Genome Mapping And Genomics In Human And Non Human Primates

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Genome Mapping and Genomics in Human and Non-Human Primates

Author : Ravindranath Duggirala
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662463067
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Genome Mapping and Genomics in Human and Non-Human Primates by : Ravindranath Duggirala

Download or read book Genome Mapping and Genomics in Human and Non-Human Primates written by Ravindranath Duggirala and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the latest gene mapping techniques and their applications in biomedical research and evolutionary biology. It especially highlights the advances made in large-scale genomic sequencing. Results of studies that illustrate how the new approaches have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of complex phenotypes including multifactorial diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), anatomic characteristics (e.g., the craniofacial complex), and neurological and behavioral phenotypes (e.g., human brain structure and nonhuman primate behavior) are presented. Topics covered include linkage and association methods, gene expression, copy number variation, next-generation sequencing, comparative genomics, population structure, and a discussion of the Human Genome Project. Further included are discussions of the use of statistical genetic and genetic epidemiologic techniques to decipher the genetic architecture of normal and disease-related complex phenotypes using data from both humans and non-human primates.

Post-Genome Biology of Primates

Author : Hirohisa Hirai
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431540113
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-Genome Biology of Primates by : Hirohisa Hirai

Download or read book Post-Genome Biology of Primates written by Hirohisa Hirai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, first reports of the human draft genome were published. Since then, genomes of many other organisms have been sequenced, including several primate species: the chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, baboon, marmoset, tarsier, galago, lemur, and more recently Neanderthals. In a new era of "post-genome biology", scientists now have the vast amount of information revealed by genome research to confront one of the most challenging, fundamental questions in primatology and anthropology: What makes us human? This volume comprises a collection of articles on a variety of topics relevant to primate genomes, including evolution, human origins, genome structure, chromosome genomics, and bioinformatics. The book covers the cutting-edge research in molecular primatology and provides great insights into the functional diversity of primates. This valuable collection will benefit researchers and students, including primatologists, anthropologists, molecular biologists, evolutionary biologists, and animal behaviorists.

Monkeys, Apes, and Humans

Author : Michael A. Huffman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431541527
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Monkeys, Apes, and Humans by : Michael A. Huffman

Download or read book Monkeys, Apes, and Humans written by Michael A. Huffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (tentative) What bring about biodiversity are not always genes. As is the case with humans, cultural diversity of non-human animals has also been found. Most of well-known examples of animal cultures are those of food acquisition behaviors, such as sweet-potato-washing by Japanese macaques and nut-cracking by chimpanzees. First author, Naofumi Nakagawa, introduces cultural diversity of social behaviors in wild Japanese macaques, such as the embracing behaviors between adult females in a wild group in each population of Yakushima, Kinkazan, and Shimokita. The subtle local difference in embracing can be identified as the first evidence for social customs in wild Japanese macaques. The next author, Michael A. Huffman, introduces the self-medicative behavior in non-human primates, which is a relatively new study in primatology. Parasites cause a variety of diseases that affect the behavior and reproductive fitness of an individual. He classifies health maintenance and self-medicative behaviors observed in non-human primates into four levels. Not only humans but also apes and monkeys are maintaining their health. The third authors, Hiroo Imai, Masaki Tomonaga, and Yasuhiro Go, are promoting comparative cognitive sciences of primates including human and chimpanzees. Recently, human personal genome projects progresses as related to the phenotypes including cognition, while there was no similar project for non-human primates. They started personal genome and transcriptome projects of chimpanzees in Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, years ago. They introduce recent progresses of the project and related results based on the primate genome sciences.

Ancestors in Our Genome

Author : Eugene E. Harris (Professor)
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199978034
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancestors in Our Genome by : Eugene E. Harris (Professor)

Download or read book Ancestors in Our Genome written by Eugene E. Harris (Professor) and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geneticist Eugene Harris presents us with the complete and up-to-date account of the evolution of the human genome.

