Glutamate

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The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle

Author : Arne Schousboe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319450964
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle by : Arne Schousboe

Download or read book The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle written by Arne Schousboe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental biochemical studies of basic brain metabolism focusing on the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA combined with the seminal observation that one of the key enzymes, glutamine synthetase is localized in astroglial cells but not in neurons resulted in the formulation of the term “The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.” In this cycle glutamate released from neurons is taken up by surrounding astrocytes, amidated by the action of glutamine synthetase to glutamine which can be transferred back to the neurons. The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is like a stealth technology, hiding the glutamate molecule which would be highly toxic to neurons due to its excitotoxic action. This series of reactions require the concerted and precise interaction of a number of enzymes and plasma membrane transporters, and this volume provides in-depth descriptions of these processes. Obviously such a series of complicated reactions may well be prone to malfunction and therefore neurological diseases are likely to be associated with such malfunction of the enzymes and transporters involved in the cycle. These aspects are also discussed in several chapters of the book. A number of leading experts in neuroscience including intermediary metabolism, enzymology and transporter physiology have contributed to this book which provides comprehensive discussions of these different aspects of the functional importance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle coupling homeostasis of glutamatergic, excitatory neurotransmission to basic aspects of brain energy metabolism. This book will be of particular importance for students as well as professionals interested in these fundamental processes involved in brain function and dysfunction.

GABA in the Nervous System

Author : David L. Martin (M.D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis GABA in the Nervous System by : David L. Martin (M.D.)

Download or read book GABA in the Nervous System written by David L. Martin (M.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GABA in the Nervous System summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of GABA as a neurotransmitter. First discovered as an inhibitory signal in 1950, GABA may also fulfill a decisive role in diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, stroke, and other clinical problems. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of GABA at both the molecular and systemic level. Each chapter provides a balanced view of current knowledge while referencing historical discoveries during the last half-century

Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309212219
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue

Author : Santokh Gill
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030648644X
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue by : Santokh Gill

Download or read book Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue written by Santokh Gill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate receptors (GluRs) in the central nervous system have been the subject of intense investigations for several decades, providing new avenues for the understanding of excitatory neurotransmission, excitotoxicity, mechanisms of injury, and therapeutics for several acute neurological conditions, such as brain trauma, and for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders including addictions, Alzheimer disease, etc. Evidences of GluRs beyond the central nervous system were first reported in the early 1990s. When the idea of this book was conceived, the knowledge, specificity, and functional significance of GluRs in peripheral tissues was still in its embryonic stage. From our perspective, the idea of GluRs in peripheral tissues arose from our research on seafood toxins (see Chapter 1), and has now been reinforced by the results of other scientists working in similar areas. In this book, we have invited some of the leading authorities in the field to summarize their findings and to provide a framework for further investigations. The book is divided into three sections— Part I is on general concepts and concentrates on the distribution and cell-specific localiza tion of glutamate receptors, their transporters, and the pharmacology in peripheral tissues and organs. Part II emphasizes the presence and implications of these receptors in specific target tissues, organs, and systems, including liver, lungs, endocrine tissues, bone, immune system, etc. Part III focuses on glutamate receptors in plants to illustrate their presence beyond the animal kingdom.

GABA And Glutamate

Author : Janko Samardzic
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138219
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis GABA And Glutamate by : Janko Samardzic

Download or read book GABA And Glutamate written by Janko Samardzic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.

Glutamate

Author : J. Storm-Mathisen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080532578
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate by : J. Storm-Mathisen

Download or read book Glutamate written by J. Storm-Mathisen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume presents a comprehensive and up-to-date treatise of the glutamatergic synapse and its environment. Particular emphasis is on the localizations of the molecular constituents of the synaptic machinery. Immunogold and other high-resolution methods are used extensively. Each chapter presents new data that have not previously been reviewed. The material presented forms the basis for work directed to understanding the functional properties of excitatory synapses in greater depth, to discover mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and novel methods for treatment. Chapter 1 deals with the transmitter molecule itself, mechanisms of release and pathways for glutamate synthesis. The anatomy of glutamatergic nerve projection pathways in different brain regions is dealt with. In Chapter 2, focus is on aspartate, the enigmatic congener of glutamate, and its possible role in excitatory neurotransmission. Chapters 3 through 6 deal with glutamate receptors. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents an in situ hybridization atlas of the different classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The localizations of these receptors at the regional and synaptic level are presented in Chapter 5. The ways in which the receptors are brought to the synapse and held in position are the subject of Chapter 6. Chapter 7 deals with the enzymes responsible for formation and catabolism of glutamate. In Chapter 8, the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels by glutamate transporters is discussed. The final two chapters of the volume focus on two "model synapses" that, due to special features, lend themselves particularly well to demonstrating properties of glutamatergic synapses. The hair cell-to-afferent nerve terminal synapses in the inner ear (Chapter 9), with their supporting cells, share essential properties with glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system. The salient features of the latter are illustrated by the synapses of the giant reticulo-spinal axons of the lamprey, used to unravel molecular mechanisms of the cycling of synaptic vesicles (Chapter 10).

