Groups As Agents

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Groups as Agents

Author : Deborah Perron Tollefsen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745684874
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Groups as Agents by : Deborah Perron Tollefsen

Download or read book Groups as Agents written by Deborah Perron Tollefsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the social sciences and in everyday speech we often talk about groups as if they behaved in the same way as individuals, thinking and acting as a singular being. We say for example that "Google intends to develop an automated car", "the U.S. Government believes that Syria has used chemical weapons on its people", or that "the NRA wants to protect the rights of gun owners". We also often ascribe legal and moral responsibility to groups. But could groups literally intend things? Is there such a thing as a collective mind? If so, should groups be held morally responsible? Such questions are of vital importance to our understanding of the social world. In this lively, engaging introduction Deborah Tollefsen offers a careful survey of contemporary philosophers? answers to these questions, and argues for the unorthodox view that certain groups should, indeed, be treated as agents and deserve to be held morally accountable. Tollefsen explores the nature of belief, action and intention, and shows the reader how a belief in group agency can be reconciled with our understanding of individual agency and accountability. Groups as Agents will be a vital resource for scholars as well as for students of philosophy and the social sciences encountering the topic for the first time.

Group Agency

Author : Christian List
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199591563
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Group Agency by : Christian List

Download or read book Group Agency written by Christian List and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are companies, churches, and states genuine agents? How do we explain their behaviour? Can we treat them as accountable for their actions? List and Pettit offer original arguments, grounded in cutting-edge work on social choice, economics, and philosophy, to show there really are group agents, over and above the individual agents who compose them.

Groups as Agents

Author : Deborah Perron Tollefsen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745696589
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Groups as Agents by : Deborah Perron Tollefsen

Download or read book Groups as Agents written by Deborah Perron Tollefsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the social sciences and in everyday speech we often talk about groups as if they behaved in the same way as individuals, thinking and acting as a singular being. We say for example that "Google intends to develop an automated car", "the U.S. Government believes that Syria has used chemical weapons on its people", or that "the NRA wants to protect the rights of gun owners". We also often ascribe legal and moral responsibility to groups. But could groups literally intend things? Is there such a thing as a collective mind? If so, should groups be held morally responsible? Such questions are of vital importance to our understanding of the social world. In this lively, engaging introduction Deborah Tollefsen offers a careful survey of contemporary philosophers? answers to these questions, and argues for the unorthodox view that certain groups should, indeed, be treated as agents and deserve to be held morally accountable. Tollefsen explores the nature of belief, action and intention, and shows the reader how a belief in group agency can be reconciled with our understanding of individual agency and accountability. Groups as Agents will be a vital resource for scholars as well as for students of philosophy and the social sciences encountering the topic for the first time.

Social Ontology

Author : Raimo Tuomela
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019061238X
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Ontology by : Raimo Tuomela

Download or read book Social Ontology written by Raimo Tuomela and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a systematic philosophical theory related to the collectivism-versus-individualism debate in the social sciences. A weak version of collectivism (the "we-mode" approach) that depends on group-based collective intentionality is developed in the book. We-mode collective intentionality is not individualistically reducible and is needed to complement individualistic accounts in social scientific theorizing. The we-mode approach is used in the book to account for collective intention and action, cooperation, group attitudes, social practices and institutions as well as group solidarity.

Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents

Author : Anita Konzelmann Ziv
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789402401905
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents by : Anita Konzelmann Ziv

Download or read book Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents written by Anita Konzelmann Ziv and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions gathered in this volume present the state of the art in key areas of current social ontology. They focus on the role of collective intentional states in creating social facts, and on the nature of intentional properties of groups that allow characterizing them as responsible agents, or perhaps even as persons. Many of the essays are inspired by contemporary action theory, emotion theory, and theories of collective intentionality. Another group of essays revisits early phenomenological approaches to social ontology and accounts of sociality that draw on the Hegelian idea of recognition. This volume is organized into three parts. First, the volume discusses themes highlighted in John Searle’s work and addresses questions concerning the relation between intentions and the deontic powers of institutions, the role of disagreement, and the nature of collective intentionality. Next, the book focuses on joint and collective emotions and mutual recognition, and then goes on to explore the scope and limits of group agency, or group personhood, especially the capacity for responsible agency. The variety of philosophical traditions mirrored in this collection provides readers with a rich and multifaceted survey of present research in social ontology. It will help readers deepen their understanding of three interrelated and core topics in social ontology: the constitution and structure of institutions, the role of shared evaluative attitudes, and the nature and role of group agents.

