Gentrification In Neighbourhood Development

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Gentrification in Neighbourhood Development

Author : Yvonne Franz
Publisher : V&R unipress GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3847104004
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Gentrification in Neighbourhood Development by : Yvonne Franz

Download or read book Gentrification in Neighbourhood Development written by Yvonne Franz and published by V&R unipress GmbH. This book was released on 2015 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English summary: This book aims at a comprehensive understanding of diverging urban rejuvenation practices and gentrification processes in New York City, Berlin and Vienna. Regulative and supportive mechanisms at policy and planning level have been identified through a comparative analysis of urban rejuvenation policies and actors' embeddedness. Those mechanisms enable the development of contextualised parameters that support projection attempts of future gentrification processes at the neighbourhood level. As a result, a reflective understanding of gentrification and policy recommendations are drawn at a general level. The recommendations refer to the political understanding of gentrification and its role in urban development. This analysis argues that cities should include gentrification as a driving force in urban policies. However, processes of gentrification require mediation and monitoring by public authorities who should be aware of the risk of social fragmentation. As a consequence, cities should move towards a social entrepreneurial city that moves beyond the simple distribution of financial resources and responsibilities and ensures social responsibility within the force field of ongoing neoliberal forces. German description: Diese Publikation zielt auf ein umfassendes Verstandnis unterschiedlicher Stadterneuerungspraktiken, die sich auf die Erhaltung der baulichen Substanz beziehen, sowie Gentrification-Prozesse in New York City, Berlin und Wien ab. Dabei wird eine vergleichende Analyse von politischen Strategien und involvierten AkteurInnen angewendet, um regulierende und unterstutzende Mechanismen auf der politischen und stadtplanerischen Ebene zu identifizieren. Diese Mechanismen ermoglichen die Entwicklung von kontextualisierten Parametern. Als Ergebnis dienen eine reflektierte Betrachtung von Gentrification und Empfehlungen, die auf einer stadtubergreifenden Ebene Entwicklungsleitlinien fur den politischen Umgang mit Gentrification und dessen Rolle in der Stadtentwicklung aufzeigen.

Reclaiming Your Community

Author : Majora Carter
Publisher : Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1523000309
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Reclaiming Your Community by : Majora Carter

Download or read book Reclaiming Your Community written by Majora Carter and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2022-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Majora Carter shows how brain drain cripples low-status communities and maps out a development strategy focused on talent retention to help them break out of economic stagnation. "My musical, In the Heights, explores issues of community, gentrification, identity and home, and the question: Are happy endings only ones that involve getting out of your neighborhood to achieve your dreams? In her refreshing new book, Majora Carter writes about these issues with great insight and clarity, asking us to re-examine our notions of what community development is and how we invest in the futures of our hometowns. This is an exciting conversation worth joining.” —Lin-Manuel Miranda How can we solve the problem of persistent poverty in low-status communities? Majora Carter argues that these areas need a talent-retention strategy, just like the ones companies have. Retaining homegrown talent is a critical part of creating a strong local economy that can resist gentrification. But too many people born in low-status communities measure their success by how far away from them they can get. Carter, who could have been one of them, returned to the South Bronx and devised a development strategy rooted in the conviction that these communities have the resources within themselves to succeed. She advocates measures such as • Building mixed-income instead of exclusively low-income housing to create a diverse and robust economic ecosystem • Showing homeowners how to maximize the long-term value of their property so they won't succumb to quick-cash offers from speculators • Keeping people and dollars in the community by developing vibrant “third spaces”—restaurants, bookstores, and places like Carter's own Boogie Down Grind Cafe This is a profoundly personal book. Carter writes about her brother's murder, how turning a local dumping ground into an award-winning park opened her eyes to the hidden potential in her community, her struggles as a woman of color confronting the “male and pale” real estate and nonprofit establishments, and much more. It is a powerful rethinking of poverty, economic development, and the meaning of success.