Ageing and Dementia

Author : Kurt Jellinger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783211837979
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Ageing and Dementia by : Kurt Jellinger

Download or read book Ageing and Dementia written by Kurt Jellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies, modern clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular biological, and genetic studies have considerably enhanced our knowledge about ageing processes of the human brain, its sequelae, diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities and limits. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative dementias, the impact of cerebrovascular lesions and their risk factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders of the aged are increasingly acknowledged, and the recognition of mild cognitive impairment as a frequent initial stage of developing dementia is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The included papers were presented at the 7th International Symposium in Graz, Sept. 2001 and give a timely overview of the current and future concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of pathological brain ageing and dementias, early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and future possiblities of prevention of dementing processes.

The Glutamate Receptors

Author : Robert W. Gereau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597450553
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glutamate Receptors by : Robert W. Gereau

Download or read book The Glutamate Receptors written by Robert W. Gereau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-23 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful and comprehensive book covers nearly every aspect of glutamate receptor structure and function for the working researcher and student. It condenses two previous landmark volumes into one easily accessible volume, and covers the extraordinary research and significant developments in the decade since the previous books were published. This includes the central role glutamate receptors play in neurotransmission.

Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders

Author : Werner Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592598528
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders by : Werner Schmidt

Download or read book Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders written by Werner Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-21 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illuminating summary of our current understanding of the interactive role of dopamine and glutamate in psychiatric diseases and the therapeutic strategies and possibilities for future treatment. Among the new ideas presented are hypotheses on the role of dopamine and glutamate in aggression, the glutamate system in anxiety disorders, glutamate and neurodegeneration, and on the origin and progression of Parkinson's disease. Additional chapters offer novel insights into a variety of psychiatric diseases, including ADHD, stress, aggression, addiction, schizophrenia, depression, social phobias, dementias, bulimia, and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Each chapter summarizes the prevalence and symptoms of the disease and explains the involvement of dopamine and/or glutamate systems using the newer molecular approaches such as transgenic knockout or knockin mice and recent brain imaging techniques.

Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters

Author : Jan Egebjerg
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780748408818
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters by : Jan Egebjerg

Download or read book Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters written by Jan Egebjerg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous presence of glutamate and GABA receptors in the nervous system makes these receptor systems pivotal to our understanding of neurotransmission. Cloning of the molecular components of these receptor systems has provided insights to the selectivity of many drugs and detailed characterisation at the molecular level is emerging. Moreover, continuous development of novel and selective drugs has revealed detailed information on the mechanism of receptor activation and regulation. However, the rapid development of different aspects of glutamate and GABA receptor research makes it increasingly difficult to establish a general view of the field. Studies of the receptors are a multi-disciplinary task employing many specialised techniques. This book conveys recent discoveries in a framework of the basic concepts in the field of glutamate and GABA receptor research. Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters: Structure, Function and Pharmacology is suitable for postgraduate students studying ligand gated channels but also beneficial for industrial and academic research scientists in both the glutamate and GABA field. Universities offering programs in neuroscience, molecular pharmacology or medicinal chemistry will find this a valuable reference.

Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders

Author : Phil Skolnick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034602413
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders by : Phil Skolnick

Download or read book Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders written by Phil Skolnick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-07 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors present attractive “druggable” targets in treating disorders of the central nervous system. There has been a dramatic shift in the focus of glutamate-based therapies away from neurologic disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This “Milestones in Drug Therapy” volume offers a unique, contemporary overview of preclinical and clinical evidence that modulating glutamatergic tone is an effective means of treating psychiatric disorders ranging from depression and anxiety to schizophrenia and drug abuse. The ability to treat diseases such as depression and schizophrenia through multiple, glutamate-based mechanisms offers a unique therapeutic opportunity, as described in this book.