Readings in Agents

Author : Michael N. Huhns
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9781558604957
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Readings in Agents by : Michael N. Huhns

Download or read book Readings in Agents written by Michael N. Huhns and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1998 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects the most significant literature on agents in an attempt top forge a broad foundation for the field. Includes papers from the perspectives of AI, databases, distributed computing, and programming languages. The book will be of interest to programmers and developers, especially in Internet areas.

Agents and Goals in Evolution

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192546732
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Agents and Goals in Evolution by : Samir Okasha

Download or read book Agents and Goals in Evolution written by Samir Okasha and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samir Okasha approaches evolutionary biology from a philosophical perspective in Agents and Goals in Evolution, analysing a mode of thinking in biology called agential thinking. He considers how the paradigm case involves treating an evolved organism as if it were an agent pursuing a goal, such as survival or reproduction, and seeing its phenotypic traits as strategies for achieving that goal or furthering its biological interests. As agential thinking deliberately transposes a set of concepts--goals, interests, strategies--from rational human agents and to the biological world more generally, Okasha's enquiry firstly looks at the justification for this: is it mere anthropomorphism, or does it play a genuine intellectual role in the science? From this central question, key points are considered such as: how do we identify the 'goal' that evolved organisms will behave as if they are trying to achieve? Can agential thinking ever be applied to groups rather than to individual organisms? And how does agential thinking relate to the controversies over fitness-maximization in evolutionary biology? In addition, Okasha examines the relation between the adaptive and the rational by considering whether organisms can validly be treated as agent-like. Should we expect their evolved behaviour to correspond with that of rational agents as codified in the theory of rational choice? If so, does this mean that the fitness-maximizing paradigm of the evolutionary biologist can be mapped directly to the utility-maximizing paradigm of the rational choice theorist? All of these important questions are engagingly raised and discussed at length.

Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic

Author : Cristina Rosillo-López
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110850955X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic by : Cristina Rosillo-López

Download or read book Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic written by Cristina Rosillo-López and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the working mechanisms of public opinion in Late Republican Rome as a part of informal politics. It explores the political interaction (and sometimes opposition) between the elite and the people through various means, such as rumours, gossip, political literature, popular verses and graffiti. It also proposes the existence of a public sphere in Late Republican Rome and analyses public opinion in that time as a system of control. By applying the spatial turn to politics, it becomes possible to study sociability and informal meetings where public opinion circulated. What emerges is a wider concept of the political participation of the people, not just restricted to voting or participating in the assemblies.

Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents

Author : Jessica Brown
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198898096
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents by : Jessica Brown

Download or read book Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents written by Jessica Brown and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-27 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organised groups such as governments, corporations, charities and courts are an integral part of our lives. They provide services, sell goods, employ people, raise taxes, wage wars, and issue legal judgements. In our interactions with them, we routinely ascribe them mental states, speaking of what they know, want and intend. And we use these ascriptions in predicting what groups will do and assessing their responsibility for outcomes. For instance, in morally assessing the government's performance in the coronavirus pandemic, we might ask what the government knew about the virus at key decision points. And in attempting to predict Russia's response to the current war in Ukraine, we might ask what Russia believes about the West's resolve to defend Ukraine. This book takes these ordinary ways of thinking and talking seriously, assuming that at least some groups are agents with mental states on which they act. In particular, the book examines groups both as epistemic and moral agents providing non-summative accounts of group evidence, group belief, group justified belief, group knowledge, what it is for a group to act or believe for one reason rather than another, and when a group has an excuse for wrongdoing from blameless ignorance. These phenomena are crucial to the evaluation of the beliefs and actions of groups. Whether a group's belief is justified depends on its evidence and the reason for which it believes; whether it's praiseworthy or blameworthy for its actions depends on the reason for which it acted, as well as whether it is blamelessly ignorant of any wrongdoing. By providing a clearer view of central group phenomena, the book will help us assess the beliefs and actions of the powerful groups at work in our lives, whether governments, corporations, public sector bodies or third sector actors.

Agents of Discord

Author : Anson Shupe
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1412808871
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Agents of Discord by : Anson Shupe

