Global Landscape Of Extracellular Rnas And Their Post Transcriptional Modifications In Human Biofluids

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Global Landscape of Extracellular RNAs and Their Post-transcriptional Modifications in Human Biofluids

Author : Kikuye Koyano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Landscape of Extracellular RNAs and Their Post-transcriptional Modifications in Human Biofluids by : Kikuye Koyano

Download or read book Global Landscape of Extracellular RNAs and Their Post-transcriptional Modifications in Human Biofluids written by Kikuye Koyano and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coding and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential molecules of life. While the roles of RNA have been extensively studied inside the cell, RNA has also been detected outside of the cell and stably expressed in body fluids. These extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are packaged inside vesicles, lipoproteins, or in ribonucleoprotein complexes which protect them from degradation by ribonucleases. exRNAs are thought to be involved in cell-to-cell communication by sending messages via extracellular vesicles. Previous studies primarily focused on total expression of exRNAs, especially microRNAs whose presence in the extracellular space is now well established. Other aspects of the transcriptome, such as RNA modifications, were rarely investigated in exRNA profiles. In addition to microRNAs, a plural of recent studies reported the detection of mRNA fragments in the extracellular space. However, many questions remain about the mechanisms that enable their stability, sorting, and function. In this dissertation, leveraging a large amount of public and in-house exRNA-seq data, we develop and apply bioinformatic tools to analyze the patterns of post-transcriptional modifications, mRNA fragments, and repeat-derived RNAs.We developed miNTA, a highly accurate bioinformatic method to identify 3' end non-templated additions (NTAs) on microRNAs, a type of post-transcriptional modification. We observed enriched levels of 3' uridylation across 4 biofluids, consistent with previous findings. We demonstrated that 3' uridylation levels enabled improved segregation of biofluids relative to miRNA expression levels. Next, we analyzed mRNA fragments, repeat-derived RNAs and another type of post-transcriptional modifications, RNA editing, in exRNA-seq data of 17 human biofluids. We observed enrichment of RNA binding protein (RBP) binding sites in mRNA fragments, supporting the hypothesis that RBPs play a role in selection and stability of mRNA fragments. Additionally, we reported hundreds of RNA editing sites across biofluids. Expanding upon examples of RNA editing across biofluids, we probed RNA editing differences in Alzheimer's Disease and control individuals using plasma-derived exRNA-seq data. Editing levels of differential editing sites were elevated in Alzheimer's Disease patients, including three sites whose levels correlated with patient cognitive scores. These findings support the potential to uncover useful information via RNA editing analysis in exRNA profiling.

MicroRNAs in Cancer

Author : Cesar Lopez-Camarillo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466576774
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Cancer by : Cesar Lopez-Camarillo

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th

Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

Author : Junjie Xiao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811043973
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases by : Junjie Xiao

Download or read book Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases written by Junjie Xiao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides and intensive overview on exosomes in cardiovascular diseases, its potential as biomarkers, as well as pathological and therapeutic effects. It firstly describes the general aspects of exosomes including the definition, formation and secretion of exosomes and highlight their roles as biomarkers and pathological and therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases as well. Secondly, basic aspects of exosomes including the purification methods of exosomes, exosomes content, and functional roles of the cardiovascular exosomes are summarized. Thirdly, exosomes as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases are overviewed including their roles in diagnosis, prognosis and reaction to therapy. Fourthly, pathological effects of exosomes and therapeutic effects of exosomes are highlighted. Finally, future prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular research would be provided. This is an essential reference for researchers working in cell biology and regeneration, as well as clinicians such as cardiologist.

Circulating MicroRNAs

Author : Takahiro Ochiya
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781627034524
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Circulating MicroRNAs by : Takahiro Ochiya

Download or read book Circulating MicroRNAs written by Takahiro Ochiya and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.

Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Author : Vijay Nambi
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323548369
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease by : Vijay Nambi

Download or read book Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease written by Vijay Nambi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of the ways in which biomarkers can be used to assess and guide the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting. This concise, clinically-focused resource by Dr. Vijay Nambi consolidates today's available information on this rapidly changing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for cardiology practitioners, fellows, and residents. - Covers lab standards and statistical interpretation of biomarkers with a clinical focus. - Discusses relevant conditions such as hypertension and diabetes as key markers of injury and prognosis. - Includes current information on biomarkers to assess and guide the management of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, shortness of breath, and more. - Concludes the book with a timely chapter on how biomarkers may guide cardiologists in the future.