Not a Chimp

Author : Jeremy Taylor
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191613584
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Not a Chimp by : Jeremy Taylor

Download or read book Not a Chimp written by Jeremy Taylor and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans are primates, and our closest relatives are the other African apes - chimpanzees closest of all. With the mapping of the human genome, and that of the chimp, a direct comparison of the differences between the two, letter by letter along the billions of As, Gs, Cs, and Ts of the DNA code, has led to the widely vaunted claim that we differ from chimps by a mere 1.6% of our genetic code. A mere hair's breadth genetically! To a rather older tradition of anthropomorphizing chimps, trying to get them to speak, dressing them up for 'tea parties', was added the stamp of genetic confirmation. It also began an international race to find that handful of genes that make up the difference - the genes that make us uniquely human. But what does that 1.6% really mean? And should it really lead us to consider extending limited human rights to chimps, as some have suggested? Are we, after all, just chimps with a few genetic tweaks? Is our language and our technology just an extension of the grunts and ant-collecting sticks of chimps? In this book, Jeremy Taylor sketches the picture that is emerging from cutting edge research in genetics, animal behaviour, and other fields. The indications are that the so-called 1.6% is much larger and leads to profound differences between the two species. We shared a common ancestor with chimps some 6-7 million years ago, but we humans have been racing away ever since. One in ten of our genes, says Taylor, has undergone evolution in the past 40,000 years! Some of the changes that happened since we split from chimpanzees are to genes that control the way whole orchestras of other genes are switched on and off, and where. Taylor shows, using studies of certain genes now associated with speech and with brain development and activity, that the story looks to be much more complicated than we first thought. This rapidly changing and exciting field has recently discovered a host of genetic mechanisms that make us different from other apes. As Taylor points out, for too long we have let our sentimentality for chimps get in the way of our understanding. Chimps use tools, but so do crows. Certainly chimps are our closest genetic relatives. But relatively small differences in genetic code can lead to profound differences in cognition and behaviour. Our abilities give us the responsibility to protect and preserve the natural world, including endangered primates. But for the purposes of human society and human concepts such as rights, let's not pretend that chimps are humans uneducated and undressed. We've changed a lot in those 12 million years.

Heritable Human Genome Editing

Author : The Royal Society
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309671132
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society

Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Application of Genome Assembly Methods to Human and Non-human Primate Genomics

Author : Lukas Kuderna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Genome Assembly Methods to Human and Non-human Primate Genomics by : Lukas Kuderna

Download or read book Application of Genome Assembly Methods to Human and Non-human Primate Genomics written by Lukas Kuderna and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic analyses are at the center of contemporary biology. These studies heavily rely on reference genome assemblies, yet those are typically highly fragmented. Having accurate representations of complex genomes, or parts thereof, is crucial to study human and primate evolution and disease. Here, we develop and apply new sequencing strategies and technologies to improve reference assemblies. We first explore the combinatorial potential of different datasets to generate a highly improved reference for the chimpanzee, a crucial species for the study of human origins. We are able to close 77% of the over 159.000 remaining gaps in the previous iteration of this species' assembly and increase continuity by more than 750%. We then go on to develop a workflow to assemble the first human Y chromosome of African ancestry, using native flow-sorted chromosomes sequenced on a Nanopore device. We are able to assemble the Y chromosome to a reference grade quality and achieve unprecedented sequence resolution across structurally complex regions. These results open new avenues for comparative studies including the chimpanzee genome or human Y chromosomes.

Curiosity Guides: The Human Genome

Author : John Quackenbush
Publisher : Charlesbridge
ISBN 13 : 1607343568
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Curiosity Guides: The Human Genome by : John Quackenbush

