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Author : Marc Weber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)
Download or read book Gentle Neutron Signals and Noble Background in the XENON100 Dark Matter Search Experiment written by Marc Weber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hesti R. T. Wulandari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783897913196
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Study on Neutron-induced Background in the Dark Matter Experiment CRESST written by Hesti R. T. Wulandari and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel Wenz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Commissioning of the World's First Water Cherenkov Neutron Veto and First WIMP Dark Matter Search Results of the XENONnT Experiment written by Daniel Wenz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich number of astronomical and cosmological observations suggest the existence of a massive, non-luminous, and non-relativistic, matter component in the universe which is five times more abundant than baryonic matter and is commonly referred as to dark matter (DM). Although so far eluding from detection, one class of promising DM candidates are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which arise naturally from many beyond the Standard Model (BSM) theories. The XENON Dark Matter Project aims to directly detect WIMPs, and other kinds of rare event signals, by utilizing large-scale liquid xenon (LXe) dual-phase time projection chambers (TPCs). The newest generation of experiment, called XENONnT, utilizes a TPC with a total sensitive LXe mass of 5.9 t, and was designed as a fast upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. In addition to its larger TPC, XENONnT was augmented with the world's first water Cherenkov neutron veto (NV), which was mounted inside the already existing water Cherenkov muon veto water tank of XENON1T. Neutrons emitted by detector materials can undergo a single back-scatter inside the TPC producing a signal which is indistinguishable from WIMPs. The NV has the task to mitigate this potential threat for the scientific reach of the experiment by tagging these escaping neutrons through their delayed neutron capture on hydrogen. In the presented work, the results of the first weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) search science run, called SR0, are discussed. SR0 features a blind analysis between 3.3 keV and 60.5 keV nuclear recoils energies with a total exposure of about 1.1 tonne-year, utilizing the lowest ever achieved electronic recoil background of (15.8 ± 1.3) events/(t · y · keV) in a LXe. No significant excess was found in the data, setting the lowest upper limit of 2.58 · 10-47 cm2 for spin-independent (SI) interactions of 28 GeV/c2 WIMPs at a 90% confidence level. These results have also been published in [Apr+23b] as part of the presented work. To obtain these results, this thesis discusses the commissioning of the XENONnT neutron veto (NV), and the calibration of its neutron tagging efficiency. The tagging efficiency was found to be (53.1±2.8)% which is the highest efficiency ever measured in a water Cherenkov detector. The efficiency of the NV, as well as the nuclear recoil (NR) response of the time projection chamber (TPC), were calibrated using tagged neutrons from an Americium-Beryllium (AmBe) neutron source. This technique was deployed for the first time in a liquid xenon (LXe) TPC. It enables a calibration of the NR response with high purity and a remaining pollution of less than 0.1 %. Further, the same calibration data was used to determine the thermal neutron capture cross section of hydrogen which was found to be 336.7 ± 0.4 (stat.)+2.0 -0.0 (sys.) mb. All these analyses are based on the data provided by XENONnT's new processing framework called STRAXEN. As part of the lead developing team, the entire processing chain for the two veto systems of XENONnT was developed, and many additional tools have been implemented. Finally, to enhance the neutron tagging efficiency of the NV even further, the water inside the water tank is going to be doped with Gd-sulfate. As part of the presented work, different Gd-salt samples of the manufacturer Treibacher were analyzed regarding their suitability for the experiment.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (986 download)
