Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313008515
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Great Leaders, Great Tyrants? by : Arnold Blumberg

Download or read book Great Leaders, Great Tyrants? written by Arnold Blumberg and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-01-16 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a political leader be effective without being tyrannical? Most biographies tend to treat the tyrannical aspect of a great leader's career as a contradiction to be minimized. This book examines both the creative and tyrannical aspects as the anticipated consequences of the exercise of power. Biographical profiles of 52 major world leaders throughout history feature pro/con essays reflecting contemporary views of the creative and tyrannical aspects of their record. Coverage is global, from Indira Gandhi to Fidel Castro, and spans history from the Egyptian king Akhenaton to Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the leaders profiled are Otto von Bismarck, Oliver Cromwell, Charles de Gaulle, Elizabeth I, Ho Chi Minh, Lenin, Louis XIV, Mao Zedong, Napoleon I, Kwame Nkrumah, Juan Peron, and Tito. All biographies are written by subject specialists. This work encourages critical thinking and debate about the exercise of power. Coverage is global, from Indira Gandhi to Fidel Castro, and spans history from the Egyptian king Akhenaton to Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the leaders profiled are Otto von Bismarck, Oliver Cromwell, Charles de Gaulle, Elizabeth I, Ho Chi Minh, Lenin, Louis XIV, Mao Zedong, Napoleon I, Kwame Nkrumah, Juan Peron, and Tito. Each biography begins with full name, dates of the leader's lifetime, offices held, and a general introduction placing the leader in historical context. A full biographical essay follows. The editor then presents two essays, in debate format, contrasting the creative and tyrannical roles of the subject from a contemporary viewpoint. Each biography concludes with suggestions for additional reading about the subject. An important resource tool, students will use Great Leaders, Great Tyrants? for debate and critical examination of periods of world history and the exercise of power.

Patriots and Tyrants

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780847684427
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis Patriots and Tyrants by : Ross Marlay

Download or read book Patriots and Tyrants written by Ross Marlay and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative text explores the extraordinary personal and political lives of ten leaders who profoundly changed twentieth-century Asian history. China, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia are interpreted through the lives of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Mohandas Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh, Ngo Dinh Diem, Norodom Sihanouk, Pol Pot, Sukarno, and Suharto. Some recast their countries by force of arms, others by the power of their ideology. Some were born into poverty, others into privilege. Some were democrats, some autocrats, some communists. But however great their differences, each can claim to be an authentic nationalist. Using a biographical approach, this book will stimulate students to think about the relationship between political leadership and nationalism.

A Brotherhood of Tyrants

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Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1615927832
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis A Brotherhood of Tyrants by : D. Jablow Hershman

Download or read book A Brotherhood of Tyrants written by D. Jablow Hershman and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, and Joseph Stalin were three tyrants, and the effects of their brutal regimes are still with us. Each attained absolute power, and misused it in a gargantuan fashion, leaving in his wake a trail of hatred, devastation, and death.In A Brotherhood of Tyrants, D. Jablow Hershman and Julian Lieb uncover manic depression as a hidden cause of dictatorship, war, and mass killing. In comparing these three tyrants, they describe a number of behavioral similarities supporting the contention that a specific psychiatric disorder - manic depression - can be one of the key factors in such political pathologies as tyranny and terrorism.Manic depressive disorder has also produced the great destroyers in history - when in addition to ambition and egotism have been added large measures of ruthlessness, willfulness, utter intolerance of criticism, a consuming need to dominate others, paranoia, and megalomania.Focusing on these three dictators, A Brotherhood of Tyrants argues that manic depression has always been, and continues to be, a critical factor in compelling some individuals to seek political power and to become tyrants. It powerfully demonstrates how this disorder is the source of many of the typical characteristics - including grandiosity and megalomania - of a tyrannical personality and provides a manual for the identification of the psychotic tyrant.In their epilogue, the authors outline the clinical signs of manic depression as described in the classic studies of the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926). They apply these clinical signs and symptoms to the pathologies of four notorious mass killers of recent times: David Koresh, Jeffrey Dahmer, Jim Jones, and Colin Ferguson. They argue that if these individuals had been identified in time as manic depressives, they could have been successfully treated, and hundreds of innocent lives could have been saved.

