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Guide To Computational Modelling For Decision Processes
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Book Synopsis Guide to Computational Modelling for Decision Processes by : Stuart Berry
Download or read book Guide to Computational Modelling for Decision Processes written by Stuart Berry and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary reference and guide provides an introduction to modeling methodologies and models which form the starting point for deriving efficient and effective solution techniques, and presents a series of case studies that demonstrate how heuristic and analytical approaches may be used to solve large and complex problems. Topics and features: introduces the key modeling methods and tools, including heuristic and mathematical programming-based models, and queueing theory and simulation techniques; demonstrates the use of heuristic methods to not only solve complex decision-making problems, but also to derive a simpler solution technique; presents case studies on a broad range of applications that make use of techniques from genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic, tabu search, and queueing theory; reviews examples incorporating system dynamics modeling, cellular automata and agent-based simulations, and the use of big data; supplies expanded descriptions and examples in the appendices.
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior by : Simon Farrell
Download or read book Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior written by Simon Farrell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an integrated framework for developing and testing computational models in psychology and related disciplines. Researchers and students are given the knowledge and tools to interpret models published in their area, as well as to develop, fit, and test their own models.
Book Synopsis A Computational Framework for Modeling Belief-based Decision Making by : Koosha Khalvati
Download or read book A Computational Framework for Modeling Belief-based Decision Making written by Koosha Khalvati and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing computational models of decision making are often limited to particular experimental setups. The limitation is mainly due to the inability to capture the decision maker's uncertainty about the situation. We propose a computational framework for studying decision making under uncertainty in neuroscience and psychology. Our framework is heavily focused on the probabilistic assessment of the decision maker, i.e., their "belief", about the state of the world. Specifically, it is based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), which combines Bayesian reasoning and reward maximization to choose actions. We demonstrate the viability of our belief-based decision making framework using data from various experiments in perceptual and social decision making. Our framework explains the relationship between decision makers' actual performance and their belief about it, called decision confidence, in perceptual decision making experiments. It also shows why this assessment could deviate from reality in many situations. Such deviations have been often interpreted as evidence for sub-optimal decision making or distinct processes that underlie choice and confidence. Our framework challenges these interpretations by showing that a normative Bayesian decision maker optimizing the gained reward elicits the same discrepancies. Moreover, our method outperforms existing models in quantitatively predicting human behavior in a social decision making task and provides insight into the underlying process. Our results suggest that in decision making tasks involving large groups, humans employ Bayesian inference to model the "group's mind" and make predictions of others' decisions. Finally, we extend our method to multiple reasoning levels about others (levels of theory of mind) and make the connection to conformity as a strategy for decision making in groups. This extended framework can explain human actions in various collective group decision making tasks, providing a new theory for cooperation and coordination in large groups.
Book Synopsis A Computational Model of Engineering Decision Making by : Collin M. Heller
Download or read book A Computational Model of Engineering Decision Making written by Collin M. Heller and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research objective of this thesis is to formulate and demonstrate a computational framework for modeling the design decisions of engineers. This framework is intended to be descriptive in nature as opposed to prescriptive or normative; the output of the model represents a plausible result of a designer's decision making process. The framework decomposes the decision into three elements: the problem statement, the designer's beliefs about the alternatives, and the designer's preferences. Multi-attribute utility theory is used to capture designer preferences for multiple objectives under uncertainty. Machine-learning techniques are used to store the designer's knowledge and to make Bayesian inferences regarding the attributes of alternatives. These models are integrated into the framework of a Markov decision process to simulate multiple sequential decisions. The overall framework enables the designer's decision problem to be transformed into an optimization problem statement; the simulated designer selects the alternative with the maximum expected utility. Although utility theory is typically viewed as a normative decision framework, the perspective in this research is that the approach can be used in a descriptive context for modeling rational and non-time critical decisions by engineering designers. This approach is intended to enable the formalisms of utility theory to be used to design human subjects experiments involving engineers in design organizations based on pairwise lotteries and other methods for preference elicitation. The results of these experiments would substantiate the selection of parameters in the model to enable it to be used to diagnose potential problems in engineering design projects. The purpose of the decision-making framework is to enable the development of a design process simulation of an organization involved in the development of a large-scale complex engineered system such as an aircraft or spacecraft. The decision model will allow researchers to determine the broader effects of individual engineering decisions on the aggregate dynamics of the design process and the resulting performance of the designed artifact itself. To illustrate the model's applicability in this context, the framework is demonstrated on three example problems: a one-dimensional decision problem, a multidimensional turbojet design problem, and a variable fidelity analysis problem. Individual utility functions are developed for designers in a requirements-driven design problem and then combined into a multi-attribute utility function. Gaussian process models are used to represent the designer's beliefs about the alternatives, and a custom covariance function is formulated to more accurately represent a designer's uncertainty in beliefs about the design attributes.
Book Synopsis Policy Decision Modeling with Fuzzy Logic by : Ali Guidara
Download or read book Policy Decision Modeling with Fuzzy Logic written by Ali Guidara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept of policy decision emergence and its dynamics at the sub systemic level of the decision process. This level constitutes the breeding ground of the emergence of policy decisions but remains unexplored due to the absence of adequate tools. It is a nonlinear complex system made of several entities that interact dynamically. The behavior of such a system cannot be understood with linear and deterministic methods. The book presents an innovative multidisciplinary approach that results in the development of a Policy Decision Emergence Simulation Model (PODESIM). This computational model is a multi-level fuzzy inference system that allows the identification of the decision emergence levers. This development represents a major advancement in the field of public policy decision studies. It paves the way for decision emergence modeling and simulation by bridging complex systems theory, multiple streams theory, and fuzzy logic theory.
Book Synopsis Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling by : Mikael Collan
Download or read book Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling written by Mikael Collan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a concise introduction and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of decision-making and consensus modeling, with a special emphasis on fuzzy methods. It consists of a collection of authoritative contributions reporting on the decision-making process from different perspectives: from psychology to social and political sciences, from decision sciences to data mining, and from computational sciences in general, to artificial and computational intelligence and systems. Written as a homage to Mario Fedrizzi for his scholarly achievements, creative ideas and long lasting services to different scientific communities, it introduces key theoretical concepts, describes new models and methods, and discusses a range of promising real-world applications in the field of decision-making science. It is a timely reference guide and a source of inspiration for advanced students and researchers
Book Synopsis Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making by : National Research Council
Download or read book Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.
Book Synopsis The Computer Modelling of a Complex Decision Making Process by : David L. Yazujian
Download or read book The Computer Modelling of a Complex Decision Making Process written by David L. Yazujian and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Goal-Directed Decision Making by : Richard W. Morris
Download or read book Goal-Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Book Synopsis A Computational Model of "artificial Intuition" in Decision Making by : Johnny Olayinka
Download or read book A Computational Model of "artificial Intuition" in Decision Making written by Johnny Olayinka and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decision Making, Affect, and Learning by : Mauricio R. Delgado
Download or read book Decision Making, Affect, and Learning written by Mauricio R. Delgado and published by Attention and Performance. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on decision making and emotional processing, investigating the psychological and neural systems underlying decision making, and the relationship with reward, affect, and learning. Considers neurodevelopmental and clinical aspects and looks at the applied aspects for other disciplines, including neuroeconomics.
Book Synopsis Satisficing Games and Decision Making by : Wynn C. Stirling
Download or read book Satisficing Games and Decision Making written by Wynn C. Stirling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-07-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our day-to-day lives we constantly make decisions which are simply 'good enough' rather than optimal. Most computer-based decision-making algorithms, on the other hand, doggedly seek only the optimal solution based on rigid criteria and reject any others. In this book, Professor Stirling outlines an alternative approach, using novel algorithms and techniques which can be used to find satisficing solutions. Building on traditional decision and game theory, these techniques allow decision-making systems to cope with more subtle situations where self and group interests conflict, perfect solutions can't be found and human issues need to be taken into account - in short, more closely modelling the way humans make decisions. The book will therefore be of great interest to engineers, computer scientists and mathematicians working on artificial intelligence and expert systems.
Book Synopsis Guide to Industrial Analytics by : Richard Hill
Download or read book Guide to Industrial Analytics written by Richard Hill and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook describes the hands-on application of data science techniques to solve problems in manufacturing and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Monitoring and managing operational performance is a crucial activity for industrial and business organisations. The emergence of low-cost, accessible computing and storage, through Industrial Digital Technologies (IDT) and Industry 4.0, has generated considerable interest in innovative approaches to doing more with data. Data science, predictive analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence and general approaches to modelling, simulating and visualising industrial systems have often been considered topics only for research labs and academic departments. This textbook debunks the mystique around applied data science and shows readers, using tutorial-style explanations and real-life case studies, how practitioners can develop their own understanding of performance to achieve tangible business improvements. All exercises can be completed with commonly available tools, many of which are free to install and use. Readers will learn how to use tools to investigate, diagnose, propose and implement analytics solutions that will provide explainable results to deliver digital transformation.