Download or read book Agents of Discord written by Anson Shupe and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely acknowledged that the United States has always provided fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements and cults, but modern organized efforts to oppose and restrict them have been less well understood. In Agents of Discord, Anson Shupe and Susan E. Darnell offer a groundbreaking analysis of the operations and motives of these oppositional groups, which they generally group under the umbrella term of the anticult movement. Historically there have always been parallel groups opposed to certain religious movements, whether these be anti-Quaker, anti-Roman Catholic, or anti-Mormon. The authors establish the cultural context of such movements in the nineteenth century. They point out the link between modern anticult movements and nativist movements in American history. Turning to the postwar era, the authors discuss the rise of anticult movements and focus specifically on one of the most prominent, the Cult Awareness Network (CAN). CAN was a two-tiered organization. Partly composed of volunteers, donors, and families affected by cult movements, it also included what the authors call an "inner sanctum" of behavioral science professionals, attorneys, and deprogrammers. Using never-before-reported data on CAN's activities, the authors cite an extensive history of financial impropriety that finally led to the organization's bankruptcy. They offer a pointed critique, informed by current scholarship, of the "brainwashing" model of mental enslavement presented by the anticult movement that has been a central assumption undergirding its activities. At the same time, they show how increasing professionalization has gradually begun a shift of such movements to a therapeutic model of exit counseling that rejects the crude methods of earlier intervention strategies. In their analysis of the anticult movement nationally and internationally, Shupe and Darnell merge sociological concepts and social history to make unique sense of a heretofore relatively unexplored phenomenon.

Activating Agents and Protecting Groups

Author : Anthony J. Pearson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471979279
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (719 download)

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Book Synopsis Activating Agents and Protecting Groups by : Anthony J. Pearson

Download or read book Activating Agents and Protecting Groups written by Anthony J. Pearson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-07-09 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aus dem bestehenden Material der "Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis" (EROS) werden Paquette und die Herausgeber 500 bevorzugte Reagenzien auswählen, die dann in 4 Bände entsprechend ihrer Klassifikation eingeteilt werden, z.B. Oxidations- und Reduktionsreagenzien. Die endgültigen Titel der Bände werden festgelegt, sobald die Auswahl der 500 Reagenzien vorgenommen wurde. Jeder Band wird sich in Umfang und Struktur an EROS orientieren, d.h. er verfügt über eine Einleitung, die ausgewählten Reagenzien erscheinen in alphabetischer Reihenfolge, und es gibt jeweils einen Index zu Reagenzien, Autoren und Themenkomplexen. Für jedes Reagenz werden die physikalischen und chemischen Daten detailliert angegeben, so daß der Leser den Gebrauch der jeweiligen Reagenz versteht und sicher mit ihr arbeiten kann. (01/99)

Agents of Peace

Author : Joseph Naft
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595094155
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Agents of Peace by : Joseph Naft

Download or read book Agents of Peace written by Joseph Naft and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2000-04-17 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agents of Peace presents a journey of spiritual discovery, fusing ancient practices and modern problems. Corrado Borsini, a successful businessman, recently divorced by his wife and shaken by the death of his father, launches into a search for meaning. He finds it in the person of Elizabeth Rikovic and the international Peace Group, which applies spiritual practices and principles in responding to crime, war, and environmental devastation around the world. Corrado, ever the skeptic, enters a Peace Group training center near Konya, Turkey to learn sacred disciplines (Buddhist, Sufi and Christian) which bring him into the depths of his soul. In the company of close friends and a troubled new relationship, Corrado undergoes a sometimes wrenching inner transformation that opens him to a new life. He experiences the drama and excitement of the path to the sacred and its interplay with everyday life. The minds and hearts of his Peace Group teachers and colleagues unveil the subtleties of spiritual practice and the impact of personal crises.

Compendium of Chemical Warfare Agents

Author : Steven L. Hoenig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387692606
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Compendium of Chemical Warfare Agents by : Steven L. Hoenig

Download or read book Compendium of Chemical Warfare Agents written by Steven L. Hoenig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-25 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly lethal chemicals may be the new weapons of choice among terrorist groups throughout the world. This is a grave concern for all First Responders and Emergency Management personnel. This book furnishes the critical information to deal with this threat and provides all the necessary information that First Responders, Hospitals, HazMat Teams, Fire and Rescue Services, and other First Responders need to know when dealing with dangerous chemical agents.

The Change Agent's Guide to Radical Improvement

Author : Ken Miller
Publisher : Asq Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873895347
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Change Agent's Guide to Radical Improvement by : Ken Miller

Download or read book The Change Agent's Guide to Radical Improvement written by Ken Miller and published by Asq Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What separates excellent organizations from the truly ordinary? What allows some organizations to rapidly change and continually reinvent themselves while others have trouble making even modest improvements? the fundamental ingredient is the presence of change agents. Change agents are individuals who have the knowledge, skills and tools to help organizations create radical improvement. They achieve results through their keen ability to facilitate groups of people through well-defined processes to develop, organize, and sell new ideas. They are the invisible hands that turn vision into action. The Change Agentes Guide to Radical Improvement is a comprehensive how-to book, packed with all of the information and tools necessary to make any improvement project a rousing success. Its unique methods integrate the best practices in organizational development, team building, voice of the customer, reengineering, problem solving, creativity, innovation, and project management. the systematic change agent model introduced in this book will help you: Pick the right improvement projects to work on, by diagnosing the real issues effecting the organization. Organize the project so that it has the best chance to succeed, by uncovering the projectes success criteria, securing management support, and building the right team. Select the best change process to improve customer satisfaction, reengineer a process, solve a problem or develop a plan. Generate innovative out of the box ideas that dramatically impact the bottom line. Navigate the politics of change; ensuring radical ideas become radical improvements.