Extracellular RNA

Author : Tushar Patel
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493976515
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (765 download)

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Book Synopsis Extracellular RNA by : Tushar Patel

Download or read book Extracellular RNA written by Tushar Patel and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a collection of methods and protocols detailing extracellular RNA and hopes to be a useful resource for those interested in this exciting and emerging field. Chapters are divided into four sections covering an overview of the field, approaches for the isolation of exRNA, protocols for detection and quantitation of exRNA, and approaches that can be useful for studies to evaluate potential therapeutic applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Extracellular RNA: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics

Author : Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128019212
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics by : Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez

Download or read book Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics written by Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics comprises 31 chapters contributed by leading active researchers in basic and clinical epigenetics. The book begins with the basis of epigenetic mechanisms and descriptions of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used in clinical diagnostics and prognostics. It goes on to discuss classical methods and next generation sequencing-based technologies to discover and analyze epigenetic biomarkers. The book concludes with an account of DNA methylation, post-translational modifications and noncoding RNAs as the most promising biomarkers for cancer (i.e. breast, lung, colon, etc.), metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes and obesity), autoimmune diseases, infertility, allergy, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The book describes the challenging aspects of research in epigenetics, and current findings regarding new epigenetic elements and modifiers, providing guidance for researchers interested in the most advanced technologies and tested biomarkers to be used in the clinical diagnosis or prognosis of disease. - Focuses on recent progress in several areas of epigenetics, general concepts regarding epigenetics, and the future prospects of this discipline in clinical diagnostics and prognostics - Describes the importance of the quality of samples and clinical associated data, and also the ethical issues for epigenetic diagnostics - Discusses the advances in epigenomics technologies, including next-generation sequencing based tools and applications - Expounds on the utility of epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, highlighting the study of these biomarkers in cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility, and infectious diseases - Includes a special section that discusses the relevance of biobanks in the maintenance of high quality biosamples and clinical-associated data, and the relevance of the ethical aspects in epigenetic studies

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes

Author : Yaoliang Tang
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128004975
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes by : Yaoliang Tang

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. - Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication - Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies - Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies

Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease

Author : Raul Delgado-Morales
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319538896
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease by : Raul Delgado-Morales

Download or read book Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease written by Raul Delgado-Morales and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA modifications, histone alterations and non-coding RNAs) are crucial for transcriptional regulation and alterations of the “physiological epigenome” are increasingly associated with human diseases. During the last decade the emerging field of neuroepigenomics have started to impact tremendously in areas such learning and memory, addiction or neurodegeneration. This expert volume covers the role of epigenetic molecular mechanism in regulation of central nervous system’s function, one of the most exciting areas of contemporary molecular neuroscience. The book describes the current knowledge on the epigenetic basis of human disease covering the complete lifespan: from neurodevelopment/childhood (Rett Syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi, autism), adolescence (eating disorders, drug addiction, anxiety), adulthood (depression, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease) and elderly (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). The book also covers the three major players on neuroepigenomic mechanisms: histones alterations, DNA modifications and non-coding RNAs, their roles at the molecular and cellular level and the impact of their alterations on neuronal function and behavior. Finally, a special chapter on state-of-the-art technologies helps the reader not only to understand epigenetic driven changes in human cognition and diseases but also the methodology that will help to generate paradigm shifts on our understanding of brain function and the role of the neuroepigenome in human diseases.

Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023

Author : Juerg Hodler
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303038490X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023 by : Juerg Hodler

Download or read book Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers an essential overview of brain, head and neck, and spine imaging. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by both clinical and technological developments. Written by leading international experts and teachers, the chapters are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The book also includes a synopsis of pediatric imaging. IDKD books are rewritten (not merely updated) every four years, which means they offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in imaging. The book is clearly structured and features learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers navigate the text. It will particularly appeal to general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic expertise, as well as clinicians from other specialties who are interested in imaging for their patient care.

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer

Author : Alfons Navarro
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071615836
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (158 download)

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Book Synopsis Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer by : Alfons Navarro

Download or read book Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer written by Alfons Navarro and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-06-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents techniques needed for the study of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer from their identification to functional characterization. Chapters guide readers through identification of lncRNA expression signatures in cancer tissue or liquid biopsies by RNAseq, single Cell RNAseq, Phospho RNAseq or Nanopore Sequencing techniques; validation of lncRNA signatures by Real time PCR, digital PCR or in situ hybridization; and functional analysis by siRNA or CRISPR based methods for lncRNA silencing or overexpression. Lipid based nanoparticles for delivery of siRNAs in vivo, lncRNA-protein interactions, viral lncRNAs and circRNAs are also treated in this volume. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and practical, Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer aims to provide a collection of laboratory protocols, bioinformatic pipelines, and review chapters to further research in this vital field.

Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease

Author : Paul Harrison
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814411981
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease by : Paul Harrison

Download or read book Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease written by Paul Harrison and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-02 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the role of extracellular vesicles (microvesicles and exosomes) is expanding rapidly. It is now apparent that far from being merely cellular debris, these vesicles play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and signaling. Moreover, they are significantly elevated in a number of diseases. This raises the question of their direct role in pathogenesis as well as their possible use as biomarkers. This book stems from the first international meeting on "Microvesicles and Nanovesicles in Health and Disease" held at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 2010. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together, for the first time, a range of experts from around the world to discuss the latest advances in this field. Key to the study of these vesicles is the availability of methodologies for their measurement in biological fluids. A major section of the meeting focused on a range of exciting new technologies which have been developed for this purpose. The presentations at this meeting form the basis of this book, which will appeal to basic scientists, clinicians, and those developing technology for the measurement of extracellular vesicles.

Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

Author : Raffaele De Caterina
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128045876
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics by : Raffaele De Caterina

Download or read book Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics written by Raffaele De Caterina and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book

Phospholipases and Prostaglandins

Author : Claudio Galli
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Phospholipases and Prostaglandins by : Claudio Galli

Download or read book Phospholipases and Prostaglandins written by Claudio Galli and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1978 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

NMR-based Metabolomics

Author : Hector C Keun
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 184973643X
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis NMR-based Metabolomics by : Hector C Keun

Download or read book NMR-based Metabolomics written by Hector C Keun and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state of the art in the application of NMR spectroscopy to metabolomics and will be a key title for researchers and practitioners.

Microbiome and Cancer

Author : Erle S. Robertson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030041557
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiome and Cancer by : Erle S. Robertson

Download or read book Microbiome and Cancer written by Erle S. Robertson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book ventures into a new and exciting area of discovery that directly ties our current knowledge of cancer to the discovery of microorganisms associated with different types of cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that microorganisms are directly linked to the establishment of cancers and that they can also contribute to the initiation, as well as persistence of, the cancers. Microbiome and Cancer covers the current knowledge of microbiome and its association with human cancers. It provides important reading for novices, senior undergraduates in cancer and microbiology, graduate students, junior investigators, residents, fellows and established investigators in the fields of cancer and microbiology. We cover areas related to known, broad concepts in microbiology and how they can relate to the ongoing discoveries of the micro-environment and the changes in the metabolic and physiologic states in that micro-environment, which are important for the ongoing nurturing and survival of the poly-microbial content that dictates activities in that micro-environment. We cover the interactions of microorganisms associated with gastric carcinomas, which are important for driving this particular cancer. Additional areas include oral cancers, skin cancers, ovarian cancers, breast cancers, nasopharyngeal cancers, lung cancers, mesotheliomas, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as the inflammatory response related to the infectious agents in cancers. This book covers the metabolic changes that occur because of infection and their support for development of cancers, chronic infection and development of therapeutic strategies for detection and control of the infection. The field of microbiome research has exploded over the last five years, and we are now understanding more and more about the context in which microorganisms can contribute to the onset of cancers in humans. The field of microbiome research has demonstrated that the human body has specific biomes for tissues and that changes in these biomes at the specific organ sites can result in disease. These changes can result in dramatic differences in metabolic shifts that, together with genetic mutations, will produce the perfect niche for establishment of the particular infection programmes in that organ site. We are just beginning to understand what those changes are and how they influence the disease state. Overall, we hope to bring together the varying degrees of fluctuations in the microbiome at the major organ sites and how these changes affect the normal cellular processes because of dysregulation, leading to proliferation of the associated tissues.

Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology

Author : James E. Barrett
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030353621
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology by : James E. Barrett

Download or read book Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology written by James E. Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrating 100 years of HEP, this volume will discuss key pharmacological discoveries and concepts of the past 100 years. These discoveries have dramatically changed the medical treatment paradigms of many diseases and these concepts have and will continue to shape discovery of new medicinies. Newly evolving technologies will similarly be discussed as they will shape the future of the pharmacology and, accordingly, medical therapy.