Download or read book A Study of Nuclear Recoil Backgrounds in Dark Matter Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the great success of the Standard Model of particle physics, a preponderance of astrophysical evidence suggests that it cannot explain most of the matter in the universe. This so-called dark matter has eluded direct detection, though many theoretical extensions to the Standard Model predict the existence of particles with a mass on the $1-1000$ GeV scale that interact only via the weak nuclear force. Particles in this class are referred to as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), and their high masses and low scattering cross sections make them viable dark matter candidates. The rarity of WIMP-nucleus interactions makes them challenging to detect: any background can mask the signal they produce. Background rejection is therefore a major problem in dark matter detection. Many experiments greatly reduce their backgrounds by employing techniques to reject electron recoils. However, nuclear recoil backgrounds, which produce signals similar to what we expect from WIMPs, remain problematic. There are two primary sources of such backgrounds: surface backgrounds and neutron recoils. Surface backgrounds result from radioactivity on the inner surfaces of the detector sending recoiling nuclei into the detector. These backgrounds can be removed with fiducial cuts, at some cost to the experiment's exposure. In this dissertation we briefly discuss a novel technique for rejecting these events based on signals they make in the wavelength shifter coating on the inner surfaces of some detectors. Neutron recoils result from neutrons scattering from nuclei in the detector. These backgrounds may produce a signal identical to what we expect from WIMPs and are extensively discussed here. We additionally present a new tool for calculating ($\alpha$, n)yields in various materials. We introduce the concept of a neutron veto system designed to shield against, measure, and provide an anti-coincidence veto signal for background neutrons. We discuss the research and development that informed the design of the DarkSide-50 boron-loaded liquid scintillator neutron veto. We describe the specific implementation of this veto system in DarkSide-50, including a description of its performance, and show that it can reject neutrons with a high enough e_ciency to allow DarkSide-50 to run background-free for three years.
Author : Alexander Kish
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (778 download)
Download or read book Dark Matter Search with the XENON100 Experiment written by Alexander Kish and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Melinda Dominique Sweany
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267029393
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (293 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Neutron Backgrounds for Direct Dark Matter Searches written by Melinda Dominique Sweany and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct dark matter experiments generally cannot distinguish between nuclear recoils caused by Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and those caused by neutron backgrounds. It is therefore crucial that all sources of neutron background are well understood and accounted for when claiming a discovery or reporting limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section. One source of neutrons that is not well understood results from cosmogenic muon interactions in the material surrounding a detector. The Neutron Multiplicity Meter in the Soudan cavern is a gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector capable of detecting high multiplicity neutron showers resulting from fast neutrons incident on a lead target. This measurement is the first such measurement obtained without a liquid scintillator detector medium; muon and neutron spallation is media-dependent, and because neutron shield technology for dark matter detectors is moving towards water, this is an important measurement. The integrated fast neutron flux in the Soudan cavern is reported as a linear function of the power, [alpha], of the neutron angular distribution with the zenith angle: [Fourier transform] = 4.8x10−9 ± 3.5x10−10 + (5.4x10−10 ± 1.5x10−10)[alpha]. Technological studies of neutron detection with gadolinium-doped water are also reported here. The neutron detection efficiency of a cylindrical 3.5 kL detector is measured at 70% for neutrons in the center of the detector. In addition, other improvements to water Cherenkov technology are explored, namely the addition of water-soluble wavelength-shifting chemicals. The wavelength-shifting chemical 4-Methylumbelliferone has been shown here to increase the measured light output of Cherenkov radiation resulting from neutron capture showers by a factor of 1.7.