Managing Gentrification

Author : Deborah L. Myerson
Publisher : Urban Land Inst
ISBN 13 : 9780874209884
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Gentrification by : Deborah L. Myerson

Download or read book Managing Gentrification written by Deborah L. Myerson and published by Urban Land Inst. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Latino City

Author : Erualdo R. Gonzalez
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317590228
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Latino City by : Erualdo R. Gonzalez

Download or read book Latino City written by Erualdo R. Gonzalez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American cities are increasingly turning to revitalization strategies that embrace the ideas of new urbanism and the so-called creative class in an attempt to boost economic growth and prosperity to downtown areas. These efforts stir controversy over residential and commercial gentrification of working class, ethnic areas. Spanning forty years, Latino City provides an in-depth case study of the new urbanism, creative class, and transit-oriented models of planning and their implementation in Santa Ana, California, one of the United States’ most Mexican communities. It provides an intimate analysis of how revitalization plans re-imagine and alienate a place, and how community-based participation approaches address the needs and aspirations of lower-income Latino urban areas undergoing revitalization. The book provides a critical introduction to the main theoretical debates and key thinkers related to the new urbanism, transit-oriented, and creative class models of urban revitalization. It is the first book to examine contemporary models of choice for revitalization of US cities from the point of view of a Latina/o-majority central city, and thus initiates new lines of analysis and critique of models for Latino inner city neighborhood and downtown revitalization in the current period of socio-economic and cultural change. Latino City will appeal to students and scholars in urban planning, urban studies, urban history, urban policy, neighborhood and community development, central city development, urban politics, urban sociology, geography, and ethnic/Latino Studies, as well as practitioners, community organizations, and grassroots leaders immersed in these fields.

Neighborhood Planning and Community-Based Development

Author : William Peterman
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452264856
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Neighborhood Planning and Community-Based Development by : William Peterman

Download or read book Neighborhood Planning and Community-Based Development written by William Peterman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1999-12-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Finally a book that contextualizes community and neighborhood development and planning in a progressive but realist fashion. Peterman provides community and neighborhood planners with preassessment criteria and a methodological tool-kit to help ensure future success. This book is invaluable to neighborhood and community development planning courses and will provide a useful adjunct to social planning and social work courses." --Mickey Lauria, University of New Orleans "Bill Peterman has written a passionate treatise on neighborhood planning tempered by more than 20 years of front line experience. The result is a powerful praxis that can guide planners, community activists, and theoreticians who are concerned with making community-building a reality." --Barbara Ferman, Professor of Political Science, Temple University "Bill Peterman′s critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of America′s expanding community development movement should be required reading for all community activists, urban planners, policy analysts and municipal officials! Peterman′s rich insights and thoughtful recommendations regarding how community-based planning and development can lead to a broader popular movement for greater social equality deserve the immediate attention of all those concerned about the future of U. S. cities." --Kenneth M. Reardon, Associate Professor in Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign " Bill Peterman offers important insights from his long experience in Chicago on neighborhood planning and community-based development. His case studies offer very useful lessons on success and failure. This is a valuable addition to the literature on urban neighborhoods." --W. Dennis Keating Professor and Associate Dean College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University This book explores the promise and limits of bottom-up, grass-roots strategies of community organizing, development, and planning as blueprints for successful revitalization and maintenance of urban neighborhoods. Peterman proposes conditions that need to be met for bottom-up strategies to succeed. Successful neighborhood development depends not only on local actions, but also on the ability of local groups to marshal resources and political will at levels above that of the neighborhood itself. While he supports community-based initiatives, he argues that there are limits to what can be accomplished exclusively at the grass-roots level, where most efforts fail. Neighborhood Planning and Community-Based Development should be of special interest to individuals who are directly involved in neighborhood planning and development activities. With case studies that include the issues of gentrification, public housing, government-sponsored development of sports facilities, housing management control and racial diversity, the book takes a look at accomplishing successful neighborhood-based planning and development.

