Government And Economies In The Postwar World

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Government and Economies in the Postwar World

Author : Andrew Graham
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134907303
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Government and Economies in the Postwar World by : Andrew Graham

Download or read book Government and Economies in the Postwar World written by Andrew Graham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chance to begin anew seldom occurs. Yet the nearly complete breakdown of the world economy between 1939 and 1945, together with the dominant position of the United States at the end of the war, provided just this opportunity. A new international economic order was built on the ruins of the old. How this happened - and the role of government in economic performance - is the subject of this important and timely book. Written by political scientists, contemporary historians and economists, it includes ten country studies covering all the major industrialized nations in the West: the USA, USSR, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia. In each chapter readers will find information on the main objectives and instruments of economic policy, the institutional framework, where the country started from at the end of the war, and a summary of what happened thereafter both in terms of policies and outcomes. Each chapter also contains data on the country's economic performance, a list of selected dates of important events, and a guide to further reading. The book begins with an overview of the sytem of international trade and payments since the war, and ends with five commentaries drawing attention to contrasts and similarities between the nations. The commentaries feature David Henderson, Head of the Economics Division of the OECD, on the overall economic performance, Charles Feinstein on the influence of different starting points, David Marquand on the effect of different political and institutional structures, and Sidney Pollard on economic policies and traditions. Learning from other countries' experience as well as understanding how they see their own problems is increasingly important with 1992, glasnost', and the problem of international policy coordination between the USA, Japan, and Germany so high on the agenda. No other book provides such a wide-ranging account of how the industrialized world came to be where it is today.

Government and Economies in the Postwar World

Author : Anthony Seldon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (756 download)

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Book Synopsis Government and Economies in the Postwar World by : Anthony Seldon

Download or read book Government and Economies in the Postwar World written by Anthony Seldon and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Extraordinary Time

Author : Marc Levinson
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465096565
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis An Extraordinary Time by : Marc Levinson

Download or read book An Extraordinary Time written by Marc Levinson and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decades after World War II were a golden age across much of the world. It was a time of economic miracles, an era when steady jobs were easy to find and families could see their living standards improving year after year. And then, around 1973, the good times vanished. The world economy slumped badly, then settled into the slow, erratic growth that had been the norm before the war. The result was an era of anxiety, uncertainty, and political extremism that we are still grappling with today. In An Extraordinary Time, acclaimed economic historian Marc Levinson describes how the end of the postwar boom reverberated throughout the global economy, bringing energy shortages, financial crises, soaring unemployment, and a gnawing sense of insecurity. Politicians, suddenly unable to deliver the prosperity of years past, railed haplessly against currency speculators, oil sheikhs, and other forces they could not control. From Sweden to Southern California, citizens grew suspicious of their newly ineffective governments and rebelled against the high taxes needed to support social welfare programs enacted when coffers were flush. Almost everywhere, the pendulum swung to the right, bringing politicians like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan to power. But their promise that deregulation, privatization, lower tax rates, and smaller government would restore economic security and robust growth proved unfounded. Although the guiding hand of the state could no longer deliver the steady economic performance the public had come to expect, free-market policies were equally unable to do so. The golden age would not come back again. A sweeping reappraisal of the last sixty years of world history, An Extraordinary Time forces us to come to terms with how little control we actually have over the economy.

Remaking the Postwar World Economy

Author : P. Burnham
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230375235
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Remaking the Postwar World Economy by : P. Burnham

Download or read book Remaking the Postwar World Economy written by P. Burnham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Burnham presents a detailed, archive-based account of the keys aspects of international monetary relations in the 1950s focusing in particular on Anglo-American policy surrounding the restoration of sterling convertibility. He argues that in 1952 the British government had a unique opportunity to take an almost revolutionary step in the external field to transform the international political economy (through the abolition of the fixed rate system, the International Monetary Fund, and the European Payments Union) and restructure Britain's domestic economy to tackle longstanding productivity, export and labour market problems.

