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Geochemical Signatures In The Coral Montastraea
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Book Synopsis Geochemical Signatures in the Coral Montastraea by : Jennifer Mae Smith
Download or read book Geochemical Signatures in the Coral Montastraea written by Jennifer Mae Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: In the first phase of this project, four decades of monthly resolved geochemical variations from two massive heads of Montastraea were used to explore the reproducibility of the geochemical signal in these two corals from Looe Key, Florida. The coral d18O and d13C records of the two corals have statistically indistinguishable mean values, which is not the case for the coral Sr/Ca records implying that nonenvironmental factors are influencing coral Sr/Ca. Calibration equations relating coral geochemistry variations to environmental variations at Looe Key are different from previously published equations for Montastraea. These calibration differences are not related to growth-related kinetic effects, but may reflect variations in seawater chemistry in the coastal waters of the Florida Keys. Additional studies are needed to identify the causes of the observed geochemical variability. In the second phase of this study, fourteen decades of monthly resolved geochemical variations in another Montastraea coral from Looe Key, Florida were compared to records of sea-surface temperature (SST). Coral Sr/Ca and d18O variations have a weak relationship with variations in SST and skeletal extension rates; however, many events in the Sr/Ca and d18O records are coincident with anomalies in SST, growth, or precipitation. Strong coupling exists between Sr/Ca and d18O in both anomaly and mean annual perspectives, which reflects the combined influence of SST and growth related processes on the geochemical signal. Separating these impacts proved to be problematic due to modest agreements with each forcing variable. In the final phase of this study, geochemical records from three, mid-Holocene(~5 ka) fossil Montastraea corals from the Dry Tortugas, Florida were compared with geochemical records from modern Montastraea corals from the same region to investigate temporal changes in climate. Stable isotopic records show significant changes through time, which can be interpreted in terms of environmental variation; however, large inter-coral variability between modern specimens of Montastraea precludes meaningful assessment of Sr/Ca. The pattern and mean d18O values in the fossil corals reflects changes in both temperature and salinity are reminiscent of centennial-scale variability present in other records from this region.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Reproducibility of Skeletal Geochemistry Records in Atlantic Corals Using Montastraea Annularis Coral Heads from the Dry Tortugas, Florida by : Kristine L. Stair
Download or read book Assessing the Reproducibility of Skeletal Geochemistry Records in Atlantic Corals Using Montastraea Annularis Coral Heads from the Dry Tortugas, Florida written by Kristine L. Stair and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Core samples were collected in September 1995 from live coral heads of Montastraea annularis at Bird Key reef in the Dry Tortugas, Florida (24 degrees 55 minutes N, 82 degrees 92 minutes W). Four 4 mm-thick coral slabs from two cores were continuously sampled at 12 samples per year (0.025 cm per sample for Core 31, 0.023 cm per sample for Core 35). Visual inspection of X-radiographs indicates an average skeletal extension rate of about 3 mm per year in Bird Key corals. The goal of this study was to perform a replication test in Montastraea annularis by using elemental and stable isotopes from four coral slabs from two different coral heads to address the following questions: 1) how well do geochemical signals replicate within a single coral head, 2) how well do geochemical signals replicate from two different cores from the same coral head, 3) how well do geochemical signals replicate from two coral heads from the same general area, and 4) do growth effects influence the geochemistry of slow-growing corals at the Dry Tortugas? Geochemical variations versus depth and time of all coral records show strong seasonal cyclicity. Variations in d18O in the suite of Bird Key coral records replicate the best; d13C and Sr/Ca variations replicate less well. For example, differences in the mean Sr/Ca record from two different coral heads are large (0.179 mmol/mol for BK31B-BK35CC; 0.196 mmol/mol for BK31C-BK35CC; ~4 degrees C) and nearly 4 times greater than analytical precision. Therefore, caution must be exercised in interpreting Sr/Ca-SST records in Montastraea annularis. Mean differences in coral d18O for all records, on the other hand, are within analytical precision and translate to temperature differences of less than 0.5 degrees C. Robust d18O values among cores that co-vary with a significant level of agreement further point to this proxy being more reliable than Sr/Ca. Because of its skeletal complexity, drilling difficulty, and large bio-geological error for Sr/Ca, Montastraea annularis seems poorly suited for coral-based Sr/Ca-SST studies. However, the species must be studied to understand tropical Atlantic interannual-decadal scale variability, so further assessment is warranted.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Fluctuations Recorded in a Skeleton of the Annually Banded Coral Montastrea Annularis and Determined by Laser Ablation ICP-MS by : H. M. Lidiard
Download or read book Geochemical Fluctuations Recorded in a Skeleton of the Annually Banded Coral Montastrea Annularis and Determined by Laser Ablation ICP-MS written by H. M. Lidiard and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Century-scale Records of Coral Growth and Water Quality from the Mesoamerican Reef Reveal Increasing Anthropogenic Stress and Decreasing Coral Resilience by : Jessica Elizabeth Carilli