Just Green Enough

Author : Winifred Curran
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351859307
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Just Green Enough by : Winifred Curran

Download or read book Just Green Enough written by Winifred Curran and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While global urban development increasingly takes on the mantle of sustainability and "green urbanism," both the ecological and equity impacts of these developments are often overlooked. One result is what has been called environmental gentrification, a process in which environmental improvements lead to increased property values and the displacement of long-term residents. The specter of environmental gentrification is now at the forefront of urban debates about how to accomplish environmental improvements without massive displacement. In this context, the editors of this volume identified a strategy called "just green enough" based on field work in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, that uncouples environmental cleanup from high-end residential and commercial development. A "just green enough" strategy focuses explicitly on social justice and environmental goals as defined by local communities, those people who have been most negatively affected by environmental disamenities, with the goal of keeping them in place to enjoy any environmental improvements. It is not about short-changing communities, but about challenging the veneer of green that accompanies many projects with questionable ecological and social justice impacts, and looking for alternative, sometimes surprising, forms of greening such as creating green spaces and ecological regeneration within protected industrial zones. Just Green Enough is a theoretically rigorous, practical, global, and accessible volume exploring, through varied case studies, the complexities of environmental improvement in an era of gentrification as global urban policy. It is ideal for use as a textbook at both undergraduate and graduate levels in urban planning, urban studies, urban geography, and sustainability programs.

The Abundant Community

Author : John McKnight
Publisher : Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN 13 : 160509627X
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Abundant Community by : John McKnight

Download or read book The Abundant Community written by John McKnight and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " We need our neighbors and community to stay healthy, produce jobs, raise our children, and care for those on the margin. Institutions and professional services have reached their limit of their ability to help us. The consumer society tells us that we are insufficient and that we must purchase what we need from specialists and systems outside the community. We have become consumers and clients, not citizens and neighbors. John McKnight and Peter Block show that we have the capacity to find real and sustainable satisfaction right in our neighborhood and community. This book reports on voluntary, self-organizing structures that focus on gifts and value hospitality, the welcoming of strangers. It shows how to reweave our social fabric, especially in our neighborhoods. In this way we collectively have enough to create a future that works for all. "

Health Behavior

Author : Karen Glanz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118628985
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Behavior by : Karen Glanz

Download or read book Health Behavior written by Karen Glanz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential health behavior text, updated with the latest theories, research, and issues Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to understanding and changing health behavior, core tenets of the public health role. Covering theory, applications, and research, this comprehensive book has become the gold standard of health behavior texts. This new fifth edition has been updated to reflect the most recent changes in the public health field with a focus on health behavior, including coverage of the intersection of health and community, culture, and communication, with detailed explanations of both established and emerging theories. Offering perspective applicable at the individual, interpersonal, group, and community levels, this essential guide provides the most complete coverage of the field to give public health students and practitioners an authoritative reference for both the theoretical and practical aspects of health behavior. A deep understanding of human behaviors is essential for effective public health and health care management. This guide provides the most complete, up-to-date information in the field, to give you a real-world understanding and the background knowledge to apply it successfully. Learn how e-health and social media factor into health communication Explore the link between culture and health, and the importance of community Get up to date on emerging theories of health behavior and their applications Examine the push toward evidence-based interventions, and global applications Written and edited by the leading health and social behavior theorists and researchers, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides the information and real-world perspective that builds a solid understanding of how to analyze and improve health behaviors and health.

Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends?

Author : Karen Chapple
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262039842
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends? by : Karen Chapple

Download or read book Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends? written by Karen Chapple and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement that accompany more compact development around transit. Cities and regions throughout the world are encouraging smarter growth patterns and expanding their transit systems to accommodate this growth, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and satisfy new demands for mobility and accessibility. Yet despite a burgeoning literature and various policy interventions in recent decades, we still understand little about what happens to neighborhoods and residents with the development of transit systems and the trend toward more compact cities. Research has failed to determine why some neighborhoods change both physically and socially while others do not, and how race and class shape change in the twenty-first-century context of growing inequality. Drawing on novel methodological approaches, this book sheds new light on the question of who benefits and who loses from more compact development around new transit stations. Building on data at multiple levels, it connects quantitative analysis on regional patterns with qualitative research through interviews, field observations, and photographic documentation in twelve different California neighborhoods. From the local to the regional to the global, Chapple and Loukaitou-Sideris examine the phenomena of neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement not only through an empirical lens but also from theoretical and historical perspectives. Growing out of an in-depth research process that involved close collaboration with dozens of community groups, the book aims to respond to the needs of both advocates and policymakers for ideas that work in the trenches.