Economic Policy in Postwar Japan

Author : Kozo Yamamura
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520358600
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Policy in Postwar Japan by : Kozo Yamamura

Download or read book Economic Policy in Postwar Japan written by Kozo Yamamura and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Pacific War, Japan has, broadly speaking, pursued two economic policies: a "democratization" policy laid down by the Allied Powers, and subsequently a "de-democratization" policy formulated and vigorously pursued by the independent government. Yamamura here addresses himself to two central questions: What were the objectives and results of each policy? And why and how did the earlier one give way to the later? Yamamura never loses sight of his main theme--the transformation of the economic "democratization" policy of the Occupation period into the growth policy pursued by the Japanese government thereafter. He is concerned not so much to provide a comprehensive study of Japanese economic policy as to examine selected facets of it--for example, taxation policies, anti- and pro-monopoly legislation, the position of the Zaibatsu, and the social costs of economic concentration. He deals with topics that are hotly debated in Japan and elsewhere, but his tone is never polemical, and his judgments are cool and scholarly. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1967.

The Economics of World War I

Author : Stephen Broadberry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139448358
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of World War I by : Stephen Broadberry

Download or read book The Economics of World War I written by Stephen Broadberry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume offers a definitive new history of European economies at war from 1914 to 1918. It studies how European economies mobilised for war, how existing economic institutions stood up under the strain, how economic development influenced outcomes and how wartime experience influenced post-war economic growth. Leading international experts provide the first systematic comparison of economies at war between 1914 and 1918 based on the best available data for Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the USA, Italy, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands. The editors' overview draws some stark lessons about the role of economic development, the importance of markets and the damage done by nationalism and protectionism. A companion volume to the acclaimed The Economics of World War II, this is a major contribution to our understanding of total war.

The United States and Japan in the Postwar World

Author : Akira Iriye
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 081318312X
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis The United States and Japan in the Postwar World by : Akira Iriye

Download or read book The United States and Japan in the Postwar World written by Akira Iriye and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major phenomenon in the post-World War II world is the rise of Japan as a leading international economic and industrial power. This advance began with American aid in rebuilding the nation after the war, but it has now seen Japan rival and even outstrip the United States on several fronts. The relations between the two powers and the impact that they have on economic and political factors during the postwar years are the focus of this important book. The editors, Akira Iriye and Warren I. Cohen, themselves noted authorities on Asian affairs, have gathered here contributions from a distinguished group of American and Japanese scholars. The resulting collection represents a unique blend of viewpoints from each side of the American-Japanese relationship.

Japan since 1945

Author : Dennis Smith
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1349241261
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (492 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan since 1945 by : Dennis Smith

Download or read book Japan since 1945 written by Dennis Smith and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08-07 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few historians have attempted an account of Japan since 1945 yet the country's emergence as the second largest economy in the world has been one of the most dramatic and significant developments since the Second World War. Dennis Smith's work takes a deliberately historical approach in the belief that it is impossible to assess the nature of post-war Japan's achievement without first considering the significance of the pre-war and wartime legacy. It blends politics and economics, aware that in Japan the close links between the worlds of politics, government and of business deny rigid divisions.

Restructuring the French Economy

Author : William James Adams
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815719762
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Restructuring the French Economy by : William James Adams

Download or read book Restructuring the French Economy written by William James Adams and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of World War II, experts on both sides of the Atlantic believed that France was doomed to economic stagnation. French culture and institutions, they argued, inhibited the changes in economic structure that sustained growth would require. But in spite of these predictions and the occasional volatility of the world economy, the French economy grew rapidly. Only the Japanese, of the major economies, has grown faster, and by 1975 the French standard of living matched that of West Germany. Restructuring the French Economy looks at the four decades of the structural changes that fostered growth and explores explanations of why such changes occurred. Drawing on many and diverse primary materials, including government statistics, judicial decisions, and professional memoirs, Adams examines three different explanations of France's postwar economic success. The first downplays the extent of structural change during the surge of growth. The second emphasizes the importance of government policies to compensate for inadequate private initiative. The third suggests that European economic integration and French decolonization created enough market competition to push the private sector into its own restructuring. Adams stresses that if government initiatives worked well, they did so in an environment of strong market competition; if competition seemed to work wonders, it occurred only as a result of government actions. He also devotes considerable attention to the implications of his findings for U.S. policy concerning European protectionism and the health and growth of American industries.

A Full-Value Ruble

Author : Kristy Ironside
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674259254
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis A Full-Value Ruble by : Kristy Ironside

Download or read book A Full-Value Ruble written by Kristy Ironside and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history shows that, despite Marxism’s rejection of money, the ruble was critical to the Soviet Union’s promise of shared prosperity for its citizens. In spite of Karl Marx’s proclamation that money would become obsolete under Communism, the ruble remained a key feature of Soviet life. In fact, although Western economists typically concluded that money ultimately played a limited role in the Soviet Union, Kristy Ironside argues that money was both more important and more powerful than most histories have recognized. After the Second World War, money was resurrected as an essential tool of Soviet governance. Certainly, its importance was not lost on Soviet leaders, despite official Communist Party dogma. Money, Ironside demonstrates, mediated the relationship between the Soviet state and its citizens and was at the center of both the government’s and the people’s visions for the maturing Communist project. A strong ruble—one that held real value in workers’ hands and served as an effective labor incentive—was seen as essential to the economic growth that would rebuild society and realize Communism’s promised future of abundance. Ironside shows how Soviet citizens turned to the state to remedy the damage that the ravages of the Second World War had inflicted upon their household economies. From the late 1940s through the early 1960s, progress toward Communism was increasingly measured by the health of its citizens’ personal finances, such as greater purchasing power, higher wages, better pensions, and growing savings. However, the increasing importance of money in Soviet life did not necessarily correlate to improved living standards for Soviet citizens. The Soviet government’s achievements in “raising the people’s material welfare” continued to lag behind the West’s advances during a period of unprecedented affluence. These factors combined to undermine popular support for Soviet power and confidence in the Communist project.

Bretton Woods and Dumbarton Oaks

Author : Georg Schild
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bretton Woods and Dumbarton Oaks by : Georg Schild

Download or read book Bretton Woods and Dumbarton Oaks written by Georg Schild and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an analysis of US economic policy and security post-war planning in the Departments of State and Treasury during World War II. The planning commenced early in the war and culminated in the conferences of Bretton Woods and Dumbarton Oaks in the summer and autumn of 1944. While both departments advocated similar goals of ensuring international economic prosperity and military security after the war, they followed different strategies to achieve these goals. The Treasury Department insisted that only states that would adhere to strict fiscal and trade rules designed to increase the volume of international commerce could join the new International Monetary Department. The State Department, in contrast, did not impose such prerequisites to any state joining the collective security structure. The book offers an explanation why the two departments differed in their approach to post-war planning.

Neither War Nor Peace

Author : Hugh Seton-Watson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Neither War Nor Peace by : Hugh Seton-Watson

Download or read book Neither War Nor Peace written by Hugh Seton-Watson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Antitrust and the Formation of the Postwar World

Author : Wyatt C. Wells
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023112399X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Antitrust and the Formation of the Postwar World by : Wyatt C. Wells

Download or read book Antitrust and the Formation of the Postwar World written by Wyatt C. Wells and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of World War II, the United States devoted considerable resources to building a liberal economic order, which Washington believed was necessary to preserving not only prosperity but also peace after the war, and antitrust was a cornerstone of that policy. This fascinating book shows how the United States sought to impose its antitrust policy on other nations, especially in Europe and Japan.

Understanding United States Government Growth

Author : William Dale Berry
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding United States Government Growth by : William Dale Berry

Download or read book Understanding United States Government Growth written by William Dale Berry and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1987-10-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding United States Government Growth develops and tests alternative explanations of government growth since World War II. It opens with an analysis of debate about the causes and consequences of government growth, including the excessive government view that the public sector has grown beyond the scope demanded by citizens due to its own structural defects, and the responsive interpretation that government has gown because it has reacted appropriately to external public demands. The authors review the major political and economic explanations for government growth and criticize earlier empirical attempts to test these explanations. In the second half of the book, they distinguish four components of government growth: growth in the cost of government and growth in the scope of government activities in three domains--transfer payments, domestic purchases, and defense purchases. Both responsive and excessive explanations of each of these components of growth are developed and tested to allow an evaluation of the validity of the two contrasting views about big government.

Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today

Author : Rudiger Dornbusch
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262041362
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today by : Rudiger Dornbusch

Download or read book Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today written by Rudiger Dornbusch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case studies in this book examine significant parallels between the situation in Eastern Europe today and the issues facing Europe and Japan after World War II, offering insights on what kinds of policy actions will be most effective in this difficult period of reconstruction.The breakup of the Soviet Union and the consequent extraordinary problems faced by Eastern European nations raise pressing economic questions. The case studies in this book examine significant parallels between the situation in Eastern Europe today and the issues facing Europe and Japan after World War II, offering insights on what kinds of policy actions will be most effective in this difficult period of reconstruction. The essays address such topics as the relative roles of government and the market; economic openness; industrial conversion from war to peacetime production; the roles of institutions, enterprises, the business community, and their work staffs; and external control of policy measures, of resources made available by the outside world, and of the general external environment. In their introductory chapter, the editors provide an overview that addresses the question of whether reconstruction can ever be managed smoothly.ContentsOpenness, Wage Restraint, and Macroeconomic Stability: West Germany's Road to Prosperity 1948-1959, H. Giersch, K. H. Paqué, M. Schmieding - The Lucky Miracle: Germany 1945-1951, H. Wolf - Inflation and Stabilization in Italy 1946-1951, M. De Cecco and F. Giavazzi - Economic Reconstruction in France 1945-1958, G. Saint-Paul - Reconstruction and the U.K. Postwar Welfare State: False Start and New Beginning, P. Minford - A Perspective on Postwar Reconstruction in Finland, J. Paunio - The Reconstruction and Stabilization of the Postwar Japanese Economy, K. Hamada and M. Kasuya - The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program, J. B. De Long and B. Eichengreen - Lessons for Eastern Europe Today, 0. Blanchard, R. Portes, W. Nolling

The Making of the German Post-War Economy

Author : Christian L. Glossner
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857714589
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making of the German Post-War Economy by : Christian L. Glossner

Download or read book The Making of the German Post-War Economy written by Christian L. Glossner and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-28 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years following the end of World War II in Germany were a significant period of change and upheaval. This book on the economic reconstruction of post-war West Germany traces the development of economic and socio-political ideas, and their gradual absorption by mainstream politicians, officials and the general public during the period of transition between 1945 and 1949. In the aftermath of World War II, several German think-tanks, political parties and individuals gave impulse to and then shaped the development of a viable socio-political and economic model between the extremes of laissez-faire capitalism and the collectivist planned economy. In their endeavours to bring into effect their particular economic ideas - often diametrically opposed to one another - the parties of left and right stimulated not only academic and political debate, but also public debate about the political and economic reconstruction of occupied post-war Germany. While all the various neo-liberal approaches assigned to the people sovereign and decisive status in the institutional economic order, and recognised the interdependence of politics, economics and the public, one particular school of economic thought outpaced the others in communicating a model of coordinated economic and social policy, namely the Social Market Economy. Christian Glossner here investigates whether or not it was primarily the subtlety of the political campaign for this model that led to its implementation by the then Economic Council and eventual validation by the German electorate. The programmes published by the principal academic and political groups of the time and the practical day-to-day decisions of the first parliament in post-war Germany are analysed with reference to popular preferences. By examining both the formative involvement of German parties in post-war reconstruction and the role of the public during the process of economic liberalisation, this book provides explanations for why the Social Market Economy prevailed as the socio-political and economic model for the Federal Republic of Germany. It will be of interest to scholars of German, economic and twentieth-century history.

NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War

Author : Curt Cardwell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139498231
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War by : Curt Cardwell

Download or read book NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War written by Curt Cardwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War re-examines the origins and implementation of NSC 68, the massive rearmament program that the United States embarked upon beginning in the summer of 1950. Curt Cardwell reinterprets the origins of NSC 68 to demonstrate that the aim of the program was less about containing communism than ensuring the survival of the nascent postwar global economy, upon which rested postwar US prosperity. The book challenges most studies on NSC 68 as a document of geostrategy and argues instead that it is more correctly understood as a document rooted in concerns for the US domestic political economy.