Genomic Mapping For Grain Yield Stay Green And Grain Quality Traits In Sorghum

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Genomic Mapping for Grain Yield, Stay Green, and Grain Quality Traits in Sorghum

Author : Sivakumar Sukumaran
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomic Mapping for Grain Yield, Stay Green, and Grain Quality Traits in Sorghum by : Sivakumar Sukumaran

Download or read book Genomic Mapping for Grain Yield, Stay Green, and Grain Quality Traits in Sorghum written by Sivakumar Sukumaran and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end use value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The objective of the first experiment was to assess marker-trait associations for 10 grain quality traits through candidate gene association mapping on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions. The 10 grain quality traits were measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1,290 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea-caudatum), and one working group (zerazera/caudatum). Association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes/loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker-trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio-based R2 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R2) value of 0.08. SNPs in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene (R[subscript]L[subscript]R2 = 0.10) and loci pSB1120 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R2 = 0.09) was associated with starch content. Sorghum is a crop well adapted to the semi arid regions of the world and my harbor genes for drought tolerance. The objective of second experiment was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield potential and drought tolerance. From a cross between Tx436 (food grain type) and 00MN7645 (drought tolerant) 248 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed. Multi-location trials were conducted in 8 environments to evaluate agronomic performance of the RILs under favorable and drought stress conditions. The 248 RILs and their parents were genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A subset of 800 SNPs was used for linkage map construction and QTL detection. Composite interval mapping identified a major QTLs for grain yield in chromosome 8 and QTL for flowering time in chromosome 9 under favorable conditions. Three major QTLs were detected for grain yield in chromosomes 1, 6, and 8 and two flowering time QTLs on chromosome 1 under drought conditions. Six QTLs were identified for stay green: two on chromosome 4; one each on chromosome 5, 6, 7, and 10 under drought conditions.

Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum

Author : Yi-Hong Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482210088
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum by : Yi-Hong Wang

Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.

Sorghum

Author : Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891186271
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Sorghum by : Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Download or read book Sorghum written by Ignacio A. Ciampitti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.

The Sorghum Genome

Author : Sujay Rakshit
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319477897
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sorghum Genome by : Sujay Rakshit

Download or read book The Sorghum Genome written by Sujay Rakshit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the current state of sorghum genomics. It particularly focuses on the tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis, public and private genomic resources and how all this information is leading to direct outcomes for plant breeders. The advent of affordable whole genome sequencing in combination with existing cereal functional genomics data has enabled the leveraging of the significant novel diversity available in sorghum, the genome of which was fully sequenced in 2009, providing an unmatched resource for the genetic improvement of sorghum and other grass species. Cultivated grain sorghum is a food and feed cereal crop adapted to hot and dry climates, and is a staple for 500 million of the world’s poorest people. Globally, sorghum is also an important source of animal feed and forage, an emerging biofuel crop and model for C4 grasses, particularly genetically complex sugarcane.

Sorghum Molecular Breeding

Author : R. Madhusudhana
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132224221
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Sorghum Molecular Breeding by : R. Madhusudhana

Download or read book Sorghum Molecular Breeding written by R. Madhusudhana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview of international research work on sorghum. Its comprehensive coverage of our current understanding of transgenic development in sorghum and the strategies that are being applied in molecular breeding make this book unique. Important areas such as genetic diversity, QTL mapping, heterosis prediction, genomic and bioinformatics resources, post-genome sequencing developments, molecular markers development using bioinformatics tools, genetic transformation and transgenic research are also addressed. The availability of the genome sequence along with other recent developments in sequencing and genotyping technologies has resulted in considerable advances in the area of sorghum genomics. These in turn have led to the generation of a large number of DNA-based markers and resulted in the identification and fine mapping of QTL associated with grain yield, its component traits, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as grain quality traits in sorghum. Though a large volume of information has accumulated over the years, especially following the sequencing of the sorghum genome, until now it was not available in a single reference resource. This book fills that gap by documenting advances in the genomics and transgenic research in sorghum and presenting critical reviews and future prospects. “Sorghum Molecular Breeding” is an essential guide for students, researchers and managers who are involved in the area of molecular breeding and transgenic research in sorghum and plant biologists in general.

Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait

Author : Karen Ruth Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (662 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait by : Karen Ruth Harris

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait written by Karen Ruth Harris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments. Some genotypes of sorghum called stay-green have delayed leaf senescence during grain ripening under drought stress conditions which allows normal grain filling whereas most sorghum lines senesce early under post-anthesis drought. Eight sources of stay-green have been identified in the sorghum germplasm collection, most originating from Sudan and Ethiopia. The diversity of the eight sources of staygreen was analyzed using 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. This analysis showed that the sources of stay-green are quite diverse and can be divided into five groups based on race or working group. Three sources of stay-green have been used to identify 12 major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate this trait. The origin of favorable alleles for stay-green was traced backward to ancestral lines and forward into breeding materials derived from stay-green germplasm. The analysis of the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green helped explain why subsets of stay-green QTL were identified in different studies and provided evidence that there may be more than one favorable allele in the sorghum germplasm for several of the stay-green QTL. Analysis of stay-green breeding lines from three public sorghum-breeding programs revealed that one of the main QTL identified in mapping studies was not being used in the breeding programs (0/13), most likely due to its association with an allele for lemon yellow seeds. In addition, a subset of the regions containing favorable alleles for staygreen from the genotype BTx642 were over represented in stay-green breeding lines. Nearly isogenic lines containing favorable alleles from BTx642 for Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 in a RTx7000 (senescent) background were characterized and each NIL was shown to exhibit a stay-green phenotype. Based in part on this information, fine-mapping of Stg1 was undertaken by crossing the Stg1 NIL to RTx7000. Overall, these results revealed the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green and the current utilization of alleles for stay-green in public breeding programs. In addition, this study identified additional stay-green sources that could be used for further QTL analysis and highlighted the genetic complexity of the stay-green trait.

Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses

Author : Aruna C
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081018800
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses by : Aruna C

Download or read book Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses written by Aruna C and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses is a comprehensive overview of all significant global efforts for the genetic improvement of sorghum, a major crop of many semi-arid nations that is suitable for a huge range of uses, from human food, to biofuels. Split into two main sections, the book initially reviews the genetic suitability of sorghum for breeding, also providing the history of the genetic improvement of the grain. Finally, other sections look at specific breeding programs that could be improved in a number of areas, including human food, animal feed and industrial usage. Readers in academics, research, plant genetics and sorghum development will find this resource of great value. In addition, it is essential reading for engineers who utilize sorghum for food, feed and industrial materials in industry. Provides information on key advances in the genetic makeup of sorghum Allows plant breeders to apply this research to effectively breed new strains of sorghum that are dependent on final usage goals Includes the latest findings in each section to orient researchers to plans for future genetic enhancement

Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement

Author : Rajeev K. Varshney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402062974
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement by : Rajeev K. Varshney

Download or read book Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement written by Rajeev K. Varshney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-13 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superb volume provides a critical assessment of genomics tools and approaches for crop breeding. Volume 1 presents the status and availability of genomic resources and platforms, and also devises strategies and approaches for effectively exploiting genomics research. Volume 2 goes into detail on a number of case studies of several important crop and plant species that summarize both the achievements and limitations of genomics research for crop improvement.

Advances in Sorghum Science

Author : Ratikanta Maiti
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000286908
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Sorghum Science by : Ratikanta Maiti

Download or read book Advances in Sorghum Science written by Ratikanta Maiti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume, Advances in Sorghum Science: Botany, Production, and Crop Improvement, provides an easy-to-read and comprehensive treatment of the sorghum crop. With the world’s production of sorghum topping over 55 million tons annually, sorghum is very important for as a staple dietary food for much of the world as a rich source of micronutrients and macronutrients, as an ingredient in the processing of many foods, and as a source of fodder. The authors of the volume provide detailed information on sorghum from several disciplines and bring together recent literature under one umbrella. The book covers the various aspects of the sorghum crop, starting from its origin, to its domestication, and going on to biotechnology of the crop. It describes sorghum production, ideotypes, botany, physiology, abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop productivity, methods of cultivation, postharvest management, grain quality analysis for food processing, improvement of sorghum crop, and research advancements in breeding and biotechnology. This valuable resource will be helpful to researchers and scientists working to understand the relation between various disciplines and the implementation of new methods and technology for crop improvement and higher productivity. The multi-pronged approach will help to enable the increase sorghum productivity to meet the world’s growing demands.

