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Ghent Planning Congress 1913
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Book Synopsis Ghent Planning Congress 1913 by : William Whyte
Download or read book Ghent Planning Congress 1913 written by William Whyte and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ghent congress on town planning was the first genuinely international conference to address all aspects of civic life and design. Attended by representatives of 22 governments and 150 cities, as well as by hundreds of architects, planners, politicians, and scientists, it marked the culmination of a series of events which helped to form the world of town planning at the start of the twentieth century. Ghent illustrates three key themes for the history of town planning. First, the transactions of the congress include papers from some of the most significant theorists and practitioners of the period, such as Patrick Abercrombie, Augustin Rey, Raymond Unwin, and Joseph Stübben. Secondly, the congress as a whole reflects just how global the business of town planning had become by 1913: papers and exhibits included studies of colonial projects as well as European designs. The delegates themselves provide wonderful evidence of a transnational process at work. Finally, the text brilliantly illuminates the way in which town planning was critically linked to other reformist movements of the era. The whole event, like the International Union of Cities that it spawned, was the product of the peace movement. Even as war draw nearer, the International Union was being spoken of as a future world government. Significantly, one of the organisers of the event – Henri La Fontaine - won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913. The Premier Congrès international et exposition comparée des villes is a major publication, but it is one that is now almost impossible to obtain. This republication, a century after this seminal event, will be considerable interest not only to those who work on town-planning, but also transnational historians and writers on the peace movement more generally.
Book Synopsis The Boston Contest of 1944 by : Jeffry M. Diefendorf
Download or read book The Boston Contest of 1944 written by Jeffry M. Diefendorf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During World War II, many European government authorities and planners believed that the damage caused by bombing constituted a great opportunity to transform their cities. Even as the fighting continued, a great many plans were drawn up, and this has been the subject of much scholarship. However, what is often overlooked is wartime planning in cities not damaged in the war. United States cities were not bombed, but in Boston, one of its leading cities, the last years of the war brought a major effort to encourage both new plans to modernize the city and also means of implementing those plans. The wartime initiative to transform Boston had several sources. Both the Great Depression and the war had led to major measures by the federal government to try to deal with fiscal challenges and the need for new housing for the many people who relocated during the war because of the creation of new industries to help the war effort. Boston hoped it could benefit from these measures. Moreover, in the late 1930s, Harvard University had become a key residence for figures important in modernist planning, including Joseph Hudnut, Walter Gropius and Martin Wagner. These factors combined in 1944 to inspire what was called The Boston Contest. Its goal was to suggest solutions to many problems found in the metropolitan area. These issues included commercial and industrial developments, housing, transportation, education, recreation, welfare, urban finances, metropolitan government, and citizen participation in solving problems. This book, published in 1945 contains the top 3 prize winning entries and excerpts from 9 of the other nearly 100 entries. It gives a fascinating insight into the developing ideas of urban planning in the United States at a critical juncture.
Book Synopsis The Garden City Movement Up-To-Date by : Ewart Gladstone Culpin
Download or read book The Garden City Movement Up-To-Date written by Ewart Gladstone Culpin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was written and compiled by the then Secretary of the Garden Cities and Town Planning Association in 1913. It shows just how much the conception of the garden city had been broadened from Howard’s original texts. Indeed the Association’s own name had been broadened to add the newly emergent practice and theory of town planning to the original focus. Alongside the garden city, recognition is now given to the burgeoning numbers of garden suburbs and garden villages. Many examples of these are identified and briefly described, including many which are small and now little known, greatly adding to the interest of the publication. Even the underlying arguments for such developments differ. Alongside the more altruistic arguments in favour of reform, there are now those which explicitly emphasise the need to ensure a healthy race to maintain the Empire.
Book Synopsis Principles of Planology by : JM de Casseres
Download or read book Principles of Planology written by JM de Casseres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the World Wars the talent of Dutch town planner J.M. de Casseres (1902-1990) found expression in two visionary books and a clutch of influential articles. In an in-depth article published in February 1929 in the magazine De Gids under the title 'Grondslagen der planologie' (Principles of Planology) he invented a term for the new social-scientific discipline that would eventually enter the Dutch language. De Casseres made it his life's work to elevate the art and craft of town planning to academic status, classifying the international planning body of knowledge and making it accessible and applicable. The results of this internationally supported body of knowledge are reflected not only in de Casseres's publications but also in a string of urban design proposals for towns across the Netherlands. This republication of the De Gids article alongside five other influential de Casseres articles in translation and their original Dutch language form brings this key thinker into reach for a wider research audience.