Download or read book Curiosity Guides: The Human Genome written by John Quackenbush and published by Charlesbridge. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA sequence that comprises the human genome--the genetic blueprint found in each of our cells--is undoubtedly the greatest code ever to be broken. Completed at the dawn of a new millennium, the feat electrified both the scientific community and the general public with its tantalizing promise of new and better treatments for countless diseases, including Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's. Yet what is arguably the most important discovery of our time has also opened a Pandora's box of questions about who we are as humans and how the unique information stored in our genomes can and might be used, making it all the more important for everyone to understand the new science of genomics. In the CURIOSITY GUIDE TO THE HUMAN GENOME, Dr. John Quackenbush, a renowned scientist and professor, conducts a fascinating tour of the history and science behind the Human Genome Project and the technologies that are revolutionizing the practice of medicine today. With a clear and engaging narrative style, he demystifies the fundamental principles of genetics and molecular biology, including the astounding ways in which genes function, alone or together with other genes and the environment, to either sustain life or trigger disease. In addition, Dr. Quackenbush goes beyond medicine to examine how DNA-sequencing technology is changing how we think of ourselves as a species by providing new insights about our earliest ancestors and reconfirming our inextricable link to all life on earth. Finally, he explores the legal and ethical questions surrounding such controversial topics as stem cell research, prenatal testing, forensics, and cloning, making this volume of the Curiosity Guides series an indispensable resource for navigating our brave new genomic world.

The Human Genome Project

Author : Thomas F. Lee
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489960228
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Genome Project by : Thomas F. Lee

Download or read book The Human Genome Project written by Thomas F. Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the ten-year, multimillion dollar Human Genome Project and its process of gene mapping; includes concerns of critics of the project.

The Orang Utan

Author : L.E.M. de Boer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789061937029
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis The Orang Utan by : L.E.M. de Boer

Download or read book The Orang Utan written by L.E.M. de Boer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1982-09-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genomics in Biological Anthropology

Author : Manuela Lima
Publisher : Anthropology: Current and Futu
ISBN 13 : 9781681083865
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (838 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics in Biological Anthropology by : Manuela Lima

Download or read book Genomics in Biological Anthropology written by Manuela Lima and published by Anthropology: Current and Futu. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular methodologies are crucial to our understanding of human population diversity, as well as our evolutionary relationships with nonhuman primates. The completion of the Human Genome Project has given researchers a complete human reference sequence of genes. Combined with very important advances in sequencing and bioinformatics technologies, genetic research projects are now of a multidisciplinary nature. Anthropologists have the tools to seek information related to questions concerning the origin of the human species. Genomics in Biological Anthropology: New Challenges, New Opportunities explores the impact of new advances in molecular methods, such as DNA sequencing, amplification and analysis on our knowledge about the genetics of prehistoric and existing humans. Topics covered in this volume include an overview of genomic projects, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, ancient DNA, mutation rates in chromosome Y, genomics of isolated populations, complex phenotypes and forensic anthropology. This volume is a concise primer for students and general readers learning the basics about human genetics, human evolution and biological anthropology.

Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics

Author : Robert Pool
Publisher : National Academy Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309086943
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics by : Robert Pool

Download or read book Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics written by Robert Pool and published by National Academy Press. This book was released on 2002-08 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing the important contributions that genomic analysis can make to agriculture, production and companion animal science, evolutionary biology, and human health with respect to the creation of models for genetic disorders, the National Academies convened a group of individuals to plan a public workshop that would: (1) assess these contributions; (2) identify potential research directions for existing genomics programs; and (3) highlight the opportunities of a coordinated, multi-species genomics effort for the science and policymaking communities. Their efforts culminated in a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. The workshop was convened on February 19, 2002. The goal of the workshop was to focus on domestic animal genomics and its integration with other genomics and functional genomics projects.

Primate Cytogenetics

Author : Stefan Müller
Publisher : S Karger Ag
ISBN 13 : 9783805578608
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (786 download)

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Book Synopsis Primate Cytogenetics by : Stefan Müller

Download or read book Primate Cytogenetics written by Stefan Müller and published by S Karger Ag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primate molecular genetics, cytogenetics and genomics currently form a highly dynamic field of research. This has not occurred simply because of advances in technology. It is largely a consequence of the key insight that many aspects of human genome functioning can be better understood when knowledge about the conservation of, and changes in, genome organization during the course of evolution is integrated. Studies of our closest phylogenomic relatives, the nonhuman primates, can provide detailed information on the molecular mechanisms that shape the human genome. Consequently the chimpanzee genome project put forth the first chimpanzee draft sequence and its alignment with the human reference sequence in December 2003. Including review articles and original investigations, this Cytogenetic and Genome Research single topic issue bundles various different perspectives and provides a broad overview of the present knowledge about molecular cytogenetics, genome organization and evolution of primates. It will be of great interest to researchers and geneticists in the fields of primatology, anthropology, molecular phylogeny, evolution, human genetics and genome research.

Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309220424
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research by : National Research Council

Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

Genetic Studies of Human Evolution

Author : Rachel Lauren Grant
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Studies of Human Evolution by : Rachel Lauren Grant

Download or read book Genetic Studies of Human Evolution written by Rachel Lauren Grant and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding what makes us human and how our species evolved, though enormous questions, present challenges worthy of study. With the advent and availability of genome sequencing for humans and non-human primates, and the technological advances in genetic manipulation and cell culture, we hold more tools than ever before with which to uncover the genetic and molecular basis of human evolution. In this thesis, I describe two complementary approaches to studying the genetic basis of human evolution. In the first, I describe our molecular and genetic studies of a human conserved deletion (hCONDEL584) that drives expression in the developing brain. We show that hCONDEL584 has enhancer activity localized to developing inhibitory interneurons that mimics the expression pattern of nearby gene Nxph1, develop and optimize techniques for further study of hCONDEL584 and Nxph1, recapitulate the human-specific deletion in mice and find differential expression of evolution- and disease-relevant genes in the adult brain, and propose a hypothesized mechanism of human-specific expansion of inhibitory interneurons through the human-specific deletion of enhancers of tumor suppressor genes in the developing brain. In the second approach, I introduce our new cell culture system for genetic mapping of traits divergent across humans and chimpanzees. This system utilizes human and chimpanzee pluripotent stem cells, and fuses them to create auto- and allo-tetraploid cells that we use to study gene expression and regulatory change across humans and chimpanzees. In demonstrating our new system for genetic mapping through panels of deletion lines and a recombinant, we uncover genes subject to species-specific trans-regulation, and propose a candidate species-specific trans-regulator that also has major roles in human neuro-developmental disease. Together, this work represents both forward and reverse genetic approaches to the study of human evolution, uncovers a number of evolutionary and disease-relevant genes and regulatory regions, and contributes to the field a novel system for the mapping of divergent traits across humans and chimpanzees.

Mapping our genes : the genome projects : how big, how fast?

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 142892258X
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping our genes : the genome projects : how big, how fast? by :

Download or read book Mapping our genes : the genome projects : how big, how fast? written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genome

Author : Matt Ridley
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062253468
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Genome by : Matt Ridley

Download or read book Genome written by Matt Ridley and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Ridley leaps from chromosome to chromosome in a handy summation of our ever increasing understanding of the roles that genes play in disease, behavior, sexual differences, and even intelligence. . . . . He addresses not only the ethical quandaries faced by contemporary scientists but the reductionist danger in equating inheritability with inevitability.” — The New Yorker The genome's been mapped. But what does it mean? Matt Ridley’s Genome is the book that explains it all: what it is, how it works, and what it portends for the future Arguably the most significant scientific discovery of the new century, the mapping of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes that make up the human genome raises almost as many questions as it answers. Questions that will profoundly impact the way we think about disease, about longevity, and about free will. Questions that will affect the rest of your life. Genome offers extraordinary insight into the ramifications of this incredible breakthrough. By picking one newly discovered gene from each pair of chromosomes and telling its story, Matt Ridley recounts the history of our species and its ancestors from the dawn of life to the brink of future medicine. From Huntington's disease to cancer, from the applications of gene therapy to the horrors of eugenics, Ridley probes the scientific, philosophical, and moral issues arising as a result of the mapping of the genome. It will help you understand what this scientific milestone means for you, for your children, and for humankind.