Author : Jacob Edward Cutter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Characterizing the Peripheral Dynamics of Xenon Dark Matter Detectors written by Jacob Edward Cutter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important fundamental problems in physics today is to understand the nature of dark matter. The landscape of explanations for observed dark matter phenomena is vast and still expanding, and an impressive number of experiments have been built to probe the dark sector of the universe. A prominent class of detectors is aimed at discovering (or excluding) a particular kind of dark matter: the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Searching for this popular dark matter candidate requires an ultra-sensitive, low-background target; xenon detectors serve as such a target for dark matter interactions. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber (TPC) which was operated underground at the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota from 2013 to 2016, and was able to achieve the world's leading WIMP exclusion limit. However, successful reconstruction of WIMP-nucleus scatters in such detectors requires thorough understanding of the detection medium, which is made difficult by various confounding effects near the detector walls. Field-fringing is a major component of confusion in the periphery, and the large electric field non-uniformities in Run 4 of LUX provided a significant challenge in the dark matter analysis. Here is presented an algorithm to bijectively map between reconstructed event positions and true spatial coordinates, which serves as an important tool for studying field effects and fiducialization in LUX. Additionally, a successful dark matter search must model interfering background events in the WIMP search region which can't be directly vetoed. One class of unavoidable backgrounds comes from nuclear decay chain daughters in detector materials themselves, which may produce WIMP-like signals (an effect which is amplified due to various detector effects). The Davis Xenon (DAX) test bed system and a dual-phase TPC have been assembled and operated at UC Davis to characterize these common "wall backgrounds", as well as perform other R&D studies for the next-generation LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. The DAX TPC specifically measures the xenon response to heavy nuclei produced by custom [alpha] decay sources created using novel chemical deposition procedures. In this thesis, results will be presented for the light and charge yields of immersed localized sources of 206Pb ions in liquid xenon, as well as a method for tagging such recoil events in situ by using PIN diodes as charged particle detectors to capture the correlated [alpha] particles. We also compare our isolated 206Pb events with previous WIMP search data from LUX, and discuss the significance of 206Pb as a WIMP background. Such information is most useful to future experiments if it can improve existing background models and simulations. The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) is the ultimate software package for calculating expected signal yields in xenon detectors, but is an empirical framework that relies on experimental data to inform the models. We discuss the development of current NEST v2 models, specifically the heavy nuclear recoil models, as well as our current understanding of the xenon microphysics. We also show NEST predictions for mono-energetic 206Pb recoils, and discuss how our most recent DAX 206Pb measurements may inform NEST models in future work.
Author : Ethan Craig Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (771 download)
Download or read book Search for Low Mass Dark Matter with the XENON100 Experiment and Simulations for 1 Ton and 10 Ton Dark Matter Detectors written by Ethan Craig Brown and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oliver Markus Horn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Simulations of the Muon-induced Neutron Background of the EDELWEISS-II Experiment for Dark Matter Search written by Oliver Markus Horn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aayush Bhattarai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Study of Neutrino Background for the Low-mass Dark Matter Search in Future Neutrino Experiments written by Aayush Bhattarai and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With high-intensity neutrino beams and large mass detectors, neutrino physics has entered the high precision measurement era. Accelerator experiments that use highintensity proton beams impinging on a fixed target could produce dark matter along with neutrinos. DUNE, one of the most extensive neutrino experiments under construction, has similar prospects of looking for low-mass dark matter (LDM) produced in the proton interactions with the target. With the possibility of charge-neutral LDM production in the target, numerous neutrinos will be generated alongside it, which will be the primary background to the LDM signal. To understand these neutrino backgrounds, we studied two “modified DUNE” frameworks: Neutral Rich Horn Focusing (NRHF) System and Targetless DUNE. These systems help us reduce background neutrinos in search of LDM signals. These configurations also enhance the signal-to-background ratio by several orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Huguenot Society of America Membership Application of Joseph N. Wright of Trenton, New Jersey, Descendant of Isaac Garnee written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cécile Kéfélian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (949 download)
Download or read book Search for Dark Matter with EDELWEISS-III Excluding Background from Muon-induced Neutrons written by Cécile Kéfélian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Results from the XENON10 and the Race to Detect Dark Matter with Noble Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detectors based on liquid noble gases have the potential to revolutionize the direct search for WIMP dark matter. The XENON10 experiment, of which I am a member, has recently announced the results from it's first data run and is now the leading WIMP search experiment. This and other experiments using xenon, argon and neon have the potential to rapidly move from the current kg-scale target mass to the ton scale and well beyond. This should allow a (nearly) definitive test or discovery of dark matter if it is in the form of weakly interacting massive particles.
Author : Tianyu Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book The Path to the Search for Rare Event Signals in XENON1T and XENONnT Dark Matter Experiments written by Tianyu Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The other is the search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay at its ?-value, ?_?? = (2457.83$\pm$0.37)\,keV. The analysis demonstrated that the relative energy resolution at one ?/? is as low as (0.80±$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at ?_??, a world-leading resolution in ??e experiment that enhance the experimental sensitivity to the neutrinoless double-beta decay events.