Book Synopsis Moscow in the Making by : Ernest Simon
Download or read book Moscow in the Making written by Ernest Simon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, published in 1937, reported on a four week visit to Moscow in 1936 to study the making of Moscow as a showpiece Soviet capital. At its core was the 1935 General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow but the book was a study of planning in the Soviet rather than the Western sense. Thus it covered many aspects of the city’s social and economic life including industry and finance, education and housing production as well as governance and town planning. Much first hand detail is included, based on the visit and the authors’ meetings with Soviet officials and citizens that illustrate various points, usually in praise. The book made a significant contribution towards the growing arguments in 1930s Britain and other parts of the Anglophone world for a bolder, more comprehensive and more state-led approach to planning. In turn these arguments had an important impact in shaping the policies adopted in the 1940s.
Book Synopsis When We Build Again by : Bournville Village Trust
Download or read book When We Build Again written by Bournville Village Trust and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like many UK cities Birmingham was heavily bombed during the Second World War and as with so many bombed British cities, and many un-bombed ones that jumped on to the re-planning bandwagon, there was a clear imperative to reconstruct. But Birmingham was atypical in how it went about this. The city had begun planning in the mid-1930s, principally to replace vast quantities of slum housing – and there had been suggestions about ring roads even from the time of the First World War. So plans were available virtually ready to go, and were approved by a private Act of Parliament in 1946. Yet within Birmingham there were individuals and organisations with a great interest and influence in planning matters. This followed a significant and long-standing local tradition from the Chamberlain family to Nettlefold’s pioneering work on planning and housing at the start of the twentieth century. Prominent amongst these was the Cadbury family and the Bournville Village Trust, and one of its immediate responses to bomb damage was the book, When We Build Again. This was immediately influential in several respects, as contemporary reviews and ongoing citations demonstrate. It highlighted some less-palatable truths about conditions in the city and more widely, with ideas about what might be done. To modern eyes some of these are radical – for example the wholesale redevelopment of the Jewellery Quarter – an area which was recently proposed for World Heritage status. The origins of the derided post-war comprehensive clearance approach lie in these papers. Further, it used innovative and striking graphics to communicate statistical information to lay readers, including the use of striking photography of places and, particularly, people. Also included in this volume is a facsimile of a second Bournville Trust publication from 1955, Birmingham - Fifty Years On. This less famous but equally important publication grew from a frustration at the slow pace of post-war reconstruction, and envisaged what the city would look like half a century later.
Book Synopsis The Anatomy of the Village by : Thomas Sharp
Download or read book The Anatomy of the Village written by Thomas Sharp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Sharp was a key figure in mid-C20 British planning whose renown stems from two periods in his career. First, he came to attention as a polemical writer in the 1930s on planning issues, including as a virulent opponent of garden cities. His prose tempered over time and this phase perhaps culminated in Town Planning, first published in 1940 and reputed to have sold over 250,000 copies. Subsequently the plans he produced for historic towns in the1940s, such as Oxford, were very well known and were influential in developing ideas of townscape. Started as an official manual on village planning, The Anatomy of the Village followed on from the Scott Report, for which Sharp had been one of the Secretaries. When the Ministry decided not to proceed with the publication, Sharp himself published in it 1946. It became one of Sharp's best known works, with lucid prose and generous illustration by photograph and beautiful line-drawings of village plans. The aim of The Anatomy of the Village was to set out the main principles of village planning, especially in relation to physical design. Anatomy became a key text in thinking about villages in the post-war period; a period when there was great concern that settlements should develop in more sensitive ways than inter-war ribbon and suburban development patterns. The problems of poor quality development, unrelated to settlement form, was to continue to stimulate books such as Lionel Brett’s Landscape in Distress and campaigns from the Architectural Review. Reading the text today it still has much to offer: while some of its assumptions about the level of services a village might support clearly belong to another era, its beautiful and simple typological analyses of village form continue to be of relevance.
Book Synopsis Society and Environment: A Historical Review by : Jaqueline Tyrwhitt
Download or read book Society and Environment: A Historical Review written by Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (1905-1983) was a British town planner, editor, and educator. This book includes four of Tyrwhitt’s key texts to illustrate how she forged and promoted a synthesis of Patrick Geddes’ bioregionalism and the utopian ideals of European Modernist urbanism, which influenced post-war academic discourse and professional practice in urban planning and design internationally. The key texts reprinted in this book are contributions from the Town and Country Planning Textbook (1950) which was published as an outcome for the Correspondence Course in Town Planning for members of the Allied Forces, which Tyrwhitt ran. It was designed to meet the requirements created by passage of the 1947 Town and Country Act and helped to shape a generation of planning practitioners in the UK and commonwealth countries.