Modern Tyrants

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691027777
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Tyrants by : Daniel Chirot

Download or read book Modern Tyrants written by Daniel Chirot and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-05 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with its much vaunted progress in scientific and economic realms, the twentieth century has witnessed the rise of the most brutal and oppressive regimes in the history of humankind. Even with the collapse of Marxism, current instances of "ethnic cleansing" remind us that tyranny persists in our own age and shows no sign of abating. Daniel Chirot offers an important and timely study of modern tyrants, both revealing the forces that allow them to come to power and helping us to predict where they may arise in the future.

Dictators and Tyrants

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780816028665
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictators and Tyrants by : Alan Axelrod

Download or read book Dictators and Tyrants written by Alan Axelrod and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Profiles the individuals who took history into their hands to gain control of a people, an empire or a state, from the pharoahs of ancient Egypt to Saddam Hussein in our own time

A Wolf in the City

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190678860
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis A Wolf in the City by : Cinzia Arruzza

Download or read book A Wolf in the City written by Cinzia Arruzza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of tyranny preoccupied Plato, and its discussion both begins and ends his famous Republic. Though philosophers have mined the Republic for millennia, Cinzia Arruzza is the first to devote a full book to the study of tyranny and of the tyrant's soul in Plato's Republic. In A Wolf in the City, Arruzza argues that Plato's critique of tyranny intervenes in an ancient debate concerning the sources of the crisis of Athenian democracy and the relation between political leaders and demos in the last decades of the fifth century BCE. Arruzza shows that Plato's critique of tyranny should not be taken as veiled criticism of the Syracusan tyrannical regime, but rather of Athenian democracy. In parsing Plato's discussion of the soul of the tyrant, Arruzza will also offer new and innovative insights into his moral psychology, addressing much-debated problems such as the nature of eros and of the spirited part of the soul, the unity or disunity of the soul, and the relation between the non-rational parts of the soul and reason.

Dictators and Tyrants

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Publisher : Capstone
ISBN 13 : 1429634235
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictators and Tyrants by : Michael Burgan

Download or read book Dictators and Tyrants written by Michael Burgan and published by Capstone. This book was released on 2010 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides short biographies of some of history's most infamous dictators and tyrants, detailing their desire for power and their violent ways.

Tyrants

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Publisher : Arcturus Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782122559
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Tyrants by : Nigel Cawthorne

Download or read book Tyrants written by Nigel Cawthorne and published by Arcturus Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I have committed many acts of cruelty and had an incalculable number of men killed, never knowing whether what I did was right. But I am indifferent to what people think of me." - Genghis Khan A spine-chilling chronicle of dictators and their crimes against humanity, Tyrants introduces the most bloodthirsty madmen - and women - ever to wield power over their unfortunate fellow human beings. From Herod the Great, persecutor of the infant Jesus, to Adolf Hitler, mass murderer and instigator of the most devastating war the world has ever known, this book examines history's most infamous despots and tells in vivid detail the story of the lives they led, their ruthless climb to the top and the destruction and sorrow they left in their wake. Unflinching in its coverage, Tyrants is a gripping and compelling portrait of the darker side of politics and power, revealing the strange and grisly stories behind the world's most infamous autocrats.

Blood of Tyrants

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Publisher : Encounter Books
ISBN 13 : 1594037671
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood of Tyrants by : Logan Beirne

Download or read book Blood of Tyrants written by Logan Beirne and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood of Tyrants reveals the surprising details of our Founding Fathers’ approach to government and this history’s impact on today. Delving into forgotten—and often lurid—facts of the Revolutionary War, Logan Beirne focuses on the nation’s first commander in chief, George Washington, as he shaped the very meaning of the United States Constitution in the heat of battle. Key episodes of the Revolution illustrate how the Founders dealt with thorny wartime issues: How do we protect citizens’ rights when the nation is struggling to defend itself? Who decides war strategy? When should we use military tribunals instead of civilian trials? Should we inflict harsh treatment on enemy captives if it means saving American lives? Beirne finds evidence in previously unexplored documents such as General Washington’s letters debating the use of torture, an eyewitness account of the military tribunal that executed a British prisoner, Founders’ letters warning against government debt, and communications pointing to a power struggle between Washington and the Continental Congress. Vivid stories from the Revolution set the stage for Washington’s pivotal role in the drafting of the Constitution. The Founders saw the first American commander in chief as the template for all future presidents: a leader who would fiercely defend Americans’ rights and liberties against all forms of aggression. Pulling the reader directly into dramatic scenes from history, Blood of Tyrants fills a void in our understanding of the presidency and our ingenious Founders’ pragmatic approach to issues we still face today.

