information also provided on biopolymers. The book includes data on all polymeric materials used by the plastics industry and branches of the chemical industry, as well as specialty polymers in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical and space fields. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy, including synthesis, physical, mechanical, and rheological properties, chemical resistance, toxicity, environmental impact, and more. - Provides key data on all primary polymeric materials used in a wide range of industries and applications - Presents easy-to-access data divided into sections, making comparisons and search simple and intuitive - Includes data on general properties, history, synthesis, structure, physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, flammability, weather stability, toxicity, and more