Download or read book Century-scale Records of Coral Growth and Water Quality from the Mesoamerican Reef Reveal Increasing Anthropogenic Stress and Decreasing Coral Resilience written by Jessica Elizabeth Carilli and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isotope Paleobiology and Paleoecology by : R. M. Corfield
Download or read book Isotope Paleobiology and Paleoecology written by R. M. Corfield and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Book Synopsis SeaFlower Biosphere Reserve: New Findings and Trends in the Largest Caribbean Marine Protected Area by : Juan Armando Sanchez
Download or read book SeaFlower Biosphere Reserve: New Findings and Trends in the Largest Caribbean Marine Protected Area written by Juan Armando Sanchez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optics and Ecophysiology of Coral Reef Organisms by : Daniel Wangpraseurt
Download or read book Optics and Ecophysiology of Coral Reef Organisms written by Daniel Wangpraseurt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Science Frontiers for Europe by : Frank Lamy
Download or read book Marine Science Frontiers for Europe written by Frank Lamy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe is a continent with a high coast-to-surface ratio, and European seas encompass a broad range of settings and regimes. The sustainable development of living and non-living marine resources, the protection of the marine environment and the provision of marine-based services are critical to economic prosperity and to the quality of life of European citizens. Addressing these concerns, marine-science researchers conducted a workshop reviewing major topics of European marine research. This publication contains overview and thematic background papers, as well as reports and recommendations for future research covering topics such as ocean-climate coupling, biogeochemistry, coastal and shelf processes, and ecosystem functioning/biodiversity.
Book Synopsis The Prokaryotes by : Edward F. DeLong
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030948538X Total Pages :259 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report.
Download or read book 2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Bleaching by : Madeleine J. H. van Oppen
Download or read book Coral Bleaching written by Madeleine J. H. van Oppen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most serious consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events and, since the first edition of this volume was published in 2009, there have been additional mass coral bleaching events. This book provides comprehensive information on the causes and consequences of coral bleaching for coral reef ecosystems, from the genes and microbes involved in the bleaching response, to individual coral colonies and whole reef systems. It presents detailed analyses of how coral bleaching can be detected and quantified and reviews future scenarios based on modeling efforts and the potential mechanisms of acclimatisation and adaptation. It also briefly discusses emerging research areas that focus on the development of innovative interventions aiming to increase coral climate resilience and restore reefs.
Book Synopsis Corals in Space and Time by : John Edward Norwood Veron
Download or read book Corals in Space and Time written by John Edward Norwood Veron and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As concerns about the change in global climate and the loss of biodiversity have mounted, attention has focused on the depletion of the ozone layer and the destruction of tropical rainforests. But recently scientists have identified another seriously endangered ecosystem: coral reefs. In Corals in Space and Time, J.E.N. Veron provides a richly detailed study of corals that will inform investigations of these fragile ecosystems. Drawing on twenty-five years of research, Veron brings together extensive field observations about the taxonomy, biogeography, paleontology, and biology of corals. After introducing coral taxonomy and biogeography, as well as relevant aspects of coral biology for the non-specialist, he provides an interpretation of the fossil record and paleoclimates, an analysis of modern coral distribution, and a discussion of the evolutionary nature and origins of coral species. Revealing a sharp conflict between empirical observations about the geographical variation within species, Veron introduces a non-Darwinian theory of coral evolution. He proposes that the evolution of coral species is driven not primarily by natural selection, but by constantly shifting patterns of ocean circulation, which produce changing variations of genetic connectivity. This mechanism of speciation and hybridization has far-reaching consequences for the study of all types of corals and potentially many other groups of organisms as well.
Book Synopsis Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America by : U. Seeliger
Download or read book Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America written by U. Seeliger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal and marine ecosystems, some severely degraded, other still pristine, control rich resources of inshore environments and coastal seas of Latin America's Pacific and Atlantic margins. Conflicts between the needs of the region's nations and diminishing revenues and environmental quality have induced awareness of coastal ecological problems and motivated financial support for restoration and management. The volume provides a competent review on the structure, processes and function of 22 important Latin American coastal marine ecosystems. Each contribution describes the environmental settings, biotic components and structure of the system, considers trophic processes and energy flow, evaluates the modifying influence of natural and human perturbations, and suggests management needs. Although the focus of the book is on basic ecological research, the results have application for coastal managers.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of the Red Sea by : Christian R. Voolstra
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