Bad Leadership

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Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422163237
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis Bad Leadership by : Barbara Kellerman

Download or read book Bad Leadership written by Barbara Kellerman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2004-09-27 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is Saddam Hussein like Tony Blair? Or Kenneth Lay like Lou Gerstner? Answer: They are, or were, leaders. Many would argue that tyrants, corrupt CEOs, and other abusers of power and authority are not leaders at all--at least not as the word is currently used. But, according to Barbara Kellerman, this assumption is dangerously naive. A provocative departure from conventional thinking, Bad Leadership compels us to see leadership in its entirety. Kellerman argues that the dark side of leadership--from rigidity and callousness to corruption and cruelty--is not an aberration. Rather, bad leadership is as ubiquitous as it is insidious--and so must be more carefully examined and better understood. Drawing on high-profile, contemporary examples--from Mary Meeker to David Koresh, Bill Clinton to Radovan Karadzic, Al Dunlap to Leona Helmsley--Kellerman explores seven primary types of bad leadership and dissects why and how leaders cross the line from good to bad. The book also illuminates the critical role of followers, revealing how they collaborate with, and sometimes even cause, bad leadership. Daring and counterintuitive, Bad Leadership makes clear that we need to face the dark side to become better leaders and followers ourselves. Barbara Kellerman is research director of the Center for Public Leadership and a lecturer in public policy at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

On Leaders and Tyrants

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780674297128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (971 download)

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Book Synopsis On Leaders and Tyrants by : Poggio Bracciolini

Download or read book On Leaders and Tyrants written by Poggio Bracciolini and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Leaders and Tyrants contains works, the majority by Renaissance humanist Poggio Bracciolini, relating to a debate on Scipio Africanus and Julius Caesar that discusses tyranny, military glory, and leadership qualities. This volume contains a fresh edition of the Latin texts and the first complete translation of the controversy into English.

Work Made Fun Gets Done!

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Publisher : Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN 13 : 152309236X
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Work Made Fun Gets Done! by : Bob Nelson

Download or read book Work Made Fun Gets Done! written by Bob Nelson and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bob Nelson, author of the multimillion-copy bestseller 1001 Ways to Reward Employees, and human performance expert Mario Tamayo offer hundreds of practical, creative tips for helping employees—and their managers—make work more fun. According to the employees that work for firms listed in Fortune's “100 Best Companies to Work for in America,” the most defining characteristic of these organizations is they are all “fun” places to work. Fun is the secret sauce every business needs to better engage and motivate its employees today. Work Made Fun Gets Done! gives readers simple, practical ideas for instantly bringing fun into their work and workplace. Based on examples from scores of companies like Zoom, Pinterest, Bank of America, Zappos, Honda, Microsoft, and many more, this book provides clear examples of exactly what managers and employees alike can do to lighten the tone in the work environment and allow employees to have more fun at work. From AAA's “Dump a Dog” program where workers can pass their least-wanted project on to their manager and Houzz's complimentary office slippers to CARFAX's themed-wardrobe Zoom meetings and Google's company-approved Nerf-gun battles and paper airplane contests, you'll find dozens of ideas you can immediately adapt and implement in your own workplace. Work and fun have typically been considered polar opposites, but this book proves they can be integrated in ways that produce more motivated workers—and exceptional results.