Gentrifier

Author : John Joe Schlichtman
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442628413
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Gentrifier by : John Joe Schlichtman

Download or read book Gentrifier written by John Joe Schlichtman and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gentrifier opens up a new conversation about gentrification, one that goes beyond the statistics and the clichés, and examines different sides of a controversial, deeply personal issue. In this lively yet rigorous book, John Joe Schlichtman, Jason Patch, and Marc Lamont Hill take a close look at the socioeconomic factors and individual decisions behind gentrification and their implications for the displacement of low-income residents. Drawing on a variety of perspectives, the authors present interviews, case studies, and analysis in the context of recent scholarship in such areas as urban sociology, geography, planning, and public policy. As well, they share accounts of their first-hand experience as academics, parents, and spouses living in New York City, San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Providence. With unique insight and rare candour, Gentrifier challenges readers' current understandings of gentrification and their own roles within their neighborhoods. A foreword by Peter Marcuse opens the volume.

There Goes the Hood

Author : Lance Freeman
Publisher : Temple University Press
ISBN 13 : 1592134386
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis There Goes the Hood by : Lance Freeman

Download or read book There Goes the Hood written by Lance Freeman and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does gentrification affect residents who stay in the neighborhood?

Newcomers

Author : Matthew L. Schuerman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022647626X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Newcomers by : Matthew L. Schuerman

Download or read book Newcomers written by Matthew L. Schuerman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gentrification is transforming cities, small and large, across the country. Though it’s easy to bemoan the diminished social diversity and transformation of commercial strips that often signify a gentrifying neighborhood, determining who actually benefits and who suffers from this nebulous process can be much harder. The full story of gentrification is rooted in large-scale social and economic forces as well as in extremely local specifics—in short, it’s far more complicated than both its supporters and detractors allow. In Newcomers, journalist Matthew L. Schuerman explains how a phenomenon that began with good intentions has turned into one of the most vexing social problems of our time. He builds a national story using focused histories of northwest Brooklyn, San Francisco’s Mission District, and the onetime site of Chicago’s Cabrini-Green housing project, revealing both the commonalities among all three and the place-specific drivers of change. Schuerman argues that gentrification has become a too-easy flashpoint for all kinds of quasi-populist rage and pro-growth boosterism. In Newcomers, he doesn’t condemn gentrifiers as a whole, but rather articulates what it is they actually do, showing not only how community development can turn foul, but also instances when a “better” neighborhood truly results from changes that are good. Schuerman draws no easy conclusions, using his keen reportorial eye to create sharp, but fair, portraits of the people caught up in gentrification, the people who cause it, and its effects on the lives of everyone who calls a city home.

Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City

Author : Derek S. Hyra
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022644953X
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City by : Derek S. Hyra

Download or read book Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City written by Derek S. Hyra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For long-time residents of Washington, DC’s Shaw/U Street, the neighborhood has become almost unrecognizable in recent years. Where the city’s most infamous open-air drug market once stood, a farmers’ market now sells grass-fed beef and homemade duck egg ravioli. On the corner where AM.PM carryout used to dish out soul food, a new establishment markets its $28 foie gras burger. Shaw is experiencing a dramatic transformation, from “ghetto” to “gilded ghetto,” where white newcomers are rehabbing homes, developing dog parks, and paving the way for a third wave coffee shop on nearly every block. Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City is an in-depth ethnography of this gilded ghetto. Derek S. Hyra captures here a quickly gentrifying space in which long-time black residents are joined, and variously displaced, by an influx of young, white, relatively wealthy, and/or gay professionals who, in part as a result of global economic forces and the recent development of central business districts, have returned to the cities earlier generations fled decades ago. As a result, America is witnessing the emergence of what Hyra calls “cappuccino cities.” A cappuccino has essentially the same ingredients as a cup of coffee with milk, but is considered upscale, and is double the price. In Hyra’s cappuccino city, the black inner-city neighborhood undergoes enormous transformations and becomes racially “lighter” and more expensive by the year.