Book Synopsis Lusaka: The New Capital of Northern Rhodesia by : Robert Home
Download or read book Lusaka: The New Capital of Northern Rhodesia written by Robert Home and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short account of the planning of Lusaka as the new capital of Northern Rhodesia, written for its official opening in 1935 as part of jubilee celebrations for King George V, was printed in a limited edition specifically for that event, and is now very scarce and difficult to obtain, but deserves to be made more widely available for scholars of planning and urban history, and especially all interested in African urban development. The planning of Lusaka was a prestige project for British indirect rule administration in Africa during the 1930s, in the recovery from the Great Depression, and was claimed as an example of British garden city and town planning expertise being applied overseas to its imperial territorial acquisitions. Particular features of Lusaka’s planning were the attention to public buildings, echoing on a smaller scale the grand imperial designs of Baker and Lutyens in South Africa and India, the importance attached to landscaping and tree planting, and the priority given to the new airport reflecting the great expansion of air networks during the 1930s. The historical context also includes Lusaka’s place on the projected ‘Cape to Cairo’ railway, and its importance as a colonial project at a time of rapid development by American and South African capitalism of copper mining in the Copperbelt. Town planning was seen in the Colonial Office as an important tool of colonial management, and successive colonial governors in Northern Rhodesia were associated with planning initiatives elsewhere. Lusaka capital city was seen as a demonstration project which influenced negotiations over planning the new Copperbelt mining townships. Lusaka's colonial origins are of increasing interest to present-day planners in Zambia, concerned with problems of rapid urbanisation and the recent recovery of the copper mining industry; it is also of wider interest for both its place in the history of town planning and garden city concepts beyond Europe and as a planned new capital in the Third World.
Book Synopsis Europe Rehoused by : Elizabeth Denby
Download or read book Europe Rehoused written by Elizabeth Denby and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe Rehoused was one of the most influential housing texts of the 1930s, and is still widely cited. Written by the housing consultant Elizabeth Denby (1894-1965) it offered a survey of the nearly two decades of social housing built across Europe since the end of World War One, with the aim of informing British policy makers; as a reviewer declared ‘it has a decidedly propagandist flavour’. Denby was a leading figure in housing debates in the 1930s. Adopting a line in sharp critique of what she saw as the entirely materialist approach of state housing policy, Denby advocated the incorporation of social amenities alongside well-designed and equipped flats and houses, ideally sited within urban areas; by the late 1930s she was a pioneering advocate of the concept of mixed development. Europe Rehoused is divided into two parts. The first considered the origins of the housing problem of the inter-war decades, which Denby dated to the onset of the Industrial Revolution. She then examined the various national factors which influenced the problem: climate, post-war economy and the nature of land ownership. Finally she discussed the financial aspect: the bodies responsible for house building and the nature of the subsidies available for building. This was very much a schematic survey and the second, and largest, part of the book was devoted to individual studies of European practice, and discussed ‘two winners in the War, two losers and two neutrals’: Sweden, Holland, Germany, Vienna, Italy and France. This section was completed with a concluding chapter in which she compared continental work with the British system, and the lessons that could be learnt in this country from abroad. Although Denby’s book was not the only one of its sort, its importance lies in its polemical nature and its advocacy of a rehousing policy which would become widely adopted after WWII. Significant too, is that the book is the voice of a woman who had assumed a significant status as a housing expert in the inter-war decades; Walter Gropius, who wrote the introduction to the US edition of the book observed that the book ‘carried the weight of perfect expertness.’ Such voices have for too long been overlooked, yet Denby was formed part of a very strong tradition of women reformers who worked to re-shape the inter-war and post-war British built environment.
Book Synopsis Cities Beyond Borders by : Nicolas Kenny
Download or read book Cities Beyond Borders written by Nicolas Kenny and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a body of research covering primarily Europe and the Americas, but stretching also to Asia and Africa, from the mid-eighteenth century to the present, this book explores the methodological and heuristic implications of studying cities in relation to one another. Moving fluidly between comparative and transnational methods, as well as across regional and national lines, the contributors to this volume demonstrate the necessity of this broader view in assessing not just the fundamentals of urban life, the way cities are occupied and organised on a daily basis, but also the urban mindscape, the way cities are imagined and represented. In doing so the volume provides valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of using multiple cities to form historical inquiries.
Book Synopsis States of Emergency by : Sophie Hochhäusl
Download or read book States of Emergency written by Sophie Hochhäusl and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What World War I meant for architecture and urbanism writ large More than one hundred years after the conclusion of the First World War, the edited collection States of Emergency. Architecture, Urbanism, and the First World War reassesses what that cataclysmic global conflict meant for architecture and urbanism from a human, social, economic, and cultural perspective. Chapters probe how underdevelopment and economic collapse manifested spatially, how military technologies were repurposed by civilians, and how cultures of education, care, and memory emerged from battle. The collection places an emphasis on the various states of emergency as experienced by combatants and civilians across five continents—from refugee camps to military installations, villages to capital cities—thus uncovering the role architecture played in mitigating and exacerbating the everyday tragedy of war.