Book Synopsis Automatic Control, Robotics, and Information Processing by : Piotr Kulczycki
Download or read book Automatic Control, Robotics, and Information Processing written by Piotr Kulczycki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide and comprehensive range of issues and problems in various fields of science and engineering, from both theoretical and applied perspectives. The desire to develop more effective and efficient tools and techniques for dealing with complex processes and systems has been a natural inspiration for the emergence of numerous fields of science and technology, in particular control and automation and, more recently, robotics. The contributions gathered here concern the development of methods and algorithms to determine best practices regarding broadly perceived decisions or controls. From an engineering standpoint, many of them focus on how to automate a specific process or complex system. From a tools-based perspective, several contributions address the development of analytic and algorithmic methods and techniques, devices and systems that make it possible to develop and subsequently implement the automation and robotization of crucial areas of human activity. All topics discussed are illustrated with sample applications.
Book Synopsis The 2-tuple Linguistic Model by : Luis Martínez
Download or read book The 2-tuple Linguistic Model written by Luis Martínez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines one of the more common and wide-spread methodologies to deal with uncertainty in real-world decision making problems, the computing with words paradigm, and the fuzzy linguistic approach. The 2-tuple linguistic model is the most popular methodology for computing with words (CWW), because it improves the accuracy of the linguistic computations and keeps the interpretability of the results. The authors provide a thorough review of the specialized literature in CWW and highlight the rapid growth and applicability of the 2-tuple linguistic model. They explore the foundations and methodologies for CWW in complex frameworks and extensions. The book introduces the software FLINTSTONES that provides tools for solving linguistic decision problems based on the 2-tuple linguistic model. Professionals and researchers working in the field of classification or fuzzy sets and systems will find The 2-tuple Linguistic Model: Computing with Words in Decision Making a valuable resource. Undergraduate and postdoctoral students studying computer science and statistics will also find this book a useful study guide.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling of Decision Problems by : Nolberto Munier
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Decision Problems written by Nolberto Munier and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a guide to and manual on modeling complex problems in Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). It encourages practitioners to consider the practicalities of real-world scenarios when modeling, while at the same time providing tips and examples of how to incorporate these realities into the initial decision matrix. The goal is to help readers build a decision matrix that replicates reality as closely as possible. Once this matrix has been constructed, the Decision Maker (DM) can select from more than a hundred MCDM methods the one that best fits the requirements and conditions of the matrix. The book features cases taken from real-world scenarios, which deal with various fields, aspects, and characteristics, and are solved using the SIMUS (Sequential Interactive Modeling for Urban Systems) method. This book is a valuable tool for practitioners, researchers and students dealing with MCDM problems.
Book Synopsis Guide to Simulation-Based Disciplines by : Saurabh Mittal
Download or read book Guide to Simulation-Based Disciplines written by Saurabh Mittal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable text/reference reviews the state of the art in simulation-based approaches across a wide range of different disciplines, and provides evidence of using simulation-based approaches to advance these disciplines. Highlighting the benefits that simulation can bring to any field, the volume presents case studies by the leading experts from such diverse domains as the life sciences, engineering, architecture, arts, and social sciences. Topics and features: includes review questions at the end of every chapter; provides a broad overview of the evolution of the concept of simulation, stressing its importance across numerous sectors and disciplines; addresses the role of simulation in engineering design, and emphasizes the benefits of integrating simulation into the systems engineering paradigm; explains the relation of simulation with Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things, and describes a simulation infrastructure for complex adaptive systems; investigates how simulation is used in the Software Design Life Cycle to assess complex solutions, and examines the use of simulation in architectural design; reviews the function and purpose of simulation within the context of the scientific method, and its contribution to healthcare and health education training; discusses the position of simulation in research in the social sciences, and describes the simulation of service systems for simulation-based enterprise management; describes the role of simulation in learning and education, as well as in in military training. With its near-exhaustive coverage of disciplines, this comprehensive collection is essential reading for all researchers, practitioners and students seeking insights into the use of various modeling paradigms and the need for robust simulation infrastructure to advance their field into a computational future.