Confidante of 'Tyrants'

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Publisher : New Internationalist
ISBN 13 : 1780264682
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Confidante of 'Tyrants' by : Eva Golinger

Download or read book Confidante of 'Tyrants' written by Eva Golinger and published by New Internationalist. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When US lawyer Eva Golinger first spent some time in Venezuela uncovering her ancestral roots, she little realized how the country was going to change her life. Within a few years she had become an enthusiast for the Bolivarian Revolution and a close confidante of its charismatic leader, Hugo Chávez. She achieved worldwide notoriety by exposing and condemning US intervention in Venezuela and ended up travelling with Chávez all over the world, spending time with many other controversial leaders. In this frank and disarming memoir, she tells the full story of her time in Chávez’s inner circle and reflects on what she has learned about revolutionary politics, about the dangers of authoritarian populism – and about herself. Confidante of Tyrants is told from a very personal, intimate, insider perspective of what it's like to be an American woman who was drawn to a movement pledging to fight for social justice with a very charismatic leader. Eva was behind the scenes of global power. She wandered the halls of presidential palaces, rubbed elbows with controversial world leaders, and was courted by declared enemies of her own country. She would come to know and even befriend some of these men, who so many in the world saw as tyrants. She saw them unveiled and had privileged access to Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro, Vladimir Putin, Bashar al Assad, Muammar Gaddafi, Julian Assange and other vilified strongmen and U.S. enemies. She was a witness to their capacity to garner the attention and support of millions, and saw how they used it to create and expand their power.

The Tyrants of Syracuse Volume I

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Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1848849346
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tyrants of Syracuse Volume I by : Jeff Champion

Download or read book The Tyrants of Syracuse Volume I written by Jeff Champion and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume one of this sweeping history chronicles the turbulent ancient history of Syracuse from the rise of Gelon to the death of Dionysius I. Situated at the heart of the Mediterranean, Syracuse was one of the most important city-states of the classical Greek world. Coveted for its wealth and strategic location, it was caught in the middle as Carthage, Epirus, Athens and then Rome each battled to gain control of the region. The threat of expansionist enemies on all sides made for a tumultuous situation within the city, resulting in repeated coups and a series of remarkable tyrants, such as Gelon, Timoleon and Dionysius. In volume one of The Tyrants of Syracuse, Jeff Champion traces the course of Syracuse's wars from the Battle of Himera against the Carthaginians down to the death of Dionysius I, whose reign proved to be the high tide of the city's power and influence. Within this period, Syracuse heroically defeated the Athenian force that besieged them for more than two years—an event with far-reaching ramifications.

Spin Dictators

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691247617
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Dictators by : Daniel Treisman

Download or read book Spin Dictators written by Daniel Treisman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Yorker Best Book of the Year A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year An Atlantic Best Book of the Year A Financial Times Best Politics Book of the Year How a new breed of dictators holds power by manipulating information and faking democracy Hitler, Stalin, and Mao ruled through violence, fear, and ideology. But in recent decades a new breed of media-savvy strongmen has been redesigning authoritarian rule for a more sophisticated, globally connected world. In place of overt, mass repression, rulers such as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Viktor Orbán control their citizens by distorting information and simulating democratic procedures. Like spin doctors in democracies, they spin the news to engineer support. Uncovering this new brand of authoritarianism, Sergei Guriev and Daniel Treisman explain the rise of such “spin dictators,” describing how they emerge and operate, the new threats they pose, and how democracies should respond. Spin Dictators traces how leaders such as Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew and Peru’s Alberto Fujimori pioneered less violent, more covert, and more effective methods of monopolizing power. They cultivated an image of competence, concealed censorship, and used democratic institutions to undermine democracy, all while increasing international engagement for financial and reputational benefits. The book reveals why most of today’s authoritarians are spin dictators—and how they differ from the remaining “fear dictators” such as Kim Jong-un and Bashar al-Assad, as well as from masters of high-tech repression like Xi Jinping. Offering incisive portraits of today’s authoritarian leaders, Spin Dictators explains some of the great political puzzles of our time—from how dictators can survive in an age of growing modernity to the disturbing convergence and mutual sympathy between dictators and populists like Donald Trump.