Author : David Samuel Blum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Indirect Dark Matter Search with Neutrinos in JUNO and THEIA written by David Samuel Blum and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive evidence from various astrophysical observations suggests that most of the matter in the universe is dark matter. However, the nature of dark matter is still unknown and remains one of the most prominent unanswered questions in physics today. A potential way to search for dark matter is the indirect dark matter search with neutrinos. It is based on the hypothesis that dark matter particles self-annihilate into neutrinos. This would result in a neutrino flux, which could be measured by neutrino detectors at Earth. In case of no excess signal is observed, a limit on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section can be set. The future neutrino detectors JUNO and THEIA can search for dark matter, especially for light dark matter particles with masses ranging from MeV to GeV. The search for such light dark matter particles has gained in importance in the last years as it extends the typical WIMP search to the sub-GeV mass range. In this work, the sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA to measure neutrinos from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds are determined in detail for the first time. The work focuses on direct self-annihilation of light dark matter particles with masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV into neutrino-antineutrino pairs. The expected electron antineutrino signal measured through the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction and all background contributions occurring in the visible energy region from 10 MeV to 100 MeV are determined for both detectors. To effectively reduce IBD-like background events of atmospheric neutrinos interacting via neutral current and of fast neutrons in JUNO, pulse shape discrimination is studied and applied in this work. THEIA would feature the separate measurement of Cherenkov and scintillation light. As a consequence, selection cuts on the ratio of measured Cherenkov to scintillation light and on the number of reconstructed Cherenkov rings are determined in this work, which can suppress atmospheric neutral current and fast neutron background events in THEIA with high efficiency. The sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA are determined using a Bayesian analysis and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling for dark matter masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV. JUNO will achieve the highest sensitivity for indirect dark matter search with neutrinos among existing neutrino detectors and will take a leading role in the indirect dark matter search in the upcoming years. The results of this work show for the first time that JUNO will improve the best currently existing 90 % C.L. upper limit of neutrino detectors on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section by a factor of 2 to 9 for 10 years of data taking. JUNO's potential to discover an electron antineutrino signal from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds will be between 3 sigma and 5 sigma for most dark matter masses from 15 MeV to 100 MeV assuming an annihilation cross section that corresponds to the 90 % C.L. upper limit on the annihilation cross section of Super-K. This work moreover demonstrates that THEIA, if realized, could achieve a sensitivity comparable to JUNO.
Author : William R. Leo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642579205
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments written by William R. Leo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A treatment of the experimental techniques and instrumentation most often used in nuclear and particle physics experiments as well as in various other experiments, providing useful results and formulae, technical know-how and informative details. This second edition has been revised, while sections on Cherenkov radiation and radiation protection have been updated and extended.
Author : Felix Boehm
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521428491
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (284 download)
Download or read book Physics of Massive Neutrinos written by Felix Boehm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-06-26 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos play a decisive part in nuclear and elementary particle physics, as well as in astrophysics and cosmology. Some of their most basic properties, such as their mass and charge conjugation symmetry, are largely unknown. This book focuses on what we know and may hope to know about the mass of the neutrino and its particle-antiparticle symmetry. Topics include neutrino mixing, neutrino decay, neutrino oscillations, double beta decay, solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos and related issues. The authors stress the physical concepts, and discuss both theoretical and experimental techniques. This updated second edition differs from the first in that it contains an expanded coverage of experimental results and theoretical advances. Since publication of the first edition, many issues that were at that time unresolved, such as tritium beta decay and reactor neutrino oscillations, have been clarified and are discussed here. Also included is an expanded coverage of solar and supernova neutrinos. This book deals with one of the most intriguing issues in modern physics, and will be of value to researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates specializing in experimental and theoretical particle physics and nuclear physics.