Book Synopsis Reflections on Urban, Regional and National Space by : Uzo Nishiyama
Download or read book Reflections on Urban, Regional and National Space written by Uzo Nishiyama and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nishiyama Uzō, educated as an architect between 1930 and 1933, was a key figure in Japanese urban planning. He was a prolific writer who influenced a whole generation of Japanese urban planners and his interpretations of foreign planning and local practice still influence Japanese planning theory and practice today. Nishiyama’s first publications date to the 1930s, and his last ones appeared in the 1990s, spanning a period of enormous political and spatial changes. The three articles translated here, originally published in the 1940s in professional magazines, show how Nishiyama developed his theoretical models based on a social approach to architecture and planning, focusing on land use and land control rather than aesthetic preferences. They provide insight into Nishiyama’s early thinking, his analysis of foreign examples, his reflection on large-scale regional and national spatial organization, and his architectural and urban visions, providing a remarkable and fascinating insight into the state of planning in Japan. These texts call scholarly attention to the writing of a global planning history and invite the reader to engage with a major figure in planning who is largely unknown outside Japan; to reconsider Japanese planning history; and to work towards a truly global planning history. How does Nishiyama compare to the great urban planners of the past in the West, such as Patrick Geddes, Lewis Mumford, or Werner Hegemann? Many more translations will be necessary to answer this question.
Book Synopsis Village Housing in the Tropics by : Jane Drew
Download or read book Village Housing in the Tropics written by Jane Drew and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical Architecture, although now a highly contested and debated term, is the name given to European modern architecture that has been modified to suit the climatic and sometimes cultural context of hot countries. These hot countries were labelled ‘the tropics’ and were often European colonies, or countries that had recently won their independence. Fry & Drew’s book, written on the threshold of the end of the British Empire, was one of the first publications to offer practical advice to architects working in ‘the tropics’, based on the empirical studies they conducted whilst based in British West Africa during the Second World War. The book with its numerous illustrations, plans and easy to follow explanations became a key manual for all architects working in hot climates, and in particular those tasked with designing dwellings and small town plans. Although the Royal Engineers and Schools of Tropical Medicine had long been designing and campaigning for better planning, improved sanitation and had for example developed methods of cross-ventilation, this book became an instant hit. ‘Tropical Architecture’ suddenly bloomed into its own distinct canon, and by 1955 the Architectural Association had set up a course specialising in tropical architecture, led for a short time by Fry. Village Housing in the Tropics had a significant impact when it was written on a profession that had had little guidance on working in hot climates and on architecture students and universities who began to modify their courses to accommodate different conditions. Although from a post-colonial perspective many scholars now associate this architecture as being a continuation of the Imperial mission, this does not reduce the significance of the publication. Indeed, Tropical Architecture is regarded as being the forerunner to ‘green architecture’, developing passive low energy buildings that are tailored to suit their climate and built with local materials.
Book Synopsis Urban Transformations and the Architecture of Additions by : Rodrigo Perez de Arce
Download or read book Urban Transformations and the Architecture of Additions written by Rodrigo Perez de Arce and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodrigo Perez de Arce's essay Urban Transformations and Architectural Additions was published during the formative stages of Post Modernism, at the point where theory was becoming seriously established. Jencks' first essays formalising the term Post Modernism in architecture and the revised Learning from Las Vegas were published the previous year. In planning terms, modernism had become associated with comprehensive redevelopment and forms of urban organisation that ignored context, history and any sense of tradition. De Arce considered the essential nature of buildings and the richness of historic urban form and explored how robust that essence was over time. He looked at the value of essential remnants and rich complexities in maintaining a sense of continuity and relevance. Having explored the adaptation process in history, de Arce went on to see how such a process might be simulated in contemporary cities with modern buildings, using additions and layers to change them from objects in infinite windswept space to being part of a rich urban fabric which described urban place. To do this he used concrete examples; housing schemes by James Stirling, new government centres in Chandigrah and Dacca and more prosaic 60's housing blocks. The paper had a fundamental influence on the way that architects and planners thought about the nature of cities: as dynamic organisms that were tangible to human beings, completely opposite to the systems thinking of the time. It contributed to ideas about the importance of street, place and city block which influenced so much recent regeneration practice. As we enter a phase of development where the reuse and adaptation of existing buildings is becoming paramount from both an economic and sustainable point of view, Perez de Arce's paper gives important insights into how to think about the process positively.
Book Synopsis Classified Selected List of References on City Plannng by : Theodora Kimball Hubbard
Download or read book Classified Selected List of References on City Plannng written by Theodora Kimball Hubbard and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Manual of Planning Information by : Theodora Kimball Hubbard
Download or read book Manual of Planning Information written by Theodora Kimball Hubbard and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