Lost Crops of Africa

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309176891
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Lost Crops of Africa by : National Research Council

Download or read book Lost Crops of Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-14 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club

Genetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic and Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum

Author : J.G.E.de FRANCA
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic and Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum by : J.G.E.de FRANCA

Download or read book Genetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic and Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum written by J.G.E.de FRANCA and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the combining ability, heterosis and variance components of a set of selected restorers and male sterile in sorghum for the following characters: days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield per panicle, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain breaking strength, % floaters, % water absorption, flour particle size index, rolling quality of the dough and gel spreading. Twenty parental lines - 11 male steriles and 9 restorers and their 99 hybrids formed the experimental material. parents and hybrids were palnted in adjancent trials in a RBD design with threee replications each. The combining ability analysis followed a line x tester mating system. The experiments were carried out under rainfed conditions during the rainy (kharif) and post-rainy (Rabi) seasons of 1982 at ICRISAT Center, patancheru, A.P., India. Significant variation was observed in the genotypes studied for most of the charactrs analysed. Generally the restorers showed larger variation than the male sterile lines. Significant levels of heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed for plant height, grain yield per panicle, grain number per panicle and % floaters. Dominace was in the direction of earliness, increased height, panicle length, grain number and yield, decreased seed weight, % floaters, flour particle size and gel spreading. The results revealed that most of the agronomic and grain quality characters were highly influenced by additive gene action. (...).

Wheat: Prospects for Global Improvement

Author : H.-J. Braun
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Wheat: Prospects for Global Improvement by : H.-J. Braun

Download or read book Wheat: Prospects for Global Improvement written by H.-J. Braun and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 5th International Wheat Conference, 10-14 June 1996, Ankara, Turkey

Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum

Author : Yi-Hong Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482210096
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum by : Yi-Hong Wang

Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each

Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement

Author : Ram J. Singh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203489268
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement by : Ram J. Singh

Download or read book Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement written by Ram J. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing landmark research, Volume 2 of this essential series furnishes information on the availability of germplasm resources that breeders can exploit for producing high-yielding cereal crop varieties. Written by leading international experts, this volume offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on employing genetic resources t

Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field

Author : Yasunari Ogihara
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431556753
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field by : Yasunari Ogihara

Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.

Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000

Author : Brock D. Weers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000 by : Brock D. Weers

Download or read book Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000 written by Brock D. Weers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development of two sorghum drought tolerant genotypes BTx642 (post-flowering drought tolerant, "stay green") and RTx7000 (pre-flowering drought tolerant) were characterized and compared. Differences in phenology and the growth and development of leaves and stalks were identified that could contribute to variation in shoot biomass, grain yield and response to water deficit. An F12 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the two parents was genotyped using the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform and the information used to generate a genetic map useful for analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Seventy-two different traits were measured in the RIL population at anthesis and at grain maturity. Plants were grown in well-watered environments in greenhouse conditions and in field conditions near College Station, TX in 2008-2010. QTL mapping was used to analyze the genetic basis of trait variation in the population and to detect associations between traits. A total of 477 QTL were identified that in combination modulate leaf size (length, width, and area), shoot biomass accumulation (shoot, stalk, stem, leaf, and leaf sheath), panicle weight, root size and architecture (length, surface area, and volume, number of tips, forks and nodal roots, and root biomass), stalk and stem length, and flowering time. Six flowering time QTL were identified and variation in time to anthesis affected the expression of several other traits including leaf size and biomass accumulation. However, QTL infrequently had an impact on traits associated with different organs. The specificity observed is consistent with independent genetic control of traits associated with leaves, stems and roots. Nine QTL that modulated shoot biomass accumulation were detected that were not affected by flowering time. Of these, four shoot biomass QTL co-localized with leaf size traits. Eight QTL for panicle biomass were detected with two coincident with QTL for upper leaf size. A QTL for leaf width at anthesis was found to co-localize with a stay green locus.

Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops

Author : Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319933817
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops by : Chittaranjan Kole

Download or read book Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights modern methods and strategies to improve cereal crops in the era of climate change, presenting the latest advances in plant molecular mapping and genome sequencing. Spectacular achievements in the fields of molecular breeding, transgenics and genomics in the last three decades have facilitated revolutionary changes in cereal- crop-improvement strategies and techniques. Since the genome sequencing of rice in 2002, the genomes of over eight cereal crops have been sequenced and more are to follow. This has made it possible to decipher the exact nucleotide sequence and chromosomal positions of agroeconomic genes. Most importantly, comparative genomics and genotyping-by-sequencing have opened up new vistas for exploring available biodiversity, particularly of wild crop relatives, for identifying useful donor genes.