Generation Priced Out

Author : Randy Shaw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0520356217
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Generation Priced Out by : Randy Shaw

Download or read book Generation Priced Out written by Randy Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Generation Priced Out is a call for action on one of the most talked about issues of our time: how skyrocketing rents and home values are pricing out the working and middle-class from urban America. Telling the stories of tenants, developers, politicians, homeowner groups, and housing activists from over a dozen cities impacted by the national housing crisis, Generation Priced Out criticizes cities for advancing policies that increase economic and racial inequality. Shaw also exposes how boomer homeowners restrict millennials' access to housing in big cities, a generational divide that increasingly dominates city politics. Defying conventional wisdom, Shaw demonstrates that rising urban unaffordability and neighborhood gentrification are not inevitable. He offers proven measures for cities to preserve and expand their working- and middle-class populations and achieve more equitable and inclusive outcomes. Generation Priced Out is a must-read for anyone concerned about the future of urban America"--Provided by publisher

The New Urban Crisis

Author : Richard Florida
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 9781541644120
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Urban Crisis by : Richard Florida

Download or read book The New Urban Crisis written by Richard Florida and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richard Florida, one of the world's leading urbanists and author of The Rise of the Creative Class, confronts the dark side of the back-to-the-city movement In recent years, the young, educated, and affluent have surged back into cities, reversing decades of suburban flight and urban decline. and yet all is not well. In The New Urban Crisis, Richard Florida, one of the first scholars to anticipate this back-to-the-city movement, demonstrates how the forces that drive urban growth also generate cities' vexing challenges, such as gentrification, segregation, and inequality. Meanwhile, many more cities still stagnate, and middle-class neighborhoods everywhere are disappearing. We must rebuild cities and suburbs by empowering them to address their challenges. The New Urban Crisis is a bracingly original work of research and analysis that offers a compelling diagnosis of our economic ills and a bold prescription for more inclusive cities capable of ensuring prosperity for all.

Capital City

Author : Samuel Stein
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786636387
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital City by : Samuel Stein

Download or read book Capital City written by Samuel Stein and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This superbly succinct and incisive book” on urban planning and real estate argues gentrification isn’t driven by latte-sipping hipsters—but is engineered by the capitalist state (Michael Sorkin, author of All Over the Map) Our cities are changing. Around the world, more and more money is being invested in buildings and land. Real estate is now a $217 trillion dollar industry, worth thirty-six times the value of all the gold ever mined. It forms sixty percent of global assets, and one of the most powerful people in the world—the former president of the United States—made his name as a landlord and developer. Samuel Stein shows that this explosive transformation of urban life and politics has been driven not only by the tastes of wealthy newcomers, but by the state-driven process of urban planning. Planning agencies provide a unique window into the ways the state uses and is used by capital, and the means by which urban renovations are translated into rising real estate values and rising rents. Capital City explains the role of planners in the real estate state, as well as the remarkable power of planning to reclaim urban life.

Constructing Community

Author : Jeremy Levine
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691205884
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructing Community by : Jeremy Levine

Download or read book Constructing Community written by Jeremy Levine and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the benefits and consequences of the rise of community-based organizations in urban development Who makes decisions that shape the housing, policies, and social programs in urban neighborhoods? Who, in other words, governs? Constructing Community offers a rich ethnographic portrait of the individuals who implement community development projects in the Fairmount Corridor, one of Boston’s poorest areas. Jeremy Levine uncovers a network of nonprofits and philanthropic foundations making governance decisions alongside public officials—a public-private structure that has implications for democratic representation and neighborhood inequality. Levine spent four years following key players in Boston’s community development field. While state senators and city councilors are often the public face of new projects, and residents seem empowered through opportunities to participate in public meetings, Levine found a shadow government of nonprofit leaders and philanthropic funders, nonelected neighborhood representatives with their own particular objectives, working behind the scenes. Tying this system together were political performances of “community”—government and nonprofit leaders, all claiming to value the community. Levine provocatively argues that there is no such thing as a singular community voice, meaning any claim of community representation is, by definition, illusory. He shows how community development is as much about constructing the idea of community as it is about the construction of physical buildings in poor neighborhoods. Constructing Community demonstrates how the nonprofit sector has become integral to urban policymaking, and the tensions and trade-offs that emerge when private nonprofits take on the work of public service provision.