Bioconjugate Techniques

Author : Greg T. Hermanson
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080568726
Total Pages : 1233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioconjugate Techniques by : Greg T. Hermanson

Download or read book Bioconjugate Techniques written by Greg T. Hermanson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd Edition, is the essential guide to the modification and cross linking of biomolecules for use in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. It provides highly detailed information on the chemistry, reagent systems, and practical applications for creating labeled or conjugate molecules. It also describes dozens of reactions with details on hundreds of commercially available reagents and the use of these reagents for modifying or cross linking peptides and proteins, sugars and polysaccharides, nucleic acids and oligonucleotides, lipids, and synthetic polymers. A one-stop source for proven methods and protocols for synthesizing bioconjugates in the lab Step-by-step presentation makes the book an ideal source for researchers who are less familiar with the synthesis of bioconjugates More than 600 figures that visually describe the complex reactions associated with the synthesis of bioconjugates Includes entirely new chapters on the latest areas in the field of bioconjugation as follows: Microparticles and nanoparticlesSilane coupling agentsDendrimers and dendronsChemoselective ligationQuantum dotsLanthanide chelatesCyanine dyesDiscrete PEG compoundsBuckyballs,fullerenes, and carbon nanotubesMass tags and isotope tagsBioconjugation in the study of protein interactions

Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis

Author : Tomislav Rovis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119061016
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis by : Tomislav Rovis

Download or read book Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis written by Tomislav Rovis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spurred by the desire to make chemistry a sustainable and "greener" technology, the field of organocatalysis has grown to become one of the most important areas in synthetic organic chemistry. Organic catalysts can often replace potentially toxic metal catalysts and allow reactions to proceed under mild reaction conditions, thereby saving energy costs and rendering chemical processes inherently safer. More importantly perhaps, organocatalysis offers a complementary reactivity in many instances leading to increased versatility.This Handbook describes 126 key reagents for organocatalytic reactions and will be especially useful for professionals in the area of sustainable chemistry, medicinal research, as well as synthetic organic chemists working in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. All the information compiled in this volume is also available in electronic format on Wiley Online Library. The 126 reagents represented here are but a small fraction of the ca. 5,000 reagents available in the electronic Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (e-EROS). e-EROS offers various search interfaces to locate reagents of interest, including chemical structure, substructure and reactions search modes. e-EROS is updated regularly with new and updated entries.

Intelligent Agents V: Agents Theories, Architectures, and Languages

Author : Jörg Müller
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540490574
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Agents V: Agents Theories, Architectures, and Languages by : Jörg Müller

Download or read book Intelligent Agents V: Agents Theories, Architectures, and Languages written by Jörg Müller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-04-29 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading edge of computer science research is notoriously ?ckle. New trends come and go with alarming and unfailing regularity. In such a rapidly changing ?eld, the fact that research interest in a subject lasts more than a year is worthy of note. The fact that, after ?ve years, interest not only remains, but actually continues to grow is highly unusual. As 1998 marked the ?fth birthday of the International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL), it seemed appropriate for the organizers of the original workshop to comment on this remarkable growth, and re ect on how the ?eld has developed and matured. The ?rst ATAL workshop was co-located with the Eleventh European Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (ECAI-94), which was held in Amsterdam. The fact that we chose an AI conference to co-locate with is telling: at that time, we expected most researchers with an interest in agents to come from the AI community. The workshop, whichwasplannedoverthesummerof1993,attracted32submissions,andwasattended by 55 people.ATAL was the largest workshop at ECAI-94, and the clear enthusiasm on behalfofthecommunitymadethedecisiontoholdanotherATALworkshopsimple.The ATAL-94proceedingswereformallypublishedinJanuary1995underthetitleIntelligent Agents, and included an extensive review article, a glossary, a list of key agent systems, and — unusually for the proceedings of an academic workshop — a full subject index. Thehighscienti?candproductionvaluesembodiedbytheATAL-94proceedingsappear to have been recognized by the community, and resulted inATAL proceedings being the most successful sequence of books published in Springer-Verlag s Lecture Notes in Arti?cial Intelligence series.