To Stop a Tyrant

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781637560563
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis To Stop a Tyrant by : Ira Chaleff

Download or read book To Stop a Tyrant written by Ira Chaleff and published by . This book was released on 2024-09-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a sad fact that the world is awash in political tyrants. ​So is human history. Ira Chaleff, an expert in political followership and one of the 100 "Best Minds in Leadership" (Leadership Excellence magazine) reveals how political followers can make or "brake" toxic leaders and what we can do--no matter our level of political influence or where we sit on the political spectrum--to support beneficial leaders and stop the rise of would-be tyrants. Political tyrants are one of the most destructive forces in the world, perpetrating mass oppression, suffering, war, and genocide. Unfortunately, we are no closer to eliminating this scourge of human political organization than we have ever been. Wherever you are on the political spectrum, you may have growing--even alarming--concerns about the potential impact of destructive political leaders on your country and those you love. You see increasing attempts by these leaders to use the power of the media and government to control the citizenry, enrich their cronies, turn ordinary people against each other, and weaken the checks and balances on which democracies depend. At the same time, you may feel despair about your ability to make a difference on the course of events, or feel unsure of how to take a stand. Ira Chaleff, with his long and deep exposure to leadership and followership at high levels of government service, and his extensive research into abuses of power, shows us that we, too, have power--and maybe more than we think. But it must be used in timely and politically savvy ways. Chaleff unpacks the choices for action available to us depending on our circle of influence in relation to political leaders whom we support or oppose. He explores the pressures found in each of these circles and identifies windows of opportunity for interrupting a progression from governance to tyrannical rule. Chaleff reveals the follower's ability to make a tangible difference in preventing the rise and consolidation of power of toxic political leaders. He offers his readers a sense of real personal agency in place of feelings of helplessness and anxiety. Building on the success of his award-winning books, The Courageous Follower and Intelligent Disobedience, Chaleff's timely new book provides a mirror, a map, and guideposts for looking at ourselves and our ability to create better political leadership that we crave for our communities and our nation. Ira Chaleff spent thirty years in Washington D.C., as executive director, chair, and now chair-emeritus of the Congressional Management Foundation, a non-partisan organization working on both sides of the political aisle to improve communication between constituents and their representatives. From this vantage point he has worked with Democrats and Republicans, has seen the best and worst of both and the influential role played by their staffs. This platform has taken him to global engagements in countries struggling to establish viable democracies in the face of a long history of military and dictatorial rule. This gives him a unique perspective from which to write a non-partisan and global examination of the strengths and dangers of political leadership. Ira has conducted hundreds of workshops for US federal employees on courageous leading and following and coached mid-level and senior executives in a wide range of government agencies. These activities have given him further insight into the relationship of elected office holders, their political appointees, and career civil servants. His work has found its way into the cultures of many federal agencies, the US military, and globally in venues such as the European Union, the British Army, and African and Asian leadership development programs. He has served on the board of the International Leadership Association and was a visiting leadership scholar at Churchill College, The University of Cambridge, England. He continues to write and lecture from his home in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia.

Death to Tyrants!

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Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691156905
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Death to Tyrants! by : David Teegarden

Download or read book Death to Tyrants! written by David Teegarden and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-24 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Death to Tyrants! is the first comprehensive study of ancient Greek tyrant-killing legislation--laws that explicitly gave individuals incentives to "kill a tyrant." David Teegarden demonstrates that the ancient Greeks promulgated these laws to harness the dynamics of mass uprisings and preserve popular democratic rule in the face of anti-democratic threats. He presents detailed historical and sociopolitical analyses of each law and considers a variety of issues: What is the nature of an anti-democratic threat? How would various provisions of the laws help pro-democrats counter those threats? And did the laws work? Teegarden argues that tyrant-killing legislation facilitated pro-democracy mobilization both by encouraging brave individuals to strike the first blow against a nondemocratic regime and by convincing others that it was safe to follow the tyrant killer's lead. Such legislation thus deterred anti-democrats from staging a coup by ensuring that they would be overwhelmed by their numerically superior opponents. Drawing on modern social science models, Teegarden looks at how the institution of public law affects the behavior of individuals and groups, thereby exploring the foundation of democracy's persistence in the ancient Greek world. He also provides the first English translation of the tyrant-killing laws from Eretria and Ilion. By analyzing crucial ancient Greek tyrant-killing legislation, Death to Tyrants! explains how certain laws enabled citizens to draw on collective strength in order to defend and preserve their democracy in the face of motivated opposition.