Direct and Allosteric Control of Glutamate Receptors

Author : Michael G. Palfreyman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849383076
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct and Allosteric Control of Glutamate Receptors by : Michael G. Palfreyman

Download or read book Direct and Allosteric Control of Glutamate Receptors written by Michael G. Palfreyman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-08-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct and Allosteric Control of Glutamate Receptors describes in detail recent research that has demonstrated that glutamate receptors are subject to numerous modulatory controls. Significant new insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of the nervous system have been obtained by these discoveries. The sites on the receptor proteins where modulation occurs have provided a platform of opportunities for medicinal chemists to design new therapeutic modalities. These new drugs will be of major significance in treating diseases (such as stroke, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, Parkinson's, Huntington's, neurotrauma, schizophrenia, pain, and anxiety) associated with abnormal excitatory amino acid neurotransmission and function.

Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals

Author : Elling Kvamme
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351080741
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals by : Elling Kvamme

Download or read book Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals written by Elling Kvamme and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the joint effort of a great many top scientists, this book covers most aspects of the metabolism and function of glutamine and glutamate in mammals.

Glutamate and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Author : Zoran M. Pavlovic
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303087480X
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate and Neuropsychiatric Disorders by : Zoran M. Pavlovic

Download or read book Glutamate and Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Zoran M. Pavlovic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-10 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in targeting glutamate signaling for the treatment of major psychiatric and neurological disorders. It draws on the latest findings in glutamate neurobiology and offers valuable insights into the application of translational principles in neuroscience drug discovery and development. In each chapter, glutamate as a neurotransmitter, its receptors and transporters, and their interplay with other neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, are discussed in the context of a specific, highly prevalent and disabling CNS disease. Most recent and detailed information is provided on Ischemic Stroke, Chronic Stress, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer’s Dementia, Schizophrenia, Impulsive Aggression, Substance Use Disorders (SUD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Chronic Pain, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Migraine, Epilepsy and Anxiety disorders. Moreover, the book includes an extensive overview of glutamatergic treatments already available on the market, and those which are currently in pharmaceutical drug development pipelines. The primary beneficiaries will be neurology and psychiatry specialists and residents, neuroscientists, neuropharmacologists, pharmaceutical industry and clinical research organization professionals, academics, and clinicians working with psychiatric and neurological patients with comorbidities such as cardiologists, pulmonologists, and endocrinologists. This book will also appeal to psychiatry and neurology subspecialists and clinicians working in neuroscience labs seeking an easy-to-understand yet comprehensive overview of contemporary evidence-based clinical insights backed by basic science (preclinical) research evidence. Given its scope, the book is also a unique and indispensable resource for both preclinical and clinical neuroscientists, medical advisors, and clinical research specialists in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it will appeal to neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology students and guide them through the complexities of glutamate involvement in the pathophysiology of the most common debilitating brain diseases with high unmet medical needs.

Glutamate and Addiction

Author : Barbara H. Herman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592593062
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate and Addiction by : Barbara H. Herman

Download or read book Glutamate and Addiction written by Barbara H. Herman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Glutamate and Addiction, world-renowned scientific experts critically review all of the evidence for the role of glutamatergic systems in opiate, stimulant, and alcohol addiction. Using a variety of pharmacological, biochemical, genetic, and brain imaging techniques, these investigators show precisely how glutamate affects such addictions and how modifying certain elements of the glutamatergic system appear to alleviate particular components of addiction. Their survey takes in both clinical approaches using medications that influence glutamate and cutting-edge preclinical approaches that manipulate specific subtypes of glutamate receptors or specific substrates of the "glutamate cascade" to determine their roles in various addictive states.

Glutamate-Related Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Author : Hsien-Yuan Lane
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889633799
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Disorders by : Hsien-Yuan Lane

Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Hsien-Yuan Lane and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Known, the Unknown, and the Future of Glutamate Transporters

Author : Zila Martinez-Lozada
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832500900
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis The Known, the Unknown, and the Future of Glutamate Transporters by : Zila Martinez-Lozada

Download or read book The Known, the Unknown, and the Future of Glutamate Transporters written by Zila Martinez